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The Journal of Manual & Manipulative... Jun 2024To identify factors and barriers, which affect the utilisation of spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents.
Perceived factors and barriers affecting physiotherapists' decision to use spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents: an international survey.
OBJECTIVE
To identify factors and barriers, which affect the utilisation of spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents.
METHODS
Twenty-six international expert physiotherapists in manual therapy and paediatrics were invited to participate in a Delphi investigation using Qualtrics. In Round-1 physiotherapists selected from a list of factors and barriers affecting their decision to use spinal manipulation and mobilisation in the paediatric population and had opportunity to add to the list. Round-2 asked respondents to select as many factors and barriers that they agreed with, resulting in a frequency count. The subset of responses to questions around barriers and facilitators are the focus of this study.
RESULTS
Twelve physiotherapists completed both rounds of the survey. Medical diagnosis, mechanism of injury, patient presentation, tolerance to handling, and therapist's knowledge of techniques were the dominant deciding factors to use spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents across spinal levels. More than 90% of the respondents selected manipulation as inappropriate among infants as their top barrier. Additional dominant barriers to using spinal manipulation among infants and children identified by ≥ 75% of the respondents included fear of injuring the patient, fear of litigation, lack of communication, lack of evidence, lack of guardian consent, and precision of the examination to inform clinical reasoning.
CONCLUSION
This international survey provides much needed insight regarding the factors and barriers physiotherapists should consider when contemplating the utilisation of spinal mobilisation and manipulation in the paediatric population.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Manipulation, Spinal; Physical Therapists; Infant; Female; Delphi Technique; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Child, Preschool; Clinical Decision-Making; Attitude of Health Personnel; Adult
PubMed: 38940281
DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2363033 -
The International Journal of Eating... Jun 2024Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with high BMI and predicts binge-eating disorder and obesity onset with age. Research on the etiology of this common...
OBJECTIVE
Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with high BMI and predicts binge-eating disorder and obesity onset with age. Research on the etiology of this common comorbidity has not explored the potential for shared genetic risk. This study examined genetic and environmental influences on LOC eating and its shared influence with BMI.
METHOD
Participants were 499 monozygotic and 398 same-sex dizygotic twins (age = 17.38 years ± 0.67, BMIz = 0.03 ± 1.03, 54% female) from the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence Study. LOC eating was assessed dichotomously. Self-reported height and weight were converted to BMIz. Univariate and bivariate twin models estimated genetic and environmental influences on LOC eating and BMIz.
RESULTS
More girls (21%) than boys (9%, p < 0.001) reported LOC eating. The phenotypic correlation with BMIz was 0.03 in girls and 0.18 in boys. Due to the nonsignificant phenotypic correlation in girls, bivariate twin models were fit in boys only. Across all models, the best-fitting model included genetic and unique environmental effects. Genetic factors accounted for 0.51 (95% CI: 0.23, 0.73) of the variance of LOC eating in girls and 0.54 (0.18, 0.90) in boys. The genetic correlation between LOC eating and BMIz in boys was 0.45 (0.15, 0.75).
DISCUSSION
Findings indicate moderate heritability of LOC eating in adolescence, while emphasizing the role of unique environmental factors. In boys, LOC eating and BMIz share a proportion of their genetic influences.
PubMed: 38940253
DOI: 10.1002/eat.24245 -
Autism Research : Official Journal of... Jun 2024Developmental antecedents of autism may affect parent-infant interactions (PII), altering the context in which core social skills develop. While studies have identified...
