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Health Promotion and Chronic Disease... Apr 2024Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine...
INTRODUCTION
Research characterizing substance use disparities between gender minority youth (GMY) and non-GMY (i.e. girls and boys) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in substance use behaviours among gender identity (GI) groups and identify associated risk and protective factors.
METHODS
Cross-sectional data from Canadian secondary school students (n = 42 107) that participated in Year 8 (2019/20) or Year 9 (2020/21) of the COMPASS study were used. Hierarchal logistic regression models estimated current substance use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, binge drinking, cannabis and nonmedical prescription opioids [NMPOs]). Predictor variables included sociodemographics, other substances, mental health outcomes, school connectedness, bullying and happy home life. Interaction terms were used to test mental health measures as moderators in the association between GI and substance use.
RESULTS
Compared to non-GMY, GMY reported a higher prevalence for all substance use outcomes. In the adjusted analyses, GMY had higher odds of cigarette, cannabis and NMPO use and lower odds for e-cigarette use relative to non-GMY. The likelihood of using any given substance was higher among individuals who were involved with other substances. School connectedness and happy home life had a protective effect for all substances except binge drinking. Bullying victimization was associated with greater odds of cigarette, e-cigarette use and NMPOs. Significant interactions between GI and all mental health measures were detected.
CONCLUSION
Findings highlight the importance of collecting a GI measure in youth population surveys and prioritizing GMY in substance use-related prevention, treatment and harm reduction programs. Future studies should investigate the effects of GI status on substance use onset and progression among Canadian adolescents over time.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Binge Drinking; Canada; Gender Identity; Cannabis; Analgesics, Opioid
PubMed: 38597806
DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.04 -
Anales de Pediatria May 2024
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Male; Female; Child; Adolescent; Minors; Bioethical Issues; Bioethics
PubMed: 38582649
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.024 -
Anales de Pediatria May 2024
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Transsexualism; Male; Female; Child; Minors; Bioethical Issues; Adolescent
PubMed: 38582644
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.025 -
Body Image Jun 2024The available evidence suggests that exposure to natural environments promotes more positive body image, but to date this research has not considered impacts on...
The available evidence suggests that exposure to natural environments promotes more positive body image, but to date this research has not considered impacts on children. To answer this question, we invited two groups of children in Poland - matched in terms of age (range = 6 to 12 years), gender identities, and racialised status - to go for a group walk in either a natural environment (n = 80) or a built environment (n = 81). Before and after the walks, participants were asked to complete an adapted, state version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children. The results of a mixed analysis of variance indicated that children who went for a walk in the natural environment reported a significant improvement to state body appreciation (d = 0.35), whereas those who went for a walk in the built environment did not (d = 0.04). The results also showed no significant impact of gender identity (girls vs. boys) or age (middle vs. late childhood) on this finding. These results show for the first time that nature exposure may help to improve body image outcomes in children, at least in the immediate term, which may prove beneficial for future interventionist work.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Child; Body Image; Walking; Poland; Built Environment; Nature; Gender Identity; Environment; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 38581777
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101707 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) May 2024Direct exposure to gender identity-related discrimination and erasure among the transgender and gender independent (TGI) population are associated with healthcare...
Direct and vicarious exposure to healthcare discrimination and erasure among transgender and gender independent individuals: Testing the indirect effect of mistrust in healthcare on utilization behaviors.
RATIONALE
Direct exposure to gender identity-related discrimination and erasure among the transgender and gender independent (TGI) population are associated with healthcare underutilization, which may further exacerbate the health disparities that exist between this population and cisgender individuals in the United States (U.S.). Although the impacts of direct exposure to healthcare discrimination and erasure may have on TGI individuals are known, exposure to such harm vicariously (i.e., through observation or report) is underexplored.
OBJECTIVE
The present study examined the relationships among direct and vicarious gender identity-related healthcare discrimination and erasure exposure and past-year healthcare utilization.
METHOD
Gender identity-based mistrust in healthcare was also assessed, as a mechanism through which direct and vicarious gender identity-related healthcare discrimination and erasure predict healthcare utilization behaviors among a sample (N = 385) of TGI adults in the U.S., aged 18 to 71 recruited online.
