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The Indian Journal of Medical Research Mar 2012Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Indole negative Proteus species are invariably incorrectly identified as P. mirabilis, missing isolates of Proteus penneri. P. penneri is an invasive pathogen capable of causing major infectious diseases still seldom reported in individual cases. We report here the isolation, differentiation, characterization and typing of P. penneri from patients with different clinical infections.
METHODS
Urine, pus and body fluids collected from patients in intensive care units, wards and out patients departments of a tertiary health care institute from north India were cultured. A total of 61 indole negative Proteus isolates were subjected to extended biochemical tests to differentiate and identify P. penneri from P. mirabilis including failure to produce ornithine decarboxylase (by 0% strains of P. penneri and 100% strains of P. mirabilis) besides P. penneri being uniformly salicin negative, non-utilizer of citrate but ferments sucrose and maltose. Antibiograms and Dienes phenomenon were performed to characterize and type P. penneri isolates besides screening for β-lactamase production.
RESULTS
Eight isolates of P. penneri were identified; four from urine, three from abdominal drain-fluid and one from diabetic foot ulcer. P. penneri was isolated as the sole pathogen in all patients having underlying disease; post-operatively. Swarming was not seen in the first strain on primary isolation and was poor in strain-4. All eight isolates were biochemically homologous but multi-drug resistant (MDR) with resistance to 6-8 drugs (up to 12). β-lactamase production was seen in three of five isolates while Dienes phenomenon found four distinct types and discriminated strains differing in resistance even with a single drug.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
A few additional biochemical tests identified P. penneri isolates; it infected patients with underlying disease and strains were MDR and heterogenous.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 22561620
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Apr 2012Fournier's gangrene is a rare urologic emergency in childhood that requires prompt diagnosis to deliver definitive and supportive care. Host susceptibility risk factors...
Fournier's gangrene is a rare urologic emergency in childhood that requires prompt diagnosis to deliver definitive and supportive care. Host susceptibility risk factors differ between adult and pediatric age groups with affected children usually otherwise systemically healthy. We present a case of Fournier's gangrene in a 2-year-old, from a genitourinary source of sepsis secondary to previously unreported genitourinary anatomical anomalies of congenital buried penis and hypospadias. Illustrative applied anatomy identifies the pathogenesis of this case, aiding recognition and understanding of this rapidly progressive and destructive pathology.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Fournier Gangrene; Humans; Hypospadias; Male; Penis; Proteus Infections; Proteus penneri
PubMed: 22498402
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.008 -
Indian Journal of Anaesthesia Jul 2011
PubMed: 22013265
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5049.84842 -
Acta Biochimica Polonica 2010To extend the knowledge on the fragments of Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide core regions, which determine the cross-reactions with specific antibodies, serological...
To extend the knowledge on the fragments of Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide core regions, which determine the cross-reactions with specific antibodies, serological studies were performed by use of P. penneri 7 core-specific antiserum and Proteus sp. lipopolysaccharides. Different reactivity of the tested antiserum with three groups of antigens suggested differences in their core regions' epitope specificity. Comparing the results of the serological investigations with the previously determined structures of the core regions of the tested P. penneri lipopolysaccharides allowed distinguishing two potential tri- and tetrasaccharide epitopes and a third fragment which could not be determined precisely.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Carbohydrate Sequence; Epitopes; Lipopolysaccharides; Molecular Sequence Data; Proteus penneri
PubMed: 21060898
DOI: No ID Found -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Feb 2011O-antigen representing the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide is the most variable constituent on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and a player...
Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O109; chemical and genetic evidences of the presence of L-RhaN3N derivatives in the O-antigens of E. coli O109 and O119.