Developmental antecedents of autism may affect parent-infant interactions (PII), altering the context in which core social skills develop. While studies have identified differences in PII between infants with and without elevated likelihood (EL) for autism, samples have been small. Here, we examined whether previously reported differences are replicable. From a longitudinal study of 113 EL and 27 typical likelihood infants (TL), 6-min videotaped unstructured PII was blind rated at 8 and 14 months on eight interactional qualities. Autism outcome was assessed at 36 months. Linear mixed-effects models found higher parent sensitive responsiveness, nondirectiveness, and mutuality ratings in TL than EL infants with and without later autism. PII qualities at 8 (infant positive affect, parent directiveness) and 14 months (infant attentiveness to parent, mutuality) predicted 3-year autism. Attentiveness to parent decreased between 8 and 14 months in EL infants with later autism. This larger study supports previous findings of emerging alterations in PII in this group and extends on this by detecting earlier (8-month) predictive effects of PII for autism outcome and a more marked trajectory of decreased social attentiveness. The findings strengthen the evidence base to support the implementation of early preemptive interventions to support PII in infants with early autism signs.
PubMed: 38940216
DOI: 10.1002/aur.3190 -
Aggressive Behavior Jun 2024Aggressive behaviors have been related to approach/avoidance tendencies. In our current study, we investigated whether approach/avoidance tendencies for angry versus...
Aggressive behaviors have been related to approach/avoidance tendencies. In our current study, we investigated whether approach/avoidance tendencies for angry versus fearful emotional expressions were differentially predictive of children's reactive and proactive aggression. A total of 116 children (58 girls, M = 10.90, standard deviation SD = 0.98) completed an approach/avoidance task (AAT) and a stimulus-response compatibility task (SRCT), both measuring the extent to which they tended to approach or avoid angry and fearful facial expressions relative to neutral facial expressions. Children also completed a self-report scale of reactive and proactive aggression. Although none of the approach/avoidance tendency scores correlated significantly with either of the aggression scores, stronger approach tendencies for angry faces and stronger avoidance tendencies for fearful faces in the AAT predicted more reactive aggression. Similar yet nonsignificant results were found for proactive aggression, but no effects were replicated in the SRCT. Our results thus invite the conclusion that reactive aggression is characterized by a tendency to approach angry faces and a tendency to avoid fearful faces. However, the poor discrimination between both types of aggression as well as the lack of convergence between the results of our two measures of approach/avoidance tendencies indicates that further research is needed to establish the role of approach/avoidance tendencies for emotional faces as markers for childhood aggression.
Topics: Humans; Aggression; Female; Male; Child; Facial Expression; Anger; Fear; Avoidance Learning; Child Behavior
PubMed: 38940213
DOI: 10.1002/ab.22162 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Jun 2024Climate anxiety is increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Are climate-anxious adolescents prone to engage in pro-environmental behavior? Or might the...
BACKGROUND
Climate anxiety is increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Are climate-anxious adolescents prone to engage in pro-environmental behavior? Or might the association between climate anxiety and pro-environmental be curvilinear, such that high levels of climate anxiety become 'paralyzing'? And do these associations depend on whether adolescents believe that, with effort, the worst impacts of climate change can still be prevented?
METHODS
We addressed these questions in three studies (two preregistered; combined N = 2,211), conducted across two countries. We used cross-sectional and longitudinal methods, and various measures of climate anxiety and pro-environmental behavior. We performed Bayesian regression analyses comparing two models that tested competing hypotheses. The first model included a linear effect of climate anxiety on pro-environmental behavior, and the second model included both a linear and a curvilinear (i.e. inverted U-shaped) effect of climate anxiety on pro-environmental behavior. Next, we added environmental efficacy to the best fitting model and explored its moderating effects.
RESULTS
Adolescents reported low-to-moderate levels of climate anxiety. Across the board, we found evidence for a small, positive, and mostly linear (rather than curvilinear) association between climate anxiety and pro-environmental behavior. While Study 1 supported a curvilinear association (Bayes Factor (BF) = 18.87), Studies 2 and 3 mostly supported a linear model (BFs range 6.86-12.71), except for weak support (BF = 1.62) for a curvilinear association between climate anxiety symptoms and public sphere pro-environmental behavior. Adolescents' environmental efficacy moderated this link for public sphere (e.g. activism), but not private sphere (e.g. recycling), pro-environmental behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Climate-anxious adolescents are prone to engage in pro-environmental behavior. We found limited evidence for 'eco-paralysis' (i.e. a passive state of pro-environmental behavioral stasis) at high levels of climate anxiety. Our results are consistent with the possibility that supporting adolescents' environmental efficacy will help climate-anxious adolescents engage in public sphere pro-environmental behavior.
