-
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Mindful movement is a comprehensive approach that integrates various bodily, emotional and cognitive aspects into physical activity, promoting overall well-being. This...
INTRODUCTION
Mindful movement is a comprehensive approach that integrates various bodily, emotional and cognitive aspects into physical activity, promoting overall well-being. This study assessed the impact of a mindful movement program, known as Movimento Biologico (MB), on participants psychological well-being (PWB), positive mental health (PMH), sense of coherence (SOC), and interoceptive awareness.
METHODS
MB program was conducted for students attending the bachelor's degree in Kinesiology and Sport Sciences of University of Perugia over 8 weeks (from October 16 to November 27, 2022). Participants were requested to fill in four questionnaires before and after the MB program: (1) 18-item PWB scale; (2) 9-item PMH scale; (3) 13-item SOC scale; (4) 32-item scale for Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes, with significance set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight students (mean age 21.2, 60.5% male) participated. Several MAIA subscales, including noticing ( = 0.003), attention management ( = 0.002), emotional awareness ( = 0.007), self-regulation ( < 0.001), body listening ( = 0.001), and trusting ( = 0.001), showed significant improvements. PMH increased significantly ( = 0.015), and there was a significant enhancement in the autonomy subscale of PWB ( = 0.036). SOC and overall PWB also improved, though not significantly.
CONCLUSION
The MB program significantly improved participants' positive mental health and interoceptive awareness. This likely resulted from better recognition and management of positive physiological sensations, a stronger link between physical sensations and emotions, enhanced confidence in one's body, and increased autonomy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Mindfulness; Young Adult; Health Promotion; Surveys and Questionnaires; Students; Exercise; Mental Health; Awareness; Adult
PubMed: 38919915
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1372660 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conducted to find effective... (Review)
Review
Unlocking the healing power of psilocybin: an overview of the role of psilocybin therapy in major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder.
Resistance to traditional treatment methods is still a major obstacle in modern psychiatry. As a result, several studies are currently being conducted to find effective alternatives to traditional therapies. One of these alternatives is psilocybin, a psychedelic substance that has been tested in clinical trials as an adjunct to psychotherapy. These studies focus on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorder (SUD), particularly alcohol and nicotine dependence. This article looks at the current understanding of psilocybin, including data from clinical trials conducted, psilocybin's mechanism of action, its safety and the level of risk associated with it.
PubMed: 38919636
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024There is evidence that there is a small group of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are more likely to commit homicide than those in the general...
INTRODUCTION
There is evidence that there is a small group of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are more likely to commit homicide than those in the general population. However, there is limited knowledge about the psychopathology that leads to homicide in this group. The aim of this study was to examine two commonly used definitions of the concept, which aims to identify a certain risk of serious violence in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
METHODS
This is a sub analysis of a file-based, retrospective and exploratory cross-sectional study. All forensic homicide offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were detained at the Forensic Hospital Berlin as of 31 December 2014 were examined for the occurrence of according to two commonly used definitions.
RESULTS
Of a total of 419 forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 78 committed homicide (18.6%). The forensic homicide offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were characterised by being male, unemployed, single and having committed (attempted) manslaughter. Irrespective of the definition used, the entire complex was present in less than a third of the sample. In both definitions, symptoms were slightly less frequent than symptoms. While symptoms occurred less frequently in Stompe et al.'s definition, symptoms were the most common. With regard to Kröber's definition of and , the situation is exactly the opposite.
DISCUSSION
Regarding the entire complex, Kröber's definition seems a little more open and Stompe et al.'s more strict (38.5% . 35.9%). Since only occurs in about one third of the subjects in both definitions, neither definition appears to be conclusive. A combination with proportions from both definitions could be a contribution to a future definition of . The present study provides scarcely published primary data on psychopathology in homicide offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, especially on the much discussed concept in two definitions. In order to determine the most useful definition of , to avoid false positives and to identify clear psychopathological risk symptoms, larger samples and comparative studies with offenders and non-offenders should be conducted in the future.
