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Journal of Applied Physiology... Jun 2024Resistance training (RT) remains the most effective treatment for age-related declines in muscle mass. However, many older adults experience attenuated muscle...
Resistance training (RT) remains the most effective treatment for age-related declines in muscle mass. However, many older adults experience attenuated muscle hypertrophy in response to RT when compared to younger adults. This may be attributed to underlying molecular processes that are dysregulated by aging and exacerbated by improperly prescribed RT weekly volume, intensity, and/or frequency doses. MicroRNA (miRNA) are key epigenetic regulators that impact signaling pathways and protein expression within cells, are dynamic and responsive to exercise stimuli, and are often dysregulated in diseases. In this study, we used untargeted miRNA-seq to examine miRNA in skeletal muscle and serum-derived exosomes of older adults (n = 18, 11M/7F, 66±1y) who underwent 3x/wk RT for 30 weeks [e.g., high intensity 3x/wk (HHH, n = 9) or alternating high-low-high intensity (HLH, n = 9)], after a standardized four-week wash-in. Within each tissue, miRNAs were clustered into modules based on pairwise correlation using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA). Modules were tested for association with the magnitude of RT-induced thigh lean mass (TLM) change (as measured by DXA). While no modules were unique to training dose, we identified miRNA modules in skeletal muscle associated with TLM gains irrespective of exercise dose. Using miRNA-target interactions, we analyzed key miRNAs in significant modules for their potential regulatory involvement in biological pathways. Findings point toward potential miRNAs that may be informative biomarkers and could also be evaluated as potential therapeutic targets as an adjuvant to RT in order to maximize skeletal muscle mass accrual in older adults.
PubMed: 38932684
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00680.2023 -
Nutrients Jun 2024It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward... (Review)
Review
It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward anabolism. Factors such as nutrient quantity, nutrient quality, and nutrient timing significantly impact upon the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in optimizing the acute responses to resistance exercise and the adaptive response to resistance training (i.e., muscle growth and strength expression). Specifically, the aim of this review is to address carbohydrates (CHOs), protein (PRO), and/or amino acids (AAs) supplementation strategies, as there is growing evidence suggesting a link between nutrient signaling and the initiation of protein synthesis, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and the attenuation of myofibrillar protein degradation following resistance exercise. Collectively, the current scientific literature indicates that nutritional supplementation strategies utilizing CHO, PRO, and/or AA represents an important approach aimed at enhancing muscular responses for strength and power athletes, primarily increased muscular hypertrophy and enhanced strength expression. There appears to be a critical interaction between resistance exercise and nutrient-cell signaling associated with the principle of nutrient timing (i.e., pre-exercise, during, and post-exercise). Recommendations for nutritional supplementation strategies to promote muscular responses for strength and athletes are provided.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Carbohydrates; Resistance Training; Amino Acids; Athletes; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Strength; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38931241
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121886 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Previous studies have reported that TT genotype carriers of the adenosine A2a receptor () gene rs5751876 polymorphism have better ergogenic and anti-inflammatory... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Previous studies have reported that TT genotype carriers of the adenosine A2a receptor () gene rs5751876 polymorphism have better ergogenic and anti-inflammatory responses to caffeine intake compared to C allele carriers. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to investigate the association of the rs5751876 polymorphism with acute caffeine supplementation on hormonal (growth hormone and testosterone) response to resistance exercise (RE); (2) to examine the relationship between the rs5751876 polymorphism and the resting levels of growth hormone and testosterone in athletes who are light caffeine consumers. A double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involving 30 resistance-trained men (age 21.7 ± 4.1) was conducted to assess the impact of caffeine supplementation on serum growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (TS) levels before, immediately after, and 15 min post-RE. One hour before engaging in resistance exercise, subjects were randomly administered 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo (maltodextrin). After a 7-day washout period, the same protocol was repeated. Resting testosterone and growth hormone levels were examined in the sera of 94 elite athletes (31 females, age 21.4 ± 2.8; 63 males, age 22.9 ± 3.8). Caffeine consumption led to significantly greater increases in GH and TS in men with the TT genotype compared to C allele carriers. Furthermore, in the group of athletes, carriers of the TT genotype had significantly higher testosterone ( = 0.0125) and growth hormone ( = 0.0365) levels compared to C allele carriers. In conclusion, the gene rs5751876 polymorphism may modify the effect of caffeine intake on the hormonal response to exercise.