PubMed: 38940197
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14035 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Due to educational migration to Poland, students from Ukraine and Belarus may experience security to varying degrees. The aim of the study was to check the extent to...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Due to educational migration to Poland, students from Ukraine and Belarus may experience security to varying degrees. The aim of the study was to check the extent to which people from Ukraine and Belarus studying in Lublin feel safe, taking into account their own life and health. An attempt was also made to establish the relationship between the sense of security and selected features of the surveyed students.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was conducted using a survey method among 403 students from Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. Eight independent variables were introduced into the analysis of relationships: gender, age, self-assessment of the financial situation, country of origin, place of origin, place of residence during studies, and year of study. The dependency analysis used Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallisau tests and CATREG optimal scaling analysis.
RESULTS
The study showed that both Polish and foreign students assessed the level of safety in Poland and during their studies in Lublin as high. They feel safer during the day than after dark. Polish students are more afraid of theft, rape and being hit by a car than students from Belarus and Ukraine, and students from Ukraine are more afraid of verbal abuse. The predictors influencing students' sense of insecurity are, among others, their financial situation and gender.
CONCLUSIONS
The conducted research and analysis of the obtained results suggest that the situation of students from Ukraine and Belarus studying in Lublin, Poland, in terms of safety, is similar to that of Polish students, and even better in some aspects. This result suggests that Lublin is a friendly academic centre for students from across the eastern border of Poland.
Topics: Humans; Poland; Ukraine; Republic of Belarus; Male; Female; Young Adult; Students; Adult; Safety; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Eastern European People
PubMed: 38940113
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/189598 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Subtalar arthroereisis is a procedure commonly performed in children with flat feet. The procedure is performed when conservative treatment did not have the desired...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Subtalar arthroereisis is a procedure commonly performed in children with flat feet. The procedure is performed when conservative treatment did not have the desired effect,or when the patient's abnormal symptoms are very severe and make it difficult for them to function normally in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess whether subtalar arthroereisis and physiotherapy improve the quality of life among children with flat feet.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study comprised 79 patients (140 operated feet) diagnosed with a flat foot defect who underwent a subtalar arthroereisis procedure. A self-administered questionnaire and a shortened version of the standardised WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used in the research.
RESULTS
The study confirmed that the patients' quality of life after surgery was high in all the areas regarding the somatic, psychological, social and environmental domains. In the group of children assessed 13-24 months after surgery. it was also found that rapid fatigue after exercise (30% ± 9%) and Achilles tendon contracture (7% ± 4%) were significantly reduced. The results of the study confirmed that subtalar arthroereisis contributes to a decreased demand for orthoses in children (9% ± 6%) and for orthopaedic footwear (11% ± 5%) than before surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
The employment of subtalars arthroereisis has a positive effect on the quality of life of children with flat feet. The surgery contributes to a reduction in pain and other abnormal symptoms that are associated with flat feet. In addition, physiotherapy performed after the procedure had a positive effect on the healing process and contributed to the improvement of the children's quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Child; Flatfoot; Female; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Subtalar Joint; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38940112
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/173220 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for binge-watching (BW) among Polish medical and non-medical students.
Turn on the screen, turn off the loneliness - analysis of risk factors for binge-watching among Polish medical and non-medical students. A web-based cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for binge-watching (BW) among Polish medical and non-medical students.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A STROBE-compliant cross-sectional observational study, was carried out in Poland from July 2022 - March 2023. The web-based survey consisted of a personal questionnaire, a Binge-Watching Behaviour Questionnaire, a Scale of Motivation for Watching TV Series, a shortened version of the Ryff Well-Being Scale, and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Inclusion criteria were being a student and providing informed consent to participate. The study involved 726 respondents (70.5% female) with an average age of 22.41 (SD=3.89), including 308 (44%) medical students.
