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JAMA Network Open Jun 2024Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few...
IMPORTANCE
Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available.
OBJECTIVE
To assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.
EXPOSURE
Gender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Experience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.
RESULTS
In total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Intimate Partner Violence; Adult; Transgender Persons; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; California; Sex Offenses; Young Adult; Physical Abuse; Adolescent; Surveys and Questionnaires; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38916887
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19137 -
PloS One 2024Recent research in economics and sociology demonstrates the existence of significant occupational segregation by sexual orientation and gender identity and differences...
Recent research in economics and sociology demonstrates the existence of significant occupational segregation by sexual orientation and gender identity and differences in a range of labor market outcomes, such as hiring chances, earnings, and leadership positions. In this paper, we examine one possible cause of these differences that is associated with the disadvantaged position of sexual and gender minorities in the labor market: LGBTQ* individuals' choices aimed at avoiding possible discrimination. This paper examines LGBTQ* people's relative importance of income, time, promotion prospects, an LGBTQ*-friendly work environment, and diversity management in the decision for or against a job. Based on a discrete choice experiment conducted in a large online sample recruited through social media in Germany (N = 4,507), an LGBTQ*-friendly work climate accounted, on average, for 33.8 percent of respondents' decisions which is comparable with the relative importance of income. Overtime, a diversity management on company level and promotion prospects are less important in the job decision process of LGBTQ* people. While the results show only small differences by sexual orientation, they show group-specific preferences by gender identity. An LGBTQ*-friendly work climate is more important for cisgender women of the LGBTQ* community and gender minorities than for cisgender men of the LGBTQ* community. In contrast, income is less important for gender minorities and cisgender women of the LGBTQ* community than for cisgender men of the LGBTQ* community.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Adult; Workplace; Germany; Career Choice; Middle Aged; Employment; Choice Behavior; Gender Identity; Young Adult; Working Conditions
PubMed: 38913684
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296419 -
Rivista Di Psichiatria 2024The Standards of Care (SOC-8) by the World Professional Association for Trans Health provide guidelines for the care of transgender and gender diverse individuals...
AIM
The Standards of Care (SOC-8) by the World Professional Association for Trans Health provide guidelines for the care of transgender and gender diverse individuals through safe and effective multi-professional interventions for physical and mental well-being. The aim of this work is to summarize the SOC-8 recommendations for childhood and adolescence, highlighting the importance of psychosocial assessment and available medical and surgical therapeutic options, and emphasizing the need for healthcare provider training.
METHODS
The SOC-8 recommendations are based on scientific evidence and professional consensus from experts in transgender health, developing classification criteria and access to therapies, based on systematic literature reviews (PubMed and Embase).
RESULTS
The SOC-8 underscores the importance of assessing and preserving gender identity, supporting prepubescent individuals from a psychosocial perspective, and ensuring adolescents access to medically and surgically conforming treatments according to local legislation. It is the responsibility of healthcare providers to understand and adapt international guidelines for an inclusive clinical practice of gender diversity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Gender affirmation therapies in minors require comprehensive evaluation, parental involvement, and consideration of their cognitive and emotional maturity. Treatments should also focus on preserving fertility and accessing medicalized treatments which are beneficial to the well-being of transgender and gender diverse individuals.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Adolescent; Male; Female; Mental Health; Child; Minors; Gender Identity; Health Services Accessibility; Standard of Care; Sex Reassignment Procedures
PubMed: 38912756
DOI: 10.1708/4288.42695 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jun 2024GP confidence and competence in relation to gender diversity and the discussion of related matters remains relatively unknown. Despite increasing demand on primary care...
BACKGROUND
GP confidence and competence in relation to gender diversity and the discussion of related matters remains relatively unknown. Despite increasing demand on primary care in dealing with matters of gender identity; contention and confusion are unfortunately widely reported amongst doctors.
AIM
We sought to formally evaluate the level of GP training and gauge desire for further training in relation to the discussion of pronouns with patients.
METHOD
We used a structured questionnaire that was sent out to GPs in Oxfordshire, facilitated by a mailing list used by the Primary Care Undergraduate Teaching Department at the University of Oxford. Additionally, we performed structured individual interviews with GPs in Oxford, who provided their contact details and expressed interest when completing the questionnaire.
RESULTS
Fourty-four GPs responded and completed the questionnaire, five of whom agreed to participate in a structured interview. Most GPs (61%) had not received any formal training. Despite this, 68% of GPs did not want more formal training in the field of gender incongruence and pronoun usage. Only one GP routinely asked patients their pronouns (2%).
