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Experimental Physiology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38941357
DOI: 10.1113/EP092002 -
Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias... Jun 2024When large amounts of Fluoride are consumed produces insulin resistance, but exercise can reverse insulin resistance in rats, because of a high fluoride uptake by bone...
When large amounts of Fluoride are consumed produces insulin resistance, but exercise can reverse insulin resistance in rats, because of a high fluoride uptake by bone tissue. However, bone quality has not been studied in those experiments. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate bone quality in rats treated with fluoride when performing exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n=6 per group): Control (drinking water without fluoride), Fluoride (drinking water with fluoride 15 mg/L for 30 days) and Exercise (daily running on a treadmill and drinking water with fluoride 15 mg/L for 30 days). Then, bone mineral density, mechanical and histological properties and bone fluoride level were measured. No effect of treatment on any bone parameters were observed. These results indicate that exercise normalizes glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant rats by bone fluoride uptake; however, this increase in bone fluoride does not manifest in bone deterioration.
Topics: Animals; Insulin Resistance; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Bone Density; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Fluorides; Rats; Male; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 38941224
DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v81.n2.42505 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Jun 2024Creating bionic intelligent robotic systems that emulate human-like skin perception presents a considerable scientific challenge. This study introduces a multifunctional...
Creating bionic intelligent robotic systems that emulate human-like skin perception presents a considerable scientific challenge. This study introduces a multifunctional bionic electronic skin (e-skin) made from polyacrylic acid ionogel (PAIG), designed to detect human motion signals and transmit them to robotic systems for recognition and classification. The PAIG was synthesized using a suspension of liquid metal and graphene oxide nanosheets as initiators and cross-linkers. The resulting PAIGs demonstrate excellent mechanical properties, resistance to freezing and drying, and self-healing capabilities. Functionally, the PAIG effectively captures human motion signals through electromechanical sensing. Furthermore, we developed a bionic intelligent sorting robot system by integrating the PAIG-based e-skin with a robotic manipulator. This system leverages its ability to detect frictional electrical signals, enabling precise identification and sorting of materials. The innovations presented in this study hold significant potential for applications in artificial intelligence, rehabilitation training, and intelligent classification systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PubMed: 38940242
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400379 -
Journal of the International Society of... Dec 2024This study aimed to determine the agreement between fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)...
Agreement between fat-free mass from bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and their use in estimating resting metabolic rate in resistance-trained men.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to determine the agreement between fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and their use in estimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) in men undergoing resistance training.
METHODS
Thirty healthy resistance-trained men (22.7 ± 4.4 years, 70.0 ± 8.7 kg, 174.6 ± 6.7 cm, and 22.9 ± 2.3 kg/m) were evaluated. The equation developed by Tinsley et al. (RMR = 25.9 × fat-free mass [FFM] + 284) was adopted to calculate the RMR. DXA was used as the reference method for FFM.
RESULTS
Furthermore, FFM was also estimated by BIA using a spectral device. No significant difference ( > 0.05) was observed between DXA (1884.2 ± 145.5 kcal) and BIA (1849.4 ± 167.7 kcal) to estimate RMR. A positive and significant correlation ( = 0.89, < 0.05) was observed between DXA and BIA estimates of RMR. The mean difference between methods indicated that BIA presented a bias of -34.8 kcal.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that using FFM derived from DXA or BIA results in similar RMR estimates in resistance-trained men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Electric Impedance; Absorptiometry, Photon; Resistance Training; Basal Metabolism; Young Adult; Body Composition; Adult
PubMed: 38940017
DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2357319 -
Sheng Li Xue Bao : [Acta Physiologica... Jun 2024The present study aimed to explore the effects of different exercise modes on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and metabolism of skeletal muscle-related proteins in aging...
