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NMR in Biomedicine Apr 2024The standard treatment in glioblastoma includes maximal safe resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. The first...
The standard treatment in glioblastoma includes maximal safe resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. The first follow-up study to evaluate treatment response is performed 1 month after concomitant treatment, when contrast-enhancing regions may appear that can correspond to true progression or pseudoprogression. We retrospectively evaluated 31 consecutive patients at the first follow-up after concomitant treatment to check whether the metabolic pattern assessed with multivoxel MRS was predictive of treatment response 2 months later. We extracted the underlying metabolic patterns of the contrast-enhancing regions with a blind-source separation method and mapped them over the reference images. Pattern heterogeneity was calculated using entropy, and association between patterns and outcomes was measured with Cramér's V. We identified three distinct metabolic patterns-proliferative, necrotic, and responsive, which were associated with status 2 months later. Individually, 70% of the patients showed metabolically heterogeneous patterns in the contrast-enhancing regions. Metabolic heterogeneity was not related to the regions' size and only stable patients were less heterogeneous than the rest. Contrast-enhancing regions are also metabolically heterogeneous 1 month after concomitant treatment. This could explain the reported difficulty in finding robust pseudoprogression biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; Follow-Up Studies; Retrospective Studies; Dacarbazine; Chemoradiotherapy; Disease Progression; Brain Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38213096
DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5095 -
Journal of Neuro-oncology Jan 2024In this study we gathered and analyzed the available evidence regarding 17 different imaging modalities and performed network meta-analysis to find the most effective... (Review)
Review
Umbrella review and network meta-analysis of diagnostic imaging test accuracy studies in Differentiating between brain tumor progression versus pseudoprogression and radionecrosis.
PURPOSE
In this study we gathered and analyzed the available evidence regarding 17 different imaging modalities and performed network meta-analysis to find the most effective modality for the differentiation between brain tumor recurrence and post-treatment radiation effects.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive systematic search on PubMed and Embase. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) instrument. For each meta-analysis, we recalculated the effect size, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio from the individual study data provided in the original meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Imaging technique comparisons were then assessed using NMA. Ranking was assessed using the multidimensional scaling approach and by visually assessing surface under the cumulative ranking curves.
RESULTS
We identified 32 eligible studies. High confidence in the results was found in only one of them, with a substantial heterogeneity and small study effect in 21% and 9% of included meta-analysis respectively. Comparisons between MRS Cho/NAA, Cho/Cr, DWI, and DSC were most studied. Our analysis showed MRS (Cho/NAA) and 18F-DOPA PET displayed the highest sensitivity and negative likelihood ratios. 18-FET PET was ranked highest among the 17 studied techniques with statistical significance. APT MRI was the only non-nuclear imaging modality to rank higher than DSC, with statistical insignificance, however.
CONCLUSION
The evidence regarding which imaging modality is best for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and post-treatment radiation effects is still inconclusive. Using NMA, our analysis ranked FET PET to be the best for such a task based on the available evidence. APT MRI showed promising results as a non-nuclear alternative.
Topics: Humans; Brain Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Network Meta-Analysis; Radiation Injuries; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 38212574
DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04528-8 -
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2024The microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype is related to a deficiency of the DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system and is observed in 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers... (Review)
Review
The microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype is related to a deficiency of the DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system and is observed in 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs). MSI/dMMR phenotype testing should be routine for all CRCs regardless of stage. Two complementary techniques with a high concordance (90-97%) allow us to determine the MSI/dMMR status of a tumor: immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Since 2020 and the results of the phase III KEYNOTE 177 trial, pembrolizumab [anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)] is the new standard of care in first-line MSI/dMMR mCRC. To date, no combination of chemtotherapy ± targeted therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been validated in the management of MSI/dMMR mCRC, and it is not known whether this combination would be beneficial. It is also unclear whether dual therapy with two ICIs is more effective than monotherapy. Several phase III trials are ongoing to answer these questions. Despite a high response rate and long-term benefit of a first line by anti-PD1, 30-50% of patients with MSI/dMMR mCRC experience an early or secondary progression. There are currently no validated predictive biomarkers of anti-PD1 ± anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 resistance in patients with MSI/dMMR mCRC. In case of early progression on ICIs, the first two questions to consider are the possibility of pseudoprogression and the correct diagnosis of MSI/dMMR status. To date, there are no data on the use of adjuvant ICIs for MSI/dMMR resected colon cancers. By contrast, data are accumulating regarding the efficacy of neoadjuvant ICIs, with at least two-thirds of patients in the different trials in pathological complete response, making it possible to envisage 'Watch and wait' strategies in future.
PubMed: 38205076
DOI: 10.1177/17588359231170473 -
Cancers Dec 2023The follow-up of glioma patients after therapeutic intervention remains a challenging topic, as therapy-related changes can emulate true progression in contrast-enhanced... (Review)
Review
F-Fluoroethyl-L Tyrosine Positron Emission Tomography Radiomics in the Differentiation of Treatment-Related Changes from Disease Progression in Patients with Glioblastoma.