RESULTS
Results indicated direct lifetime and vicarious healthcare discrimination and erasure exposure significantly predicted past-year healthcare underutilization when participants anticipated encountering gender identity-related healthcare discrimination. Mediational analyses indicated that higher levels of exposure to direct lifetime and vicarious healthcare discrimination and erasure were related to higher levels of mistrust in healthcare, through which past-year underutilization was significantly related.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings are vital to informing healthcare practice and policy initiatives aimed at ensuring the barriers that deleteriously influence the accessibility of healthcare among TGI individuals are ameliorated.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Trust; Transgender Persons; Middle Aged; United States; Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Adolescent; Gender Identity; Healthcare Disparities; Young Adult
PubMed: 38574592
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116806 -
PloS One 2024It has been shown that observing a face being touched or moving in synchrony with our own face increases self-identification with the former which might alter both...
It has been shown that observing a face being touched or moving in synchrony with our own face increases self-identification with the former which might alter both cognitive and affective processes. The induction of this phenomenon, termed enfacement illusion, has often relied on laboratory tools that are unavailable to a large audience. However, digital face filters applications are nowadays regularly used and might provide an interesting tool to study similar mechanisms in a wider population. Digital filters are able to render our faces in real time while changing important facial features, for example, rendering them more masculine or feminine according to normative standards. Recent literature using full-body illusions has shown that participants' own gender identity shifts when embodying a different gendered avatar. Here we studied whether participants' filtered faces, observed while moving in synchrony with their own face, may induce an enfacement illusion and if so, modulate their gender identity. We collected data from 35 female and 33 male participants who observed a stereotypically gender mismatched version of themselves either moving synchronously or asynchronously with their own face on a screen. Our findings showed a successful induction of the enfacement illusion in the synchronous condition according to a questionnaire addressing the feelings of ownership, agency and perceived similarity. However, we found no evidence of gender identity being modulated, neither in explicit nor in implicit measures of gender identification. We discuss the distinction between full-body and facial processing and the relevance of studying widely accessible devices that may impact the sense of a bodily self and our cognition, emotion and behaviour.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Illusions; Gender Identity; Self Concept; Touch Perception; Touch
PubMed: 38568979
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295342 -
Pediatrics May 2024Guidelines for monitoring of medications frequently used in the gender-affirming care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents are based on studies in adults...
OBJECTIVES
Guidelines for monitoring of medications frequently used in the gender-affirming care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents are based on studies in adults or other medical conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate commonly screened laboratory measurements in TGD adolescents receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).
METHODS
TGD adolescents were recruited from 4 study sites in the United States before beginning GAHT. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, hemoglobin A1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, prolactin, and potassium were abstracted from the medical record at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after starting GAHT.
RESULTS
Two-hundred and ninety-three participants (68% designated female at birth) with no previous history of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog use were included in the analysis. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in adolescents prescribed estradiol (-1.4 mg/dL and -3.6%, respectively) and increased in adolescents prescribed testosterone (+1.0 mg/dL and +3.9%) by 6 months after GAHT initiation. Thirteen (6.5%) participants prescribed testosterone had hematocrit > 50% during GAHT. There were no differences in hemoglobin A1c, alanine transaminase, or aspartate aminotransferase. There was a small increase in prolactin after 6 months of estradiol therapy in transfeminine adolescents. Hyperkalemia in transfeminine adolescents taking spironolactone was infrequent and transient if present.
CONCLUSIONS
Abnormal laboratory results are rare in TGD adolescents prescribed GAHT and, if present, occur within 6 months of GAHT initiation. Future guidelines may not require routine screening of these laboratory parameters beyond 6 months of GAHT in otherwise healthy TGD adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Male; Transgender Persons; Testosterone; Alanine Transaminase; Estradiol; Hematocrit; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Sex Reassignment Procedures; Glycated Hemoglobin; Prolactin; Hemoglobins; Transsexualism; Hormone Replacement Therapy
PubMed: 38567424
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064380 -
Acta Psychologica May 2024Pollyanna hypothesis claims that human beings have a universal tendency to use positive words more frequently and broadly than negative words. The present study aims to...
