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Biometals : An International Journal on... May 20242-((1-(4-((2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)diazenyl) phenyl) ethylidene) amino) benzoic acid (HL), and its V(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Ag(I) chelates...
2-((1-(4-((2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)diazenyl) phenyl) ethylidene) amino) benzoic acid (HL), and its V(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Ag(I) chelates were synthesized. They were defined using multiple spectral and analytical techniques. With the exception of Ag(I) chelate, all chelates possessed non-electrolytic character. Square pyramidal shape was proposed for V(IV) chelate and Square planar for the other chelates. The analysis of functional group bands of HL and its coordination compounds alludes that HL chelated as neutral tetradentate via nitrogen atoms of azo and azomethine groups, oxygen atom of carbonyl of barbituric acid and OH of the carboxylic group. TG/DTG predicted the thermal behaviors of all compounds. The antibacterial activity of HL and its coordination compounds was conducted against Proteus mirabilis at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. Ag(I) at 1000 µg/mL, showed the most inhibiting potency against P. mirabilis and registered zone of inhibition of 28.33 ± 0.84 mm and highest biofilm inhibition of 70.31%. At 50 Gy of gamma irradiation, the reducing effect of Ag(I) chelate was improved. The protein interruption of P. mirabilis was greatly interrupted by increasing the concentration of the chaletes. Also, Ag(I) showed the highest cytotoxicity with IC value of 11.5 µg/ mL. The novelty of this study is the synthesis of a new azo-Schiff base and this is almost the first publication of the effect of azo-Schiff ligands against that bacterial strain P. mirabilis.
PubMed: 38811521
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00608-y -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2024Proteus mirabilis is a significant nosocomial pathogen that is frequently associated with a wide range of infections, necessitating heightened attention to mitigate...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is a significant nosocomial pathogen that is frequently associated with a wide range of infections, necessitating heightened attention to mitigate potential health risks. Hence, this study was performed to investigate the impact of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates.
METHODS
The sub-MICs of CIP were selected using the growth curve approach. The untreated and treated isolates with sub-MICs of CIP were assessed for their biofilm development, motilities on agar, and other virulence factors. The cell morphology of untreated and treated isolates with sub-MIC of CIP was explored using electron microscope. Moreover, the expression levels of the virulence genes in isolates were measured using quantitative real-time PCR.
RESULTS
Data revealed that sub-MICs of CIP significantly (p < 0.05), in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited biofilm formation and other virulence factors in the selected isolates. Electron microscope analysis showed cell enlargement and various abnormalities in the cell wall and membrane integrity.
CONCLUSION
Sub-MICs of CIP exhibited inhibition of virulence and alterations in morphological integrity against P. mirabilis isolates.
Topics: Proteus mirabilis; Ciprofloxacin; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Proteus Infections; Virulence Factors; Virulence
PubMed: 38802894
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00704-4 -
Pharmaceutics May 2024is a fern documented in ethnobotanical records for its use in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastric disorders and mouth ulcers. Consequently, conducting...
is a fern documented in ethnobotanical records for its use in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastric disorders and mouth ulcers. Consequently, conducting biological and pharmacological assays is crucial to validate the therapeutic efficacy of this plant within the context of traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of extracts and fractions obtained from organs against bacteria (, , , , , , and using in vitro models. The precipitate fraction obtained from the frond methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] 120 µg/mL) against the strain and was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The hexane fraction also obtained from frond methanolic extract, showed a trichomonacidal effect with an IC of 82.8 μg/mL and a low cytotoxic effect. Hsf6 exhibited the highest activity against , and the GC-MS analysis revealed that the predominant compound was 16-pregnenolone. The remaining identified compounds were primarily terpene-type compounds.
PubMed: 38794287
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050624 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2024Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be controlled because of its diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. mirabilis isolates collected from different clinical sources in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt was determined. Moreover, the underlying resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness between isolates were investigated.
RESULTS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated elevated levels of resistance to different classes of antimicrobials among the tested P. mirabilis clinical isolates (n = 66). ERIC-PCR showed great diversity among the tested isolates. Six isolates (9.1%) were XDR while all the remaining isolates were MDR. ESBLs and AmpCs were detected in 57.6% and 21.2% of the isolates, respectively, where bla, bla, bla, bla and bla were detected. Carbapenemases and MBLs were detected in 10.6 and 9.1% of the isolates, respectively, where bla and bla genes were detected. Quinolone resistant isolates (75.8%) harbored acc(6')-Ib-cr, qnrD, qnrA, and qnrS genes. Resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol exceeded 80%. Fosfomycin was the most active drug against the tested isolates as only 22.7% were resistant. Class I or II integrons were detected in 86.4% of the isolates. Among class I integron positive isolates, four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA17- aadA5, aadB-aadA2, aadA2-lnuF, and dfrA14-arr-3-bla-aadA15) and two gene cassettes (dfrA7 and aadA1) were detected. While class II integron positive isolates carried four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA1-sat1-aadA1, estXVr-sat2-aadA1, lnuF- dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA1-sat2).