O-antigen representing the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide is the most variable constituent on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and a player in their pathogenicity. The O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O109 was studied by sugar analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and found to contain a rarely occurring monosaccharide, 2,3-diacetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-l-mannose (l-RhaNAc3NAc). The following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established, which is closely related to that of Proteus penneri O66: Ac--4-β-L-RhapNAc3NAc -->4)-α-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-α-L-6dTalp-(1-->3)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O109 was sequenced and all 14 genes found were assigned functions based on their similarity to genes from the available databases. Putative genes for synthesis of l-RhaN3N were found in E. coli O109 and their homologues in E. coli O119, whose O-antigen has been reported earlier to contain 2-acetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-formamido-d-mannose (d-RhaNAc3NFo). Analysis by GLC of the (S)-2-octyl glycosides confirmed that the absolute configuration of RhaN3N in E. coli O119 should be revised from D TO L.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Gene Order; Mannose; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; O Antigens; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 20964722
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00745.x -
Reviews on Environmental Health 2009Increasing economic and recreational opportunities, attractive scenery and a perception of a better quality of life are luring people to the coast. Unfortunately, these...
Increasing economic and recreational opportunities, attractive scenery and a perception of a better quality of life are luring people to the coast. Unfortunately, these activities together with the commensurate increase in population in the area inevitably result in pollution of coastal waters with excessive microorganisms and other pollutants. Microbial pollutants not only contaminate the coastal water but also aquatic food sources, thus posing a health risk to consumers. Fish is a major source of protein in Cameroon, especially in the coastal areas. In this study, we investigated the microbiological quality of fish from the Limbe and Tiko beaches in South West Cameroon from May to October 2007. We isolated human pathogenic bacteria from three anatomic sites (skin, gills, intestine) of 50 fish (150 specimens) and investigated their susceptibility patterns to a battery of antibiotics. Data were analyzed statistically using chi2 with significance set at p < .05. Eleven bacterial species were identified, including Escherichia coli type 1 (20.8%), Citrobacter fruendii (16.4%), Proteus vulgaris (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.1%), Klebsiella ozaenae (7.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.2%), Klebsiella oxytoca (5.8%), Serratia marcescens (4.8%), Serratia odorifera (4.8%), Hafnia alvei (4.4%) and Proteus penneri (2.9%). More contaminated fish were found at Limbe beach than at Tiko beach (61.4% versus 38.6%, respectively (p < .05)). When ranking contamination with respect to anatomic site, skin was the most contaminated (40.6%) specimen and gills the least (28.5%). Ciprofloxacillin, ofloxacillin, and cotrimoxazole were the most effective antibiotics against all isolates, exhibiting 100% sensitivity. Almost half of the isolates (45.7%) were resistant to ampicillin. The results of our study demonstrate that fish from the coastal waters of South West Cameroon are a source of human pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria; hence this finding has public health implications.
Topics: Animals; Bathing Beaches; Cameroon; Enterobacteriaceae; Fishes; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oceans and Seas; Phenotype; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution
PubMed: 19658320
DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.2.147 -
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of uncommon bacterial species causing severe infections in Italy.Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence,... Jun 2009This study presents the results of the italian "Severe infections project" involving bacteria that can be considered rare causes of disease. we isolated 30 uncommon...
This study presents the results of the italian "Severe infections project" involving bacteria that can be considered rare causes of disease. we isolated 30 uncommon human pathogens from a total of 60 strains (1.2% of all the isolates). The most frequent sources of uncommon human pathogens were primary bloodstream infections (48.3%) and pneumonia (20%). Species such as Comamonas testosteroni, Enterococcus hirae, Kluyvera ascorbata, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Ochrobactrum anthropi were recovered from bacteremia patients. Clinically useful antimicrobial agents were tested against each isolate. Resistance to 4 or more antibiotics tested was found in Achromobacter xylosoxidans, O. anthropi, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Citrobacter braakii, Enterobacter sakazakii, K. ascorbata, Proteus penneri and Serratia plymuthica. About 16% of the Gram-negative species were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and 28.6% of the staphylococci were oxacillin-resistant. the results from this study offer indications for empirical therapy for severe infections from uncommon human pathogens.
Topics: Bacteremia; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Italy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 19567344
DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.253 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods Apr 2009Proteus is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium. In this study, 813 Proteus 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were determined from 46...