Topics: Humans; Caffeine; Male; Double-Blind Method; Cross-Over Studies; Resistance Training; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Young Adult; Testosterone; Adult; Female; Dietary Supplements; Athletes; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genotype; Human Growth Hormone; Polymorphism, Genetic; Exercise
PubMed: 38931158
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121803 -
Microorganisms May 2024Respiratory diseases arising from co-infections involving () and (Mo) pose a substantial threat to the sheep industry. This study focuses on the isolation and...
Respiratory diseases arising from co-infections involving () and (Mo) pose a substantial threat to the sheep industry. This study focuses on the isolation and identification of the strain extracted from the lung tissue of an argali hybrid sheep infected with Mo. Kunming mice were used as a model to assess the pathogenicity of . Subsequently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of was conducted using the Illumina NovaSeq PE150 platform. The whole genome sequencing analysis involved the construction of an evolutionary tree to depict conserved genes and the generation of a genome circle diagram. identified as serotype A, was named SHZ01. Our findings reveal that SHZ01 infection induces pathological manifestations, including hemorrhage and edema, in mice. The phylogenetic tree of conserved genes analyzing from different countries and different host sources indicates close relatedness between the SHZ01 strain and the 40540 strain (A:12), originating from turkeys in Denmark. The genome of SHZ01 comprises 2,378,508 base pairs (bp) with a GC content of 40.89%. Notably, this strain, designated , exhibits two distinct gene islands and harbors a total of 80 effector proteins associated with the Type III Secretion System (T3SS). The SHZ01 strain harbors 82 virulence genes and 54 resistance genes. In the SHZ01 strain, the proteins, genes, and related GO and KEGG pathways have been annotated. Exploring the relationship between these annotations and the pathogenicity of the SHZ01 strain would be valuable. This study holds great significance in further understanding the pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of the sheep-derived SHZ01 strain. Additionally, it contributes to our understanding of respiratory diseases in the context of co-infection.
PubMed: 38930454
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061072 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024In the process of particle erosion and electrochemical corrosion interaction, the electrolyte flow state change, product film destruction, and matrix structure change...
In the process of particle erosion and electrochemical corrosion interaction, the electrolyte flow state change, product film destruction, and matrix structure change caused by particle impact affect the electrochemical corrosion process. Such transient, complex physical and electrochemical changes are difficult to capture because of the short duration of action and the small collision area. The peak, step time, and recovery time in this transient step cycle can indirectly reflect the smoothness and reaction rate of the electrochemical reaction system, and thus characterize the resistance to scouring corrosion coupling damage of metals in liquid-solid two-phase flow. In this study, in order to obtain the electrochemical response at the moment of particle impact, electrochemical monitoring experiments using a specially designed miniature three-electrode system were used to test step-critical values, including step potential, current, and resistance, among others. Meanwhile, an electrochemical step model under particle impact considering boundary layer perturbation was developed. The experimental results reflect the effect law of particle impact velocity and particle size on the peak step and recovery period. Meanwhile, the effect of particle impingement on the electrochemical step of stainless steel in different electrolyte solutions was obtained by comparing the step curves in distilled water and Cl-containing water. The connection between the parameters in the electrochemical step model and in the particle impact, as well as the effect of the variation of these parameters on the surface repassivation process are discussed in this paper. By fitting and modeling the test curves, a new mathematical model of electrochemical step-decay under single-particle impact was obtained, which can be used to characterize the change pattern of electrochemical parameters on the metal surface before and after the impingement.
PubMed: 38930411
DOI: 10.3390/ma17123043 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been used in building joints due to its increased strength, crack resistance, and durability, serving as a repair material....