CONCLUSION
P. Mirabilis ability to acquire resistance determinants via integrons may be held responsible for the elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR or even PDR strains limiting the available therapeutic options for management of infections caused by those strains.
Topics: Egypt; Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Proteus Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; beta-Lactamases; Integrons; Bacterial Proteins; Cross Infection; Male
PubMed: 38790053
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00705-3 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... May 2024This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus, alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin, against otitis media-associated...
This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus, alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin, against otitis media-associated bacteria. L. acidophilus cells were isolated from Vitalactic B (VB), a commercially available probiotic product containing two lactobacilli species, L. acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) plantarum. The pathogenic bacterial samples were provided by Al-Shams Medical Laboratory (Baqubah, Iraq). Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing for 16 antibiotics were performed using the VITEK2 system. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin was also determined. The antimicrobial activity of L. acidophilus VB1 cell-free supernatant (La-CFS) was evaluated alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin using a checkerboard assay. Our data showed significant differences in the synergistic activity when La-CFS was combined with ciprofloxacin, in comparison to the use of each compound alone, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa SM17 and Proteus mirabilis SM42. However, an antagonistic effect was observed for the combination against Staphylococcus aureus SM23 and Klebsiella pneumoniae SM9. L. acidophilus VB1 was shown to significantly co-aggregate with the pathogenic bacteria, and the highest co-aggregation percentage was observed after 24 h of incubation. The anti-biofilm activities of CFS and biosurfactant (BS) of L. acidophilus VB1 were evaluated, and we found that the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration that inhibits 50% of bacterial biofilm (MBIC50) of La-CFS was significantly lower than MBIC50 of La-BS against the tested pathogenic bacterial species. Lactobacillus acidophilus, isolated from Vitane Vitalactic B capsules, demonstrated promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against otitis media pathogens, highlighting its potential as an effective complementary/alternative therapeutic strategy to control bacterial ear infections.
PubMed: 38789905
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01363-5 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of the utmost importance are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE),...
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of the utmost importance are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CRE), carbapenem-resistant (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant (CRPA), methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant spp. (VRE). In this study, an evaluation of MDR bacteria in surgical intensive care units in a tertiary referral hospital was conducted. The study aimed to characterize β-lactamases and other resistance traits of Gram-negative bacteria isolated in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). Disk diffusion and the broth dilution method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing, whereas ESBL screening was performed through a double disk synergy test and an inhibitor-based test with clavulanic acid. A total of 119 MDR bacterial isolates were analysed. ESBL production was observed in half of the , 90% of the and all of the and isolates. OXA-48 carbapenemase, carried by the L plasmid, was detected in 34 and one and complex isolates, whereas NDM occurred sporadically and was identified in three isolates. OXA-48 positive isolates coharboured ESBLs belonging to the CTX-M family in all but one isolate. OXA-23 carbapenemase was confirmed in all isolates. The findings of this study provide valuable insight of resistance determinants of Enterobacterales and which will enhance surveillance and intervention strategies that are necessary to curb the ever-growing carbapenem resistance rates.
PubMed: 38787264
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050411 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies May 2024Medicinal plants play a major role in the delivery of healthcare, particularly among the rural population of Ethiopia. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds have...
BACKGROUND
Medicinal plants play a major role in the delivery of healthcare, particularly among the rural population of Ethiopia. Plant extracts and their bioactive compounds have been utilized for the treatment of several diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity, antioxidant capacity, and phytochemical content of selected medicinal plants used in Dibatie district, western Ethiopia.
METHODS
Study plants were collected, shade dried, pulverized, extracted by maceration in 80% ethanol, and subjected to antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using 96-well microplates and nutrient broth microdilution. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard test methods.
RESULTS
The ethanolic extract of Polystachya steudneri Rchb.f. pseudobulbs was the most active against gram-negative Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella flexneri, with MIC values of 8 ± 0, 11 ± 5, 3 ± 1, 3 ± 1, and 2 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract of P. steudneri was also the most effective against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis, with MIC values of 8 ± 0, 8 ± 0, 3 ± 1, and 16 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively. Ethanolic extracts of Gnidia involucrata Steud. ex A.Rich. stems and roots were effective antioxidants, with respective 50% DPPH free radical inhibitory concentrations (IC) of 168.68 and 181.79 µg/mL, followed by that of P. steudneri (IC = 203.11 µg/mL). The study plants contained alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids.