PubMed: 38919633
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1404263 -
Indian Journal of Psychiatry May 2024
-
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Aromatherapy is a holistic healing method to promote health and well-being by using natural plant extracts. However, its precise mechanism of action and influence on the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Aromatherapy is a holistic healing method to promote health and well-being by using natural plant extracts. However, its precise mechanism of action and influence on the endocrine system remains unclear. Since recent studies reported that a neuropeptide, oxytocin, can attenuate anxiety, we hypothesized that if oxytocin secretion is promoted through aromatherapy, it may improve mood and anxiety. The present study is aimed to investigate the relationship between oxytocin and the effects of aromatherapy with lavender oil on anxiety level, by measuring salivary oxytocin levels in healthy men and women.
METHODS
We conducted a randomized open crossover trial in 15 men and 10 women. Each participant received a placebo intervention (control group) and aromatherapy with lavender oil (aromatherapy group). For the aromatherapy group, each participant spent a 30-min session in a room with diffused lavender essential oil, followed by a 10-min hand massage using a carrier oil containing lavender oil. Anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before the intervention, 30-min after the start of intervention, and after hand massage, in both groups. Saliva samples were collected at the same time points of the STAI.
RESULTS
In women, either aromatherapy or hand massage was associated with a reduction in anxiety levels, independently. Moreover, salivary oxytocin levels were increased after aromatherapy. On the other hand, in men, anxiety levels were decreased after aromatherapy, as well as after hand massage, regardless of the use of lavender oil. However, there were no significant differences in changes of salivary oxytocin levels between the control and aromatherapy groups during the intervention period. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between anxiety levels and salivary oxytocin levels before the intervention, but a negative correlation was observed after hand massage with lavender oil.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study indicate that in women, aromatherapy with lavender oil attenuated anxiety with increase in oxytocin level in women, whereas in men, there was no clear relationship of aromatherapy with anxiety or oxytocin levels but, there was a change in correlation between anxiety and oxytocin. The results of the present study suggest that the effect of aromatherapy can vary depending on sex.
Topics: Humans; Oxytocin; Aromatherapy; Female; Male; Saliva; Anxiety; Adult; Oils, Volatile; Lavandula; Plant Oils; Young Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 38919481
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1380779 -
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2023The article "Ethical issues in child and adolescent psychotherapy: a clinical review." (DOI: https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2010.053), published in the July-September...
The article "Ethical issues in child and adolescent psychotherapy: a clinical review." (DOI: https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2010.053), published in the July-September 2010 issue of IJME, has been retracted by the Editor following an investigation into a reader's complaint of plagiarism. A plagiarism check found that a substantial amount of text was reproduced from a published article (LI Ascherman, S Rubin. Current Ethical Issues in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am. 2008. 17: 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2007.07.008). The authors was informed of the findings of the investigation because plagiarism is a serious breach of publication ethics, necessitating retraction of the plagiarised article. The author consented to the retraction.
PubMed: 38919007
DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2023.027 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can lead to complications such as depression and grief, which are more prevalent in veterans than in the general population.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can lead to complications such as depression and grief, which are more prevalent in veterans than in the general population. Recently, art-making, including mandala coloring, has gained attention as a potential treatment for PTSD patients.
METHODS
This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 male veterans diagnosed with PTSD and hospitalized at the Milad Psychiatric Center in Tehran, Iran. The patients were recruited using a convenience sampling method and were assigned to either the mandala coloring group or the free coloring group. The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist DSM-5 and the Oxford Happiness Scale were used to collect data. The intervention group colored mandala designs, while the control group colored squares freely. Coloring was done twice a week for three weeks.
RESULTS
The mean baseline happiness scores did not differ significantly between mandala coloring group and free coloring group (p = 0.376). However, at the end of study, happiness scores were significantly higher in mandala coloring group than in free coloring group (p < 0.001). After the intervention, happiness score of both groups increased significantly (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Both coloring methods increased veterans' happiness scores; however, mandala coloring was more effective than free coloring. It is recommended that art-making be added to conventional treatments for veterans with PTSD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered in Iranian Registry of clinical trials (No. IRCT20210604051491N1, 29/08/2021).
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Veterans; Male; Happiness; Iran; COVID-19; Adult; Middle Aged; Art Therapy
PubMed: 38918742
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05886-x -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Children and adolescents, after natural and man-made disasters, often exhibit various psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues, showing a range of clinical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Children and adolescents, after natural and man-made disasters, often exhibit various psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues, showing a range of clinical symptoms related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. This review used a network meta-analysis (NMA) approach to compare and rank psychological interventions for PTSD and depression in children and adolescents after exposure to natural and man-made disasters.