Pollyanna hypothesis claims that human beings have a universal tendency to use positive words more frequently and broadly than negative words. The present study aims to test Pollyanna hypothesis in medical death narratives at both lexical and text levels by using sentiment analysis and emotion detection methods, and to qualitatively analyze the contextual use of emotion words to deepen the understanding of doctors' emotions. Sentiment analysis showed a strong token-based linguistic positivity and a weak type-based negativity bias at the lexical level, and a general positivity bias at the text level, despite the gender of the doctors. Emotion detection discovered three prominent emotions of "joy", "sadness", and "anger", and a greater diversity of negative emotions in contrast to positive emotions in medical death narratives. Contextual analysis revealed that emotion words associated with joy were primarily observed in contexts related to doctors' actions and behaviors aiming to benefit others and promote social wellbeing. Emotion words associated with sadness and anger were chiefly employed to describe situations involving patients' death and doctors' attitudes towards death. The results confirm Pollyanna hypothesis at both token-based lexical level and text level and falsify the hypothesis at type-based lexical level. Possible explanations are explored by contextual analysis, and theoretical analysis from the perspectives of cognitive linguistics and social psychology. The findings are expected to enrich the understanding of Pollyanna hypothesis as well as the junior doctors' emotional responses to clinical deaths.
Topics: Humans; Sentiment Analysis; Emotions; Narration; Linguistics; Gender Identity
PubMed: 38565066
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104238 -
Endeavour Mar 2024Can love affect knowledge and knowledge affect love? John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor-Mill, Max and Marianne Weber, and Bertrand and Dora Russell had a definite...
Can love affect knowledge and knowledge affect love? John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor-Mill, Max and Marianne Weber, and Bertrand and Dora Russell had a definite vocation: they wanted to change the world. They questioned traditional gender arrangements through publications on equality, marriage, and education. They were liberal thinkers, advocating individual freedom and autonomy, vis à vis the constraints of state and society. Their partnership inspired their work, a living experiment conducted through their own unconventional relationship. Over time, their increasingly radical, avant-garde ideas on marriage complicated the ongoing negotiation over power and intimacy which typified their marriages. Building on the historiography of social science couples, and by means of an analysis of the micro-social dynamics of marriage as documented in the life writings of the Mills, the Webers, and the Russells, I analyse the connections between gender, intimacy, and creativity. These couples' experiences highlight the non-rational dimension of a most rational endeavour.
Topics: Love; Marriage; Gender Identity; Occupations
PubMed: 38565005
DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2024.100918 -
BMC Public Health Apr 2024Grounded in Bourdieu's theory of human practice, this study aims to examine how individuals as social agents made sense of and acted upon their COVID-19 experiences. A...
BACKGROUND
Grounded in Bourdieu's theory of human practice, this study aims to examine how individuals as social agents made sense of and acted upon their COVID-19 experiences. A recent conceptualization of health capital is utilized to explain the practices of patients in the pandemic, in relation to their biographical background.
METHODS
This is a qualitative research in which the data were collected by biographical narrative interviews through a theoretical sampling approach. Eighteen interviews with COVID-19 patients were conducted and 8 of them were analyzed by the Documentary Method.
RESULTS
The informants made sense of their illness experiences through their health capital, which is manifested in their self-perception of health, their attitudes towards the healthcare system, their conception of terms such as luck, their work status, and the gendered division of labour at home in the COVID-19 pandemic. All the manifestations are mediated by the social, cultural, and economic capital of the informants, and their habitual practices are based on their symbolic capital.
CONCLUSION
The study depicts how social agents' health capital manifested in the pandemic, relying on their symbolic capital, and shaping their practices. Further research across diverse contexts is needed to fully understand extra dimensions of health capital as a descriptor of the social determinants of health.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Qualitative Research; Gender Identity; Self Concept
PubMed: 38561712
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18451-8