The follow-up of glioma patients after therapeutic intervention remains a challenging topic, as therapy-related changes can emulate true progression in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. F-fluoroethyl-tyrosine (F-FET) is a radiopharmaceutical that accumulates in glioma cells due to an increased expression of L-amino acid transporters and, contrary to gadolinium, does not depend on blood-brain barrier disruption to reach tumoral cells. It has demonstrated a high diagnostic value in the differentiation of tumoral viability and pseudoprogression or any other therapy-related changes, especially when combining traditional visual analysis with modern radiomics. In this review, we aim to cover the potential role of 18F-FET positron emission tomography in everyday clinical practice when applied to the follow-up of patients after the first therapeutical intervention, early response evaluation, and the differential diagnosis between therapy-related changes and progression.
PubMed: 38201621
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010195 -
Immunotherapy Mar 2024A consensus guideline, iRECIST, was developed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) working group for the use of the modified RECIST version 1.1... (Review)
Review
A consensus guideline, iRECIST, was developed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) working group for the use of the modified RECIST version 1.1 in cancer immunotherapy trials. iRECIST was designed to separate pseudoprogression from real progression. However, this is not the only ambiguous situation. In clinical immunotherapy trials, stable disease may reflect three tumor responses, including real stable disease, progressive disease and responsive disease. The prediction of a " is also important. Much data has accumulated showing that ctDNA can guide decisions at this point; thus, integrating ctDNA into the RECIST 1.1 criteria may help to distinguish a true tumor response type earlier in patients treated with immunotherapy; however, prospectively designed validation studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Pathologic Complete Response; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
PubMed: 38197142
DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0184 -
Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) Jan 2024Immunotherapeutic agents and in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have opened up extensive new therapeutic possibilities in oncology over the last decade....
Immunotherapeutic agents and in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have opened up extensive new therapeutic possibilities in oncology over the last decade. For numerous entities these substances have improved the clinical outcome, sometimes as monotherapy but also in combination with cytostatic or targeted treatment. In routine clinical practice the type of radiological response often differs from what is seen under cytostatic treatment: a mixed response of individual lesions is more frequently observed and occasionally also a response after an initial progress (so-called pseudoprogression). Furthermore, there is a diverse spectrum of toxicity in the form of immune-related adverse events (irAE), which is observed in large temporal variability to the application. Therefore, early detection and rapid side effect management are essential.
Topics: Humans; Cytostatic Agents; Neoplasms; Immunologic Factors; Medical Oncology; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38189933
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01248-y -
BioMed Research International 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4667117.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4667117.].
PubMed: 38188730
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9869137 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven to be highly sensitive in the early assessment of tumor response in gastrointestinal...
BACKGROUND
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven to be highly sensitive in the early assessment of tumor response in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), especially in cases where there is doubt or when the early prediction of the response could be clinically useful for patient management. As widely known, kinase mutations have an undoubtful predictive value for sensitivity to imatinib, and the inclusion of KIT and PDGFRa mutational analysis in the diagnostic workup of all GIST is now considered standard practice.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein, we described in detail a case of an exon 11 KIT mutated-metastatic GIST patient, who presented an unexpected metabolic progression at the early FDG-PET evaluation after 1 month of first-line imatinib, unconfirmed at the liver biopsy performed near after, which has conversely shown a complete pathological response.
CONCLUSIONS
This report aims to highlight the existence of this metabolic pseudoprogression in GIST at the beginning of imatinib therapy in order to avoid early treatment discontinuation. Therefore, an early metabolic progression during a molecular targeted therapy always deserves to be evaluated in the context of the disease molecular profiling, and in case of a discordant finding between functional imaging and molecular background, a short-term longitudinal control should be suggested.
PubMed: 38188286
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1310452 -
Journal of Proteome Research Feb 2024Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis due to insidious symptoms that make early diagnosis difficult. Despite...
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis due to insidious symptoms that make early diagnosis difficult. Despite the combination of multiple treatment modalities, the recurrence and mortality rates of ESCC remain high. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is an emerging treatment modality that improves the prognosis of patients with ESCC. However, owing to the presence of hyperprogression and pseudoprogression, the currently used methods cannot accurately evaluate the efficacy of this therapy in patients, thus creating an evaluation bias and depriving these patients of the opportunity to benefit. We used untargeted lipidomics to identify the differences in lipid composition between cancer specimens and normal tissue specimens in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with the immunotherapy group and the surgery-alone group of esophageal cancer patients and constructed a prediction model based on sphingomyelin 12:1;2/30:0 and triglyceride (TG) 60:3 | TG 18:0_24:1_18 using a machine learning approach, which helps to better evaluate the neoadjuvant efficacy of combination therapy and better guide the treatment of ESCC.
Topics: Humans; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Treatment Outcome; Lipidomics; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Esophagectomy; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38175711
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00527 -
Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis 2024In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have entered the treatment landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer, signalling a paradigm shift within the field... (Review)
Review
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have entered the treatment landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer, signalling a paradigm shift within the field characterized by significant survival benefits for patients with advanced and metastatic disease, and especially those with non-targetable genetic oncogenic driver mutations. However, the shift towards immune-based treatments has created new challenges in oncology. Atypical immunotherapy response patterns, including pseudo-progression and hyperprogressive disease, as well as immune-related adverse events have generated the need for new methods to predict patient response to treatment. Hence, new versions of the traditional Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors (RECIST) have emerged to help characterise with better accuracy radiological findings concerning patient response classification to immunotherapy. This review discusses response evaluation criteria relevant to unique radiological findings observed in patients treated with immunotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer.
PubMed: 38173660
DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10278