METHODS
Randomized studies of psychosocial interventions for PTSD and depression in children and adolescents exposed to natural and man-made disasters were identified. PTSD and depression symptoms at postintervention and 1-12 month follow-up are the outcomes. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) between pairs of interventions at postintervention and follow-up were pooled. Mean effect sizes with 95% credible intervals (CI) were calculated, and the ranking probabilities for all interventions were estimated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Study quality was assessed with version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2).
RESULTS
In total, 26 studies with 4331 participants were included in this NMA. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) (SMD = - 0.67; 95% CI - 1.17 to - 0.17), exposure therapy (ET) (SMD = - 0.66; 95% CI - 1.11 to - 0.22), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (SMD = - 0.62; 95% CI - 0.90 to - 0.34) were significantly more effective for PTSD at postintervention than inactive intervention. EMDR (SMD = - 0.72; 95% CI - 1.11 to - 0.33) and ET (SMD = - 0.62; 95% CI - 0.97 to - 0.27) were associated with a higher reduction in PTSD symptoms at follow-up than inactive intervention. EMDR (SMD = - 0.40; 95% CI - 0.78 to - 0.03) and play therapy (PT) (SMD = - 0.37; 95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.12) were significantly more effective for depression at postintervention than inactive intervention. For all psychological interventions in reducing depression symptoms at follow-up compared with inactive intervention, the differences were not significant.
CONCLUSION
EMDR appears to be most effective in reducing PTSD and depression in children and adolescents exposed to natural and man-made disasters. In addition, ET and CBT are potentially effective in reducing PTSD symptoms at postintervention, while PT is beneficial in managing depression symptoms at the treatment endpoint.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Adolescent; Child; Network Meta-Analysis; Psychosocial Intervention; Disasters; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Depression; Natural Disasters; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
PubMed: 38918741
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05924-8 -
BMC Neurology Jun 2024People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Study protocol for the MIND-PD study: a randomized controlled trial to investigate clinical and biological effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in people with Parkinson's disease.
BACKGROUND
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are very sensitive to the effects of stress. The prevalence of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms is high, and acute stress worsens motor symptoms. Animal studies suggest that chronic stress may accelerate disease progression, but evidence for this in humans is lacking. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) train participants to focus on the present moment, on purpose and without judgement. Previous studies suggest that MBIs may alleviate stress and reduce depression and anxiety in PD. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as a non-pharmacologic treatment strategy for neuropsychiatric (and motor) symptoms in PD, and to identify the mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD.
METHODS
In a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), we investigate whether 8 weeks of MBCT, as compared to care as usual, can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with PD. We aim to include 124 PD patients, who experience mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression, are eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and naïve to mindfulness, and who have a disease duration ≤ 10 years. Every participant is followed for 12 months. Clinical and biochemical assessments take place at baseline (T0), after 2 months (T1), and after 12 months (T2); MRI assessments take place at T0 and T2. Our primary outcome is the total score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at T1, while correcting for the HADS score at T0, age, and gender. Beyond testing the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, we explore whether MBCT: (1) has an effect on motor symptom severity, (2) influences cerebral and biochemical markers of stress, and (3) leads to a change in biomarkers of PD progression.
DISCUSSION
MIND-PD is one of the first RCTs with a 1-year follow-up to investigate the effects of MBCT on symptoms of anxiety and depression in PD, and to explore possible mechanisms underlying stress and stress reduction in PD. Insight into these mechanisms can pave the way to new treatment methods in the future.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05779137. Registered on 12 January 2023.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Parkinson Disease; Depression; Anxiety; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Male; Female; Stress, Psychological; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38918695
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03736-7 -
Nature Human Behaviour Jun 2024We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean...
We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery; n = 10,027,506) and the Japanese claims-based cohort (validation; n = 12,218,680) to estimate the short-term (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (people with another respiratory infection). Using exposure-driven propensity score matching, we found that both the short- and long-term risks of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were elevated in the discovery cohort compared with the general population and those with another respiratory infection. A range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischaemic stroke and mood disorder exhibited a pronounced increase in long-term risk. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19 and heterologous vaccination were associated with reduced long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation effect was the strongest during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this risk remained statistically significant for up to one year in Korea but beyond one year in Japan. The associations observed were replicated in the validation cohort. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence base on long COVID by considering ethnic diversity.
PubMed: 38918517
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8