Proteus is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium. In this study, 813 Proteus 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were determined from 46 Proteus strains, including 388 ITS from 22 P. mirabilis strains, 211 ITS from 12 P. vulgaris strains, 169 ITS from 10 P. penneri strains, and 45 ITS from 2 P. myxofaciens strains. The Proteus strains carry mainly two types of ITS, ITS(Glu) (containing tRNA(Glu (UUC)) gene) and ITS(Ile+Ala) (containing tRNA(Ile (GAU)) and tRNA(Ala (UGC)) gene), and are in the forms of 28 variants with 25 genomic origins. The ITS sequences are a mosaic-like structure consisting of three conservative regions and two variable regions. The nucleotide identity of ITS subtypes in strains of the same species ranges from 96.2% to 100%. The divergence of Proteus ITS divergence was most likely due to intraspecies recombinations or horizontal transfers of sequence blocks. The phylogenetic relationship deduced from the second variable region of ITS sequences of the three facultative human pathogenic species P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. penneri is similar with that based on 16S rDNA sequences, but has higher resolution to differentiate closely related P. vulgaris and P. penneri. This study is the first comprehensive study of ITS in four Proteus species and laid solid foundation for the development of high-throughput technology for quick and accurate identification of the important foodborne and nosocomial pathogens.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proteus; Proteus Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 19318046
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.01.024 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Nov 2008Two Proteus mirabilis strains, 3 B-m and 3 B-k, were isolated from urine and faeces of a hospitalized patient from Lodz, Poland. It was suggested that one strain...
Two Proteus mirabilis strains, 3 B-m and 3 B-k, were isolated from urine and faeces of a hospitalized patient from Lodz, Poland. It was suggested that one strain originated from the other, and the presence of the bacilli in the patient's urinary tract was most probably a consequence of autoinfection. The O-polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of P. mirabilis 3 B-m and studied by sugar analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including two-dimensional rotating frame Overhause effect spectroscopy (ROESY) and 1H,13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) experiments. The following structure of the linear trisaccharide-repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide was established:-->2)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-L-6dTalp2Ac-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->where 6dTal2Ac stands for 2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-L-talose. It resembles the structure of the O-polysaccharide of Proteus penneri O66, which includes additional lateral residues of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-mannose. The lipopolysaccharides from two P. mirabilis strains studied were serologically identical to each other but not to that from any of the existing 76 Proteus O-serogroups. Therefore, the strains were classified into a new O77 serogroup specially created in the genus Proteus. Serological studies using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with intact and adsorbed O-antisera showed that the P. mirabilis O77 antigen is related to Proteus vulgaris O2 and P. penneri O68 antigens, and a putative disaccharide epitope responsible for the cross-reactivity was revealed.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; DNA Fingerprinting; Feces; Female; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Serotyping; Urine
PubMed: 18665848
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2008.00462.x -
Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae... 2008Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core regions are characterized by a greater structural variability than that observed in other Enterobacteriaceae. This fact and...
INTRODUCTION
Proteus penneri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core regions are characterized by a greater structural variability than that observed in other Enterobacteriaceae. This fact and the small amount of published data concerning the serological activity of this part of P. penneri LPS prompted an examination of which fragment might determine cross-reactions with antibodies. To date, such epitopes have been found in the LPS core regions of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris strains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Proteus sp. LPSs were tested with unabsorbed rabbit antisera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot, and once again by ELISA or passive immunohemolysis after the absorption of these antisera with selected LPSs.
RESULTS
The serological studies of P. penneri 8 LPS demonstrated antibodies in the tested antisera recognizing a common epitope located in the core regions of six of the LPSs, i.e. P. penneri 8, 34, 133, 7, 14, and 15. Additionally, another type of antibody directed against some fragment of P. penneri 13 and the core regions of other LPSs investigated was observed in one antiserum.
CONCLUSIONS
A distal, trisaccharide fragment of the P. penneri 8 LPS core region is suggested to determine the cross-reactions of the tested antisera with the six P. penneri LPSs.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Blotting, Western; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epitopes; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus penneri; Rabbits
PubMed: 18373243
DOI: 10.1007/s00005-008-0012-7