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Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing May 2024During cancer treatment, oncology nurses emphasize patient and family education about coping strategies to manage adverse events such as gastrointestinal effects and...
During cancer treatment, oncology nurses emphasize patient and family education about coping strategies to manage adverse events such as gastrointestinal effects and fatigue. However, information about how to return to health.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Education as Topic; Cancer Survivors; Female; Healthy Lifestyle; Oncology Nursing; Adaptation, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Survivorship; Adult
PubMed: 38830250
DOI: 10.1188/24.CJON.318-322 -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Jan 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, gastrointestinal tract condition, in which pain is one of the most widespread and debilitating symptoms, yet research...
OBJECTIVES
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, gastrointestinal tract condition, in which pain is one of the most widespread and debilitating symptoms, yet research about how individuals make sense of their IBD pain is lacking. The current study aimed to explore how individuals with IBD understand their pain.
METHODS
Twenty participants, recruited via the Crohn's & Colitis UK charity, were interviewed about their understanding of their IBD pain using the Grid Elaboration Method that elicits free associations on which it invites elaboration. Thematic analysis was used to organise transcribed verbatim data.
RESULTS
Three related themes - and - comprising seven sub-themes, illustrated the ways in which participants made sense of pain experientially, multi-dimensionally, and in the broader context of IBD and its symptoms. The psychological impact of pain was evident across all interviews.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings are consistent with other research in IBD pain, demonstrating the importance of pain in IBD. Sense-making underpins both emotional and practical responses to pain and ideally is constructed as an integral part of clinical care of IBD.
Topics: Humans; Qualitative Research; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Pain; Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 38830082
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2024-0006 -
Psychological Methods Jun 2024We demonstrate that all conventional meta-analyses of correlation coefficients are biased, explain why, and offer solutions. Because the standard errors of the...
We demonstrate that all conventional meta-analyses of correlation coefficients are biased, explain why, and offer solutions. Because the standard errors of the correlation coefficients depend on the size of the coefficient, inverse-variance weighted averages will be biased even under ideal meta-analytical conditions (i.e., absence of publication bias, -hacking, or other biases). Transformation to Fisher's often greatly reduces these biases but still does not mitigate them entirely. Although all are small-sample biases ( < 200), they will often have practical consequences in psychology where the typical sample size of correlational studies is 86. We offer two solutions: the well-known Fisher's z-transformation and new small-sample adjustment of Fisher's that renders any remaining bias scientifically trivial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
PubMed: 38829357
DOI: 10.1037/met0000662 -
Haemophilia : the Official Journal of... Jun 2024To evaluate the impact of haemophilia A without inhibitors on humanistic outcomes in patients and caregivers. Herein, we report a cross-sectional analysis of the...
AIM
To evaluate the impact of haemophilia A without inhibitors on humanistic outcomes in patients and caregivers. Herein, we report a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of persons with haemophilia (PWH) participating in the prospective study HEMOLIFE.
METHODS
These data are part of a prospective, observational, and multicentre study currently being conducted in 20 hospitals in Spain by haematologists. We included subjects 12 years or older diagnosed with haemophilia. The evaluations included the Maladjustment Scale, Haemophilia-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (HaemoQol)/HaemoQol Short Form (Children), haemophilia-specific version of the Work Productivity and Impairment Questionnaire plus the Classroom Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI+CIQ:HS), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL)/Paediatric Haemophilia Activities List (pedHAL), visual analogue scale (VAS) for evaluating pain, Coping Pain Questionnaire-Reduced (CAD-R), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
RESULTS
A total of 81 PWH were recruited at 18 centres; 66 PWH were ≥18 years (i.e., adults), and PWH 15 were <18 years (i.e., paediatric patients). Out of the 79 evaluable subjects, 16 (20%) showed an impact of haemophilia on daily life, and the areas most affected were "leisure time" (58% showed maladjustment) and "work/studies" (47% showed maladjustment). Patients reported a higher impact of haemophilia on quality of life (mean [SD] of the transformed score) in the dimensions of "sport" (49.4 [28.6]), "physical health" (40.5 [25.8]) and "future" (37.7 [28.9]). In adults, according to HAL scores, greater impairment of function was observed in "lying/sitting/kneeling/standing," "function of legs" and "leisure activities and sports," with mean normalized scores of 64.7, 65.1 and 69.0, respectively. Productivity was mostly impacted by presenteeism. The pain was infrequent and moderate. According to the HADS scores, nine (11.5%) patients had clinical anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSION
PWH without inhibitors exhibited impairments in adjustment, quality of life and functionality, especially related to leisure and sports activities, and exhibit relevant levels of anxiety and depression.
