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China CDC Weekly Jul 2023
PubMed: 37520447
DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.121 -
IDCases 2023Psittacosis accounts for 1-2 % of community-acquired pneumonia. In recent years, reports of psittacosis are increasing. Most reported cases of psittacosis are sporadic....
Psittacosis accounts for 1-2 % of community-acquired pneumonia. In recent years, reports of psittacosis are increasing. Most reported cases of psittacosis are sporadic. Here, we report a familial cluster of five patients infected with in a northwest Chinese region and share our diagnosis and treatment experience. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, laboratory examinations of family cluster psittacosis were collected and analyzed. We closely followed up all the family members and analyzed their clinical outcome. Five cases of family clustered pneumonia were mainly characterized by fever, cough and fatigue. mNGS rapidly identified the infecting agent as in case 1 followed by RT-PCR analysis. A newly purchased pet parrot, which had diarrhea, was probably the primary source of infection. The main change of inflammation index in five patients was the decrease of lymphocyte counts. Chest CT showed peripheral or subpleural involvement of patchy high-density shadows with bronchial ventilation signs and blurred edges, mostly unilateral lesions. Five cases were completely cured with moxifloxacin and azithromycin. Our findings suggest that a familial cluster of infection maybe caused by contact with sick pet parrot or human to human transmission in one close family. For this community-acquired pneumonia, epidemiological characteristics and use of mNGS is very important for improving accuracy in the early diagnosis.
PubMed: 37492645
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01845 -
Microbial Genomics Jul 2023is a globally distributed veterinary pathogen with zoonotic potential. Although infections have been reported in various hosts, isolation and culture of is...
is a globally distributed veterinary pathogen with zoonotic potential. Although infections have been reported in various hosts, isolation and culture of is challenging, hampering efforts to produce contemporary global genomes. This is particularly evident in the lack of avian genomes from Australia and New Zealand. In this study, we used culture-independent probe-based whole-genome sequencing to expand the global genome catalogue. Here, we provide new genomes from two pigeons, six psittacines, and novel hosts such as the Australian bustard () and sooty shearwater () from Australia and New Zealand. We also evaluated genetic diversity using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and major outer membrane protein (A) genotyping on additional -positive samples from various captive avian hosts and field isolates from Australasia. We showed that the first genomes sequenced from New Zealand parrots and pigeons belong to the clonal sequence type (ST)24 and diverse 'pigeon-type' ST27 clade, respectively. Australian parrot-derived strains also clustered in the ST24 group, whereas the novel ST332 strain from the Australian bustard clustered in a genetically diverse clade of strains from a fulmar, parrot, and livestock. MLST and A genotyping revealed ST24/A genotype A in wild and captive parrots and a sooty shearwater, whilst 'pigeon-types' (ST27/35 and A genotypes B/E) were found in pigeons and other atypical hosts, such as captive parrots, a little blue penguin/Kororā () and a zebra finch () from Australia and New Zealand. This study provides new insights into the global phylogenomic diversity of and further demonstrates the multi-host generalist capacity of this pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Chlamydophila psittaci; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Feathers; Australia; Psittacosis; Columbidae; Genomics
PubMed: 37486739
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001072 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2023T. Colcott Fox (1849-1916) first introduced in 1889 the term "figurate erythemas." According to the clinical pattern, figurate erythemas are annular, circinate,...
T. Colcott Fox (1849-1916) first introduced in 1889 the term "figurate erythemas." According to the clinical pattern, figurate erythemas are annular, circinate, concentric, polycyclic, or arciform. The most important figurate annulare erythemas are erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema marginatum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema migrans, erythema chronicum migrans, and the pediatric annular erythemas. Erythema annulare centrifugum might be due to fungal, bacterial, or viral infections or drugs. It tends to spread centrifugally while developing central clearing. The most common locations are the trunk and the proximal extremities. Individual lesions last from several days to weeks and may resolve spontaneously. Erythema marginatum is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, but it also might be seen as a symptom of other diseases such as hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency and psittacosis. The typical clinical picture is presented by serpiginous erythematous macules and plaques with central clearing and accentuated borders. Erythema gyratum repens is a figurate erythema associated with internal malignancy. It has been linked especially to lung, esophageal, and breast cancers. Erythema gyratum repens is characterized by multiple erythematous, rounded macules or papules, rapidly progressing and forming concentric bands with an unique wood-grained appearance with desquamation on the edges of the erythema. Erythema chronicum migrans is the most common sign of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species. It is characterized by a round or oval erythematous or livid macule with a central depressed or raised area on the spot of a previous tick bite. Erythema migrans grows centrifugally and slowly in a matter of days or weeks. Central clearing is observed in 60% of patients, thus forming a targetoid appearance of the lesion. Many other figurate erythemas can be observed in infancy (pediatric annular erythemas). To this group belong neonatal lupus, erythema gyratum atrophicans transiens neonatale, annular centrifugal erythema, familial annular erythema, annular erythema of infancy, eosinophilic annular erythema, and figurate neutrophilic erythema of infancy. The treatment of the various types of figurate erythemas should be etiologic, and when the underlying condition is addressed, the therapy usually is successful.