Bond Strength Assessment of Normal Strength Concrete-Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Repeated Drop-Weight Impact Test: Experimental and Machine Learning Technique.
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been used in building joints due to its increased strength, crack resistance, and durability, serving as a repair material. However, efficient repair depends on whether the interfacial substrate can provide adequate bond strength under various loading scenarios. The objective of this study is to investigate the bonding behavior of composite U-shaped normal strength concrete-ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (NSC-UHPFRC) specimens using multiple drop-weight impact testing techniques. The composite interface was treated using grooving (Gst), natural fracture (Nst), and smoothing (Sst) techniques. Ensemble machine learning (ML) algorithms comprising XGBoost and CatBoost, support vector machine (SVM), and generalized linear machine (GLM) were employed to train and test the simulation dataset to forecast the impact failure strength (2) composite U-shaped NSC-UHPFRC specimen. The results indicate that the reference NSC samples had the highest impact strength and surface treatment played a substantial role in ensuring the adequate bond strength of NSC-UHPFRC. NSC-UHPFRC-Nst can provide sufficient bond strength at the interface, resulting in a monolithic structure that can resist repeated drop-weight impact loads. NSC-UHPFRC-Sst and NSC-UHPFRC-Gst exhibit significant reductions in impact strength properties. The ensemble ML correctly predicts the failure strength of the NSC-UHPFRC composite. The XGBoost ensemble model gave coefficient of determination () values of approximately 0.99 and 0.9643 at the training and testing stages. The highest predictions were obtained using the GLM model, with an value of 0.9805 at the testing stage.
PubMed: 38930404
DOI: 10.3390/ma17123032 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness poses the highest risk of mortality. Long-COVID-19 survivors exhibit a reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). While exercise... (Review)
Review
: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness poses the highest risk of mortality. Long-COVID-19 survivors exhibit a reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). While exercise rehabilitation, such as cardiopulmonary exercise, is used for long-COVID-19 survivors, the effects of exercise on CRF in this population remain inconclusive. In this study, we aim to systematically summarise and synthesise whether exercise rehabilitation improves CRF among long-COVID-19 survivors. : A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (since their inception to November 2023) and study reference lists. Studies presenting the effects of exercise rehabilitation on CRF (peak oxygen consumption (VO) and six-minute walk distance (6MWD)) in long-COVID-19 survivors were identified. The standardised mean difference (SMD), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for analyses. The certainty of evidence was measured using a Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. : Twelve eligible studies (five RCTs and seven non-RCTs) with 682 participants were analysed. The meta-analysis showed significantly improved 6MWDs (MD 76.47, 95% CI 59.19-93.71, low certainty) and significantly greater 6MWDs (SMD 0.85, 95% CI 0.11-1.59, very low certainty) in the exercise rehabilitation group compared to the control group. A significantly improved 6MWD was found in subgroups of young to middle-aged adults and subgroups of patients who undertook aerobic exercise combined with resistance and respiratory exercise and centre-based training programs. : Exercise rehabilitation is effective for improving CRF, as measured by the 6MWD in long-COVID-19 survivors. Improvements are likely to be more pronounced in specific subgroups of young to middle-aged adults and patients undertaking aerobic exercise combined with resistance and respiratory exercise and centre-based training programs. However, recommendations for clinical practice are limited due to the very low evidence certainty.
PubMed: 38930148
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123621 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased...