RESULTS
In the group of Polish medical students, the regression model was well-fitted F(10,287)=30.189; p<0.001, R2=0.496, and the risk factors were escape motivation (β=0.416; p<0.001), psychological well-being (β=-0.165; p=0.003), emotional loneliness (β=0.152; p=0.014), and social loneliness (β=-0.118; p=0.031). Among Polish students of other majors, the regression model was well-fitted F(10,378)=46.188; p<0.001, R2=0.538, and the influence of escape motivation (β=0.456; p<0.001), entertainment motivation (β=0.258; p<0.001), the psychological well-being of students (β=-0.134; p=0.004), and emotional loneliness (β=0.111; p=0.032) was demonstrated.
CONCLUSIONS
Students are in a high-risk group for behavioural addiction known as binge-watching. Emotional loneliness, the desire to escape from everyday life problems, and reduced psychological well-being intensified binge-watching in all the studied groups. Entertainment motivation and social loneliness differentiated the groups of Polish medical and non-medical students in terms of BW risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Poland; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Loneliness; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Students, Medical; Adult; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Television; Internet
PubMed: 38940111
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/183779 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Women in pathological pregnancy are a group of patients especially exposed to the risk of occurrence of psychological complications. The aim of the study was assessment...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Women in pathological pregnancy are a group of patients especially exposed to the risk of occurrence of psychological complications. The aim of the study was assessment of the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders, and the relationship between the intensity of symptoms and social support.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group were 300 patients hospitalized in the Department of Pathology of Pregnancy. The study was conducted using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviours (ISSB), and an author-constructed socio-demographic questionnaire.
RESULTS
The level of State Anxiety (STAI) was higher in respondents from the study group, compared to the control group. The level of anxiety (HADS-A) was higher in the control group than in women from the study group. The level of social informational support was higher in those from the control group, compared to those from the study group. The level of emotional support was lower in respondents from the study group, compared to those from the control group. Instrumental support negatively correlated with the symptoms of depression among women in physiological pregnancy. The lack of evaluative support statistically significantly correlated with anxiety among women hospitalized before labour.
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained suggest the necessity for the substantive preparation of medical and psychological staff employed in departments of pathology of pregnancy to provide proper emotional and informational support for hospitalized women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Social Support; Depression; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Young Adult; Pregnancy Complications; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38940110
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/183424 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2024Primary school pupils aged 10-12 years constitute an interesting consumer group due to their greater autonomy in the area of nutrition, compared to the younger group of...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Primary school pupils aged 10-12 years constitute an interesting consumer group due to their greater autonomy in the area of nutrition, compared to the younger group of children, among other things, due to their 'pocket money' and the greater influence of their peer group. However, this is an age group at high risk of inadequate nutrition, eating disorders, including those related to obesity and underweight. Hence, the aim of the study was to explore the attitudes of pupils aged 10-12 years towards food and nutrition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted using the Focus Group Interview (FGI) technique among 84 primary school pupils from different localities in Poland.
RESULTS
Pupils had moderate knowledge of food and nutrition but did not consistently apply this knowledge in practice. Four pupils' profiles were identified, categorized as 'engaged,' 'obedient,' 'rebels,' and 'indifferent,' based on their level of involvement and awareness of proper nutrition. Lunch was the most regularly consumed meal, sometimes eaten twice a day (at school and at home), while first breakfast was skipped the most frequently, mainly because of lack of time and morning rush. Pupils accurately identified recommended and not recommended food products, but lacked an understanding of their importance for health. Pupils' emotional state increased the consumption of salty snacks, sweets, and fast food, and to a lesser extent, seeds, vegetables, and fruit. Pupils reported engaging in moderate physical activity, although they also spent a significant amount of time on the internet or watching TV.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary school pupils aged 10-12 years represented a relatively good level of knowledge about adequate nutrition; nevertheless, they did not follow these recommendations in practice.
Topics: Humans; Child; Male; Students; Poland; Female; Schools; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Focus Groups; Feeding Behavior; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38940107
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/176350