The present study aimed to explore the effects of different exercise modes on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and metabolism of skeletal muscle-related proteins in aging rats. Ten from 38 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (3-month-old) were randomly selected into young (Y) group, while the rest were raised to 21 months old and randomly divided into elderly control (O), endurance exercise (EN) and resistance exercise (R) groups. After 8 weeks of corresponding exercises training, the gastrocnemius muscles of rats were collected, and the expression of S100B in Schwann cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of agglutinate protein (Agrin), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), muscle- specific kinase protein (MuSK), downstream tyrosine kinase 7 (Dok7), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), phosphorylated mammalian target rapamycin (p-mTOR), and phosphorylated forkhead box O1 (p-FoxO1) in rat gastrocnemius muscles. The results showed that, endurance and resistance exercises increased the wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle in the aging rats. The protein expression of S100B in the R group was significantly higher than those in the O and EN groups. Proteins related to NMJ function, including Agrin, Lrp4, MuSK, and Dok7 were significantly decreased in the O group compared with those in the Y group. Resistance exercise up-regulated these four proteins in the aging rats, whereas endurance exercise could not reverse the protein expression levels of Lrp4, MuSK and Dok7. Regarding skeletal muscle-related proteins, the O group showed down-regulated p-Akt, and p-mTOR protein expression levels and up-regulated p-FoxO1 protein expression level, compared to the Y group. Resistance and endurance exercises reversed the changes in p-mTOR and p-FoxO1 protein expression in the aging rats. These findings demonstrate that both exercise modes can enhance NMJ function, increase protein synthesis and reduce the catabolism of skeletal muscle-related proteins in aging rats, with resistance exercise showing a more pronounced effect.
Topics: Animals; Male; Aging; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Neuromuscular Junction; Muscle Proteins; Resistance Training; Forkhead Box Protein O1
PubMed: 38939932
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurointervention Jul 2024Hands-on training is a crucial part of education in neuroendovascular treatment to ensure safe and rapid acquisition of techniques. However, there is a significant gap...
Hands-on training is a crucial part of education in neuroendovascular treatment to ensure safe and rapid acquisition of techniques. However, there is a significant gap between training and actual clinical practice. This study will introduce innovations for more practical thrombus retrieval training that was developed in this process. A Smart Vascular Model 3 in 1 was used. A pink pseudothrombus was inserted into the M1 (horizontal segment of the middle cerebral artery) section of the model. Then, a "red underlay" purchased at a stationery store was placed to cover the proximal part of M1 and beyond so that the pseudothrombus was not visible. The thrombus was retrieved during training by looking for the location of the thrombus based on the behavior and resistance of the tip of the guidewire and deployment of the stent retriever. The participants were required to have detailed observation skills and precise manipulation skills using a red film to prevent the direct visualization of the pseudothrombus. The implementation of this innovation to the previous hands-on training made the training more practical and effective. If the exact thrombus location can be determined by the behavior of the wire tip, the device's capabilities can be maximized, and rapid retrieval can be expected. It could also reduce complications, as unnecessary peripheral guidance of the device could be avoided.
PubMed: 38939923
DOI: 10.5469/neuroint.2024.00094 -
Health Care Science Apr 2024This study aimed to assess the role of community pharmacists and their perception toward antimicrobial stewardship, in addition to identifying factors influencing their...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the role of community pharmacists and their perception toward antimicrobial stewardship, in addition to identifying factors influencing their perception and practices in community pharmacy.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out among community pharmacists regarding antimicrobial stewardship. Convenience sampling was used to obtain the required sample from a community pharmacy in Baghdad. In total, 381 participants have completed the survey.
RESULTS
The majority of the participants (85.6%) strongly agreed/agreed that "antimicrobial stewardship programs reduce the problems of antibiotic resistance"; and 85.5% of them strongly agreed/agreed that community pharmacists required adequate training on antibiotics use. In addition, high percent of community pharmacists (88.4%) strongly agreed/agreed that pharmacists have a responsibility to take a prominent role in antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection-control programs in the health system. The total score of perception was significantly influenced by older age groups, postgraduate degrees, and experience of 6-10 years ( < 0.001). This study also showed that 65.4% of pharmacists always/often advise patients to continue the full course of antimicrobials, and 64.9% of them reported always/often considering clinical and safety parameters before dispensing antibiotics. The role of pharmacists was significantly influenced by the younger age group, females, higher degree in pharmacy, experience of 3-5 years, and medical complex pharmacy ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Community pharmacists have a good perception toward antimicrobial stewardship programs, but their role is still limited. More efforts are needed to design better strategies for antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacy.