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed the antibiotic, antioxidant, and phytochemical constituents of the investigated plants and suggested further investigations that may lead to bioactive lead compounds.
Topics: Ethiopia; Plants, Medicinal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytochemicals; Medicine, African Traditional; Humans; Bacteria
PubMed: 38773522
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04499-x -
International Microbiology : the... May 2024In the relentless battle against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, piceatannol emerges as a beacon of hope, showcasing unparalleled antibacterial efficacy and...
In the relentless battle against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, piceatannol emerges as a beacon of hope, showcasing unparalleled antibacterial efficacy and a unique ability to disrupt virulence factors. Our study illuminates the multifaceted prowess of piceatannol against prominent pathogens-Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Notably, piceatannol demonstrated a remarkable ability to inhibit biofilm formation, reduce bacterial mobility, and diminish extracellular enzyme synthesis.Mechanistic insights into piceatannol's activity unraveled its impact on membrane potential, proton motive force, and ATP production. Furthermore, our study delved into piceatannol's anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity, showcasing its potential to downregulate QS-encoding genes and affirming its affinity to critical QS receptors through molecular docking. Crucially, piceatannol exhibited a low propensity for resistance development, positioning it as a promising candidate for combating antibiotic-resistant strains. Its mild effect on red blood cells (RBCs) suggests safety even at higher concentrations, reinforcing its potential translational value. In an in vivo setting, piceatannol demonstrated protective capabilities, significantly reducing pathogenesis in mice infected with P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. This comprehensive analysis positions piceatannol as a renaissance in antibacterial innovation, offering a versatile and effective strategy to confront the evolving challenges posed by resilient Gram-negative pathogens.
PubMed: 38767683
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00532-8 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024This retrospective study aims to identify risk factors for urogenic sepsis in patients with upper urinary tract stones following ureteral flexible lithotripsy (FURL)....
OBJECTIVE
This retrospective study aims to identify risk factors for urogenic sepsis in patients with upper urinary tract stones following ureteral flexible lithotripsy (FURL). Additionally, we analyze the clinical characteristics of bacterial infections post-surgery.
METHODS
A total of 759 patients who underwent FURL at the Urology Department of Zunyi Medical University were included. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for urogenic sepsis post-FURL. The distribution of bacteria based on preoperative urine cultures was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using R4.2.2 software.
RESULTS
Of the 759 patients, positive preoperative urine culture, urine nitrite positivity, urine white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 200 cells/μL, residual stones, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were found to be independent risk factors for urogenic sepsis after FURL. Among the 164 patients with positive preoperative urine cultures, 32 developed urogenic sepsis post-surgery, with 68.75% having positive preoperative cultures. The leading pathogens causing postoperative urogenic sepsis were (), , , and . The probabilities of progression to urogenic sepsis were as follows: 19% ( = 12), 43% ( = 3), 33.3% ( = 1), and 33.3% ( = 1). The ages of affected patients were 47.17 ± 13.2, 53.7, 41, and 79 years, respectively. Rates of comorbid diabetes were 36.4, 66.7, 50, 100%, with nitrite positivity rates at 72.7, 33.3, 50, 0%. Ten female patients were infected with , while patients infected with had an NLR of 7.62.
CONCLUSION
Positive preoperative urine culture, urine nitrite positivity, urine WBC ≥ 200 cells/μL, residual stones, and NLR are independent risk factors for urogenic sepsis after FURL. is the predominant pathogen post-FURL, with notable female prevalence and nitrite-positive urine in infections. infections are associated with diabetes.
PubMed: 38765255
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1393734 -
Drugs Jun 2024Cefepime/enmetazobactam (EXBLIFEP), an intravenous (IV) antibacterial fixed-dose combination of a 4th generation cephalosporin and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase... (Review)
Review
Cefepime/enmetazobactam (EXBLIFEP), an intravenous (IV) antibacterial fixed-dose combination of a 4th generation cephalosporin and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) inhibitor, is being developed by Allecra Therapeutics and ADVANZ PHARMA for the treatment of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. In February 2024, cefepime/enmetazobactam was approved in the USA for use in adults with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis, caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter cloacae complex. In March 2024, cefepime/enmetazobactam was approved in the EU for use in adults for the treatment of cUTI, including pyelonephritis, and hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator associated pneumonia, and the treatment of patients with bacteraemia occurring in association with or suspected to be associated with any of these infections. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of cefepime/enmetazobactam leading to this first approval for the treatment of adults with infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
Topics: Humans; Cefepime; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Urinary Tract Infections; Drug Approval; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Cephalosporins; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; United States; Drug Combinations; Pyelonephritis
PubMed: 38761353
DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02035-2