PubMed: 37433389
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.07.005 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023is a small bacterium often found in birds, including poultry, and domesticated mammals, which causes psittacosis (or parrot fever) in humans. Different strains of...
BACKGROUND
is a small bacterium often found in birds, including poultry, and domesticated mammals, which causes psittacosis (or parrot fever) in humans. Different strains of respond variably to antibiotics, suggesting a possible risk of antibiotic resistance. In general, different genotypes of have relatively stable hosts and different pathogenicity.
METHODS
Macrogenomic sequencing was performed using nucleic acids extracted from psittacosis patients' alveolar lavage fluid samples and analyzed for genetic variability and antibiotic resistance genes. Nucleic acid amplification sequences specific to the core coding region of the gene were used, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with genotypic sequences from other sources, including Chinese published sources. The found in each patient were genotyped by comparing gene sequences. In addition, to better illustrate the relationship between genotype and host of , 60 bird fecal samples were collected from bird-selling stores for screening and typing.
RESULTS
Macrogenomic sequence alignment revealed the presence of resistance genes in varying abundance in samples from all three patients, including resistance gene sequences from two patients that matched those previously published on NCBI. Based on genotyping, two patients were infected with genotype A and one patient was infected with genotype B. All five -positive samples obtained from bird-selling stores were genotype A. Both genotypes are reported to be infectious to humans. The host origin of the samples and the previously reported main sources of each genotype suggested that all but one of the genotype A in this study were derived from parrots, while genotype B was probably derived from chickens.
CONCLUSION
The presence of bacterial resistance genes in psittacosis patients may affect the efficacy of clinical antibiotic therapy. Focusing on the developmental progression of bacterial resistance genes and differences in the therapeutic efficacy may facilitate effective treatment of clinical bacterial infections. Pathogenicity genotypes (e.g., genotype A and genotype B) are not limited to one animal host, suggesting that monitoring the development and changes of may help prevent transmission to humans.
PubMed: 37425996
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182604 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023The incidence of infection has been reported to increase in recent years. The presentation of psittacosis infection varied widely, from none to severe symptoms....
The incidence of infection has been reported to increase in recent years. The presentation of psittacosis infection varied widely, from none to severe symptoms. Mainly, psittacosis infection presents with pulmonary manifestations. Here, we report the case of a 60-year-old female patient with pneumonia complicated by myocarditis. After administering antibiotics, the patient recovered from severe atypical pneumonia and myocarditis. In general, rarely induces myocarditis. Moreover, the optimal therapeutic strategies remain unclear for such cases, especially with a high troponin T level. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) can provide a quick and effective diagnosis of pneumonia; early intervention (antibiotic therapy and nutritional supplements for myocarditis) favors a good outcome, although complications may worsen the condition. Therefore, more studies are required to help improve understanding of the disease.
PubMed: 37409242
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S417241 -
Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery Jun 2023Avian chlamydiosis is a disease that occurs in birds, especially parrots, and is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium . Wild Animal Screening Centers in Brazil receive,...
Avian chlamydiosis is a disease that occurs in birds, especially parrots, and is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium . Wild Animal Screening Centers in Brazil receive, maintain, treat, and place (preferably to nature) wild animals recovered from illegal trafficking. We performed molecular testing for avian chlamydiosis in parrots from the genus that were presented to these centers. Cloacal swab samples were collected from 59 parrots ( species) and transported in aqueous or culture medium. The samples were subsequently submitted for DNA extraction by the boiling method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using CPF/CPR primers, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and poor body condition were the clinical signs associated with a differential disease diagnosis of avian chlamydiosis. Transport medium did not have an effect on the test results. The prevalence of in the samples was 37% (22/59, 95% confidence interval: 25-49). There was a significant ( = 0.009) association between the PCR test results and clinical signs. Follow-up testing was conducted on a subgroup of 14 individuals that initially tested negative on PCR; 50% (7/14) of these birds were found to be positive within 24 days of the first test. The results of this study confirm the feasibility of using the CPF/CFP primer-based PCR to detect in species, describe a less costly method of transporting biological material for DNA extraction, and evaluate the temporal aspect for obtaining positive results through molecular testing for in species.
Topics: Animals; Amazona; Brazil; Prevalence; Bird Diseases; Psittacosis; Chlamydophila psittaci; Animals, Wild; Birds; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; DNA
PubMed: 37358200
DOI: 10.1647/21-00075