PubMed: 38825766
DOI: 10.1111/hae.15057 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) May 2024Divorce is often considered a major and stressful life transition. Given that divorcees are overrepresented in primary care and there is a association between... (Review)
Review
Divorce is often considered a major and stressful life transition. Given that divorcees are overrepresented in primary care and there is a association between individuals' physical health and psychological adjustment, potential post-divorce health problems are of concern. Yet, empirical evidence is lacking on the magnitude of the overall physical health risk after divorce, on possible differences across specific pathologies, and on factors that may increase or reduce this risk. The current meta-analysis addresses these issues. We identified 94 studies including u = 248 relevant effect sizes, based on N = 1,384,507 participants. Generally, compared to married individuals, divorcees showed significantly worse self-reported health (OR = 1.20, [1.08-1.33]), experienced more physical symptoms (OR = 1.34, [1.17-1.53]), and had a higher risk for diabetes (OR = 1.18 [1.05-1.33]), joint pathologies (OR = 1.24, [1.14-1.34]), cardiovascular (OR = 1.24, [1.09-1.41]) and cerebrovascular conditions (OR = 1.31, [1.14-1.51]), and sexually transmitted diseases (OR = 2.48, [1.32-4.64]). However, they had no increased risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cancer development, disabilities or limitations, or cognitive pathologies. Nor did divorcees significantly differ from married individuals when aggregating all pathologies to measure overall physical health problems (OR = 1.14, [0.85 to 1.54]). Yet, moderation analyses revealed that being female, unemployed, childless, or having a lower education constitutes a higher risk for overall physical health problems after divorce. The same applied to having a heavy alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and being overweight. Our meta-analysis shows that divorcees are at heightened risk of certain pathologies, with sexually transmitted diseases as a particular post-divorce hazard. These findings call for more awareness among counsellors and physicians on divorcees' health conditions and the characteristics that make divorcees even more vulnerable to health problems.
PubMed: 38824838
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117005 -
Journal of Vascular Nursing : Official... Jun 2024Patient education utilizing nursing theory can enhance patient adherence to treatment and potentially decrease mortality rates. The objective of this investigation was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Patient education utilizing nursing theory can enhance patient adherence to treatment and potentially decrease mortality rates. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of Roy's adaptation Model-focused education on medication adherence and psychosocial compliance in hypertensive patients.
METHODS
This study was conducted in N = 60 hypertensive patients (n = 30 control group and n = 30 experimental group) based on a randomized controlled trial design. In the pre-test phase of the study, data was collected using the Patient Information Form, the medication adherence rating scale (MARS), and the psychosocial adjustment to illness scale-self-report (PAIS-SR). After the pre-test phase, the experimental group received hypertension education and the "Hypertension Education Booklet" for a duration of four weeks. No education was provided to the control group patients; only routine follow-ups were conducted. In the post-test phase (after four weeks), both groups were reassessed using MARS and PAIS-SR. After completing the study, the control group patients who volunteered to participate in the education were provided with hypertension education and the "Hypertension Education Booklet" for a duration of four weeks (n = 4).
RESULTS
The post-test measurements of patients in the experimental group (after 4 weeks of education) revealed an increase in the mean MARS scores (6.50 ± 0.86) and a significant decrease in the total and subscale mean scores of PAIS-SR (24.12 ± 7.08) (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in the control group patients.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study revealed that the education based on the Roy's Adaptation Model increased hypertensive individuals' medication adherence and physiological, psychological, and social adjustment to the disease.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The education based on the Roy's Adaptation Model seems to be effective in increasing patients' adherence to treatment and adjustment to the disease. This model can be used in various diseases and societies, since it increases adjustment to the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Female; Medication Adherence; Male; Patient Education as Topic; Middle Aged; Adaptation, Psychological; Antihypertensive Agents; Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38823977
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2024.01.003 -
Eating Behaviors May 2024The Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire (WREQ), designed for assessing distinct constructs of dietary restraint and disinhibition-related eating behaviors, has not been...
The Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire (WREQ), designed for assessing distinct constructs of dietary restraint and disinhibition-related eating behaviors, has not been validated in pregnancy. This secondary data analysis aimed to evaluate the WREQ's psychometrics in a diverse sample of pregnant women from the eMoms randomized controlled trial (N = 1399), randomly split for exploratory (EFA, n = 691) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 708). Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlation was used to examine internal consistency reliability. Sequential multiple regression analyses were used to assess criterion validity. EFA revealed three factors - dietary restraint, susceptibility to external cues, and emotional eating - accounting for 65.6 % of total variances. Parallel analysis confirmed a combination of two restraint subtypes (routine restraint and compensatory restraint). CFA showed that item 3 for assessing routine restraint had the lowest squared multiple correlation (0.22). The overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 demonstrated good internal consistency. Dietary restraint was negatively associated with the intake of energy (p = .03) and carbohydrates (p = .02), whereas susceptibility to external cues was positively associated with the intake of energy (p < .001), carbohydrates (p < .001), and total fat (p = .003). Additionally, emotional eating was positively associated with early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) after adjustment for covariates (p < .001). These findings confirmed the reliability of the WREQ, the construct validity for susceptibility to external cues and emotional eating, and demonstrated its criterion validity regarding nutritional intake in pregnant women.
PubMed: 38823372
DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101887 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Aug 2024A longitudinal observational study was conducted and aimed to examine the change in resilience among spousal caregivers of newly-diagnosed advanced cancer patients over... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
A longitudinal observational study was conducted and aimed to examine the change in resilience among spousal caregivers of newly-diagnosed advanced cancer patients over the first six months after initial treatment.
METHODS
In total, 312 Chinese spousal caregivers who were taking care of their patients with newly-diagnosed advanced cancer were recruited. The level of resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at the first month post-initial treatment (T1), three-month post-initial treatment (T2), and six-month post-initial treatment (T3). Latent growth modeling analyses were performed to examine changes in resilience using Mplus 8.3.
RESULTS
The mean scores of resilience in spousal caregivers were 54.01 ± 7.68 at T1, 56.20 ± 6.38 at T2, and 57.97 ± 6.70 at T3, respectively. Results of latent growth modeling indicated that spousal caregivers showed a significant increase in their resilience scores over the first six months post-treatment (Mean slope = 1.98, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant individual variation in the rate of changes in resilience scores allowed spouses to be categorized into two groups: 42.9% participants with fast growth and 57.1% participants with slight growth.
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the importance that new knowledge about change patterns of resilience in the nursing field is beneficial to reveal different psychosomatic health. Acknowledging that resilience is a dynamic process that changes over time, it is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor the psychological adjustment and focus of vulnerable caregivers, particularly spouses.
Topics: Humans; Caregivers; Female; Male; Resilience, Psychological; Middle Aged; China; Spouses; Neoplasms; Longitudinal Studies; Adult; Aged; Adaptation, Psychological
PubMed: 38823371
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111538 -
PloS One 2024To understand the experiences of informal carers and the impact of role and activity changes on their health and wellbeing. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To understand the experiences of informal carers and the impact of role and activity changes on their health and wellbeing.
METHODS
A systematic search of CINHAL, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies were eligible if they included informal stroke carers (≥18 years), used a qualitative methodology, explored the roles and valued activities of stroke carers, and were published in English. The 10-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies was used to assess methodological quality. The results of the included studies were thematically synthesised.
RESULTS
A total of 36 qualitative studies were included and four overarching themes were identified: (1) Life adjustment; (2) Changing role and identity; (3) Changing activities: From meaningful to purposeful; and (4) Understanding and supporting carers.
CONCLUSION
The sudden nature of stroke requires major readjustment in the carers life that has implications on their relationships, roles, and activities, subsequently impacting on their health and wellbeing. Health professionals and researchers should collaborate with stroke carers to identify their valued activities and implement realistic strategies to maintain these activities. Future interventions designed for carers should implement education about the importance of participating in valued activities and strategies to maintain these activities.
Topics: Humans; Caregivers; Stroke; Qualitative Research; Adaptation, Psychological; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38820455
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304501