PubMed: 38939617
DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.92 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 2024Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis that impedes the therapeutic effectiveness of available antimicrobial agents. Due to the high burden of... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis that impedes the therapeutic effectiveness of available antimicrobial agents. Due to the high burden of infectious diseases and limited resources, especially trained healthcare professionals, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of AMR. Sometimes, as the first and last point of contact for patients seeking treatment for infections, community pharmacists can play a pivotal role in the stewardship required for AMR. This review aims to highlight the contributions made by community pharmacists in LMICs as AMR stewards. The review considers the challenges from the perspectives of limited resources, inadequate training, a lack of policies and regulations, and issues related to patient behavior. Community pharmacists in LMICs could optimize their advocacy contributions by focusing on One Health AMR stewardship. Transformational and actionable patient and population-centric antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is feasible with the synergy of policymakers and other healthcare providers in the implementation of AMS policies and programs that support community pharmacists in their efforts to promote rational antimicrobial use.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacists; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Developing Countries; Community Pharmacy Services; Professional Role
PubMed: 38939359
DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12721 -
Andrology Jun 2024Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent not only among older males but also in younger. The physical activity has been considered a potential protective factor against... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent not only among older males but also in younger. The physical activity has been considered a potential protective factor against ED. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of exercise interventions specifically on ED patients.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the physical activity in addressing ED symptoms among adult males, without the use of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) therapy. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modes.
METHODS
Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search. A registered protocol is available at PROSPERO (CRD42023441717). Our search spanned PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with data collection ending on 11 April 2024. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied by two independent authors to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. The primary endpoint was determined as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores.
RESULTS
A total of seven RCTs were included. Utilizing a random-effects model, the estimated standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 1.02, p < 0.0001) for the overall impact of the physical activity. Subgroup analysis revealed SMDs of 0.81 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.06; p < 0.00001) for aerobic training alone. However, no significant improvement was observed with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (SMD 0.03; 95% CI -0.68 to 0.75; p = 0.93) and a combination of aerobic and resistance training (SMD 0.84; 95% CI -0.41 to 2.09; p = 0.19) CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight a significant improvement in the erectile function following exercise interventions for adult men with ED, who are not receiving the PDE5i therapy, especially in conducting aerobic training alone. However, PFMT and a combination of aerobic and resistance training did not show significant improvements in erectile function from this study.
PubMed: 38937909
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13682 -
BMC Medicine Jun 2024Non-pharmacological interventions have a myriad of available intervention options and contain multiple components. Whether specific components of non-pharmacological... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Non-pharmacological interventions have a myriad of available intervention options and contain multiple components. Whether specific components of non-pharmacological interventions or combinations are superior to others remains unclear. The main aim of this study is to compare the effects of different combinations of non-pharmacological interventions and their specific components on health-related outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and China's two largest databases, CNKI and Wanfang, were searched from inception to 22nd, January 2023. Randomized controlled trials using non-pharmacological interventions and reporting health outcomes in adults with subjective cognitive decline were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Component network meta-analysis was conducted employing an additive component model for network meta-analysis. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline and the PRISMA checklist is presented in Additional file 2.
RESULTS
A total of 39 trials with 2959 patients were included (range of mean ages, 58.79-77.41 years). Resistance exercise might be the optimal intervention for reducing memory complaints in adults with subjective cognitive decline; the surface under the cumulative ranking p score was 0.888, followed by balance exercise (p = 0.859), aerobic exercise (p = 0.832), and cognitive interventions (p = 0.618). Music therapy, cognitive training, transcranial direct current stimulation, mindfulness therapy, and balance exercises might be the most effective intervention components for improving global cognitive function (iSMD, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.29), language (iSMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.38), ability to perform activities of daily living (iSMD, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.89), physical health (iSMD, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.57 to 4.00), and anxiety relief (iSMD, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.26 to 1.16), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The form of physical activity performed appears to be more beneficial than cognitive interventions in reducing subjective memory complaints for adults with subjective cognitive decline, and this difference was reflected in resistance, aerobic, and balance exercises. Randomized clinical trials with high-quality and large-scale are warranted to validate the findings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registry number. CRD42022355363.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Dysfunction; Network Meta-Analysis; Middle Aged; Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 38937777
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03491-z