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight that a significant proportion of GPs have no formal training in relation to discussing pronouns and gender incongruence. We believe GPs should have the skills necessary to appreciate, understand and provide structured support to those with concerns in relation to their gender identity. With waiting times for gender clinics frequently exceeding 2 years, our findings emphasise the increasing importance of GP specific training in the field of gender identity.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Primary Health Care; Surveys and Questionnaires; Physician-Patient Relations; Gender Identity; Attitude of Health Personnel; General Practitioners; General Practice; Clinical Competence
PubMed: 38902059
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp24X738009 -
The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health Jul 2024Discriminatory gender norms can intersect and interact with other dimensions of discrimination-such as age, race, ethnicity, disability, education status, and sexual... (Review)
Review
Discriminatory gender norms can intersect and interact with other dimensions of discrimination-such as age, race, ethnicity, disability, education status, and sexual orientation-to shape individuals' experiences and impact their health and wellbeing. This interaction is referred to as intersectionality. Although the theory has been in circulation since the late 1980s, only recently has it gained traction in low-income and middle-income settings, and it has yet to fully penetrate global research on adolescence. The social and structural intersectional drivers of adolescent health and wellbeing, particularly during early adolescence (age 10-14 years), are poorly understood. The evidence base for designing effective interventions for this formative period of life is therefore relatively small. In this Review, we examine how gender intersects with other forms of disadvantage in the early stages of adolescence. Analysing data from hybrid observation-intervention longitudinal studies with young adolescents in 16 countries, our aim is to inform the health and wellbeing of girls and boys from a range of social contexts, including in conflict settings. Adolescents' perceptions about gender norms vary by context, depend on individual opinion, and are shaped by socioecological drivers of gender inequalities in health. Shifting those perceptions is therefore challenging. We argue for the importance of applying an intersectionality lens to improve health and wellbeing outcomes for young adolescents and conclude with five practical recommendations for programme design and research.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Male; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Child; Adolescent Health; Social Norms; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38897717
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00079-8 -
Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Jun 2024Qualitative research has explored how some testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience the psychological impacts of diagnosis and treatment. More research into the...
BACKGROUND
Qualitative research has explored how some testicular cancer survivors (TCS) experience the psychological impacts of diagnosis and treatment. More research into the impacts of testicular cancer (TC) on adolescent and young adults (AYA) is needed due to the critical period of identity development. The present study aimed to explore how AYA with TC appraise and make sense of their experience and to develop a greater understanding of psychosexual identity development in AYA TCS.
METHOD
Eight AYA TCS were interviewed. The results were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The questions explored the experiences relating to diagnosis and treatment, how it affected their psychosexual identity development (e.g., sexual relationships and self-image) and the meanings attached to the experiences.
ANALYSIS
Four Group Experiential Themes were developed from the data; 'Dealing with the shock', 'Fear and weight of responsibility', 'those closest to me' and 'sense of change'.
DISCUSSION
The AYA TCS experiences may result in adoption of traditional masculine traits (e.g., stoicism) or abandonment of traditionally masculine traits (E.g. violence and aggression). AYA TCS also described feelings of insecurity when compared to other men. Psychology input could help manage stoicism and feelings of inferiority when compared to men with two testicles.
PubMed: 38865494
DOI: 10.1177/13591045241259920 -
Nature Jun 2024
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Gender Identity; Research; Terminology as Topic; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 38858484
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01719-9 -
The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 2024The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to describe the seven-year analytic treatment of a TG adolescent (F "April" to M "Tran") and, secondly, based on the...
The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to describe the seven-year analytic treatment of a TG adolescent (F "April" to M "Tran") and, secondly, based on the clinical observations, to propose a reflection on the intrapsychic events linked to gender transition. We could witness during this analysis that the dissonant anatomical sex, which is at the heart of the gender dysphoria, resists mentalization and consequently its psychological integration. The psychic events of transition, understood here on the model of a mourning process, could denote the various strategies necessary to the TG individual to negotiate the obstacle of mentalization.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Transgender Persons; Male; Female; Gender Dysphoria; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38847749
DOI: 10.1080/00332828.2024.2345804 -
Archives of Sexual Behavior Jun 2024This linkage study examined the prevalence of traditional gender expressions in the textual and visual profile cues on mobile dating applications (MDA)...
This linkage study examined the prevalence of traditional gender expressions in the textual and visual profile cues on mobile dating applications (MDA) (nbiographies = 396, npictures = 1352) of 396 young adults' (Mage = 22.39 years, SD = 2.86, 73% women) with attention to users' gender, sexual orientation, and platform type. For 184 users (Mage = 22.10 years, SD = 2.91, 75% women) media content data were linked to self-report survey data. Results showed that individuals aligned their self-presentations with traditional gender roles and expectations, and this link depended on their gender. No significant differences according to individuals' sexual orientation or platform type were found. Individuals' (hyper-) gender orientation also related to engagement in traditional gender expressions. Specifically, women with a stronger feminine gender orientation expressed more traditional femininity in their MDA profiles. For men, no significant associations between (aspects of) a masculine gender orientation and expressing traditional masculinity in their MDA profiles were found. Future research should further disentangle selective gendered self-presentations.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Mobile Applications; Gender Role; Sexual Behavior; Masculinity; Femininity; Gender Identity; Interpersonal Relations; Courtship
PubMed: 38844742
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02884-8 -
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Male; Child; Consensus; Female; Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Receptors, Androgen; Prognosis; Gender Identity; Androgens
PubMed: 38844350
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231108-00353