: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased attention toward preventive intervention to tackle this issue. This study investigated the age-related effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), based on bodyweight resistance exercises conducted during physical education lessons, on muscle mass and strength improvement. : Adolescent males (n = 116) were allocated to four HIFT experimental groups (EGs) and four standard physical education program control groups (CGs) according to age (15, 16, 17, and 18 years [y]). The changes in muscle mass (absolute and relative to height [SMI]), hand-grip strength (HGS), sit-ups (SUs), and standing broad jump (SBJ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni tests. : HIFT significantly increased muscle mass and scores in all strength tests ( < 0.01), while chronological age was significant for HGS ( < 0.01). Interactions between HIFT and chronological age categories were observed for HGS ( = 0.01) and SBJ ( < 0.03). Detailed post hoc tests revealed improvement in muscle mass across all chronological age categories for both approaches ( < 0.05). The 18y-EG group improved HGS over their control peers ( < 0.01), the EG groups significantly improved their SU results ( < 0.01), and SBJ improved in the 15y-EG and 18y-EG groups compared to their control ( < 0.01). : This research highlights the effectiveness of a school-based HIFT program in promoting muscle mass gains and enhancing muscle strength among adolescents. The findings offer valuable insights for implementing bodyweight exercises during physical education classes.
PubMed: 38929929
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123400 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024The accruing evidence about the efficacy of anti-IL-1 agents in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients led to their widespread off-label use. Therefore,...
The accruing evidence about the efficacy of anti-IL-1 agents in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients led to their widespread off-label use. Therefore, identifying precise indications and clinical characteristics of IL-1i-warranting patients are important. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and treatment indications of patients with FMF requiring interleukin 1 inhibition therapy (IL-1i). Hospital records of FMF patients attending a tertiary care center at the Department of Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Data on symptoms and disease manifestations, age of symptom onset, time to diagnosis, MEFV variants, type of treatment, and their indications were collected. Between June 2020 and March 2023, 312 FMF patients were identified. The mean age at the onset of symptoms was 14.0, and the mean time to diagnosis was 11.9 years. In total, 87.1% of patients were receiving colchicine monotherapy, while the remaining 11.8% warranted IL-1i. Clinical symptoms and flare manifestations did not show a significant difference between the two groups. However, patients receiving IL-1i started having symptoms at younger age (11.5 vs. 14.5, = 0.042) and time to diagnosis was longer (18.2 vs. 11.0, < 0.01). M694V homozygosity was more common in patients receiving IL-1i. Indications for patients receiving IL-1i were colchicine resistance (8.0%), secondary amyloidosis (5.1%), and colchicine intolerance (2.2%). This study shows that a subset of FMF patients, particularly those with a more severe phenotype with an earlier disease onset and M694V homozygosity, require IL-1i treatment despite the overall good efficacy and tolerability of colchicine, primarily due to colchicine resistance, intolerance, or complications such as amyloidosis.
PubMed: 38929904
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123375 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: The World Health Organization reports that back pain is a major cause of disorder worldwide. It is the most common musculoskeletal disorder with limited pain, muscle...
: The World Health Organization reports that back pain is a major cause of disorder worldwide. It is the most common musculoskeletal disorder with limited pain, muscle tension, and stiffness, and 70-80% of all individuals experience it once in their lifetime, with higher prevalence in women than in men. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gluteal muscle strengthening exercise- based core stabilization training (GSE-based CST) on pain, function, fear-avoidance patterns, and quality of life in patients with chronic back pain. This study included 34 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Seventeen individuals each were included in GSE-based CST and control groups. The GSE-based CST group performed GSE and CST for 15 min, three times a week for four weeks, and the control group performed CST for 30 min a day, three times a week for four weeks. The numeric pain rating scale was used to evaluate pain before and after treatment, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire was used to evaluate function, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire was used to evaluate fear-avoidance patterns, and quality of life was measured using the short form-36. In this study, pain, function, and fear-avoidance pattern decreased significantly in both groups (All < 0.05). During the evaluation of quality of life, both groups showed significant increase in physical and mental factors ( < 0.05). There were significant differences in pain and quality of life ( < 0.05) between the GSE-based CST and control groups. Therefore, GSE-based CST can be used as a basis for effective intervention to enhance pain, function, fear-avoidance patterns, and quality of life, emphasizing the need for gluteal muscle strengthening exercises in patients with non-specific chronic back pain in the future.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Low Back Pain; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Exercise Therapy; Buttocks; Muscle Strength; Pain Measurement; Chronic Pain; Surveys and Questionnaires; Resistance Training; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38929466
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060849