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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek May 2024Biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic formulations in effective drug delivery. Despite of various positive attributes, these NPs are often...
Biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic formulations in effective drug delivery. Despite of various positive attributes, these NPs are often conjugated with various cytotoxic organic fluorophores for bioimaging, thereby reducing its effectiveness as a potential carrier. Herein, we aim to formulate biogenic fluorescent pigmented polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) NPs from Rhodanobacter sp. strain KT31 (OK001852) for drug delivery. The bacterial strain produced 0.5 g L of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from 2.04 g L of dry cell weight (DCW) under optimised conditions via submerged fermentation. Further, structural, thermal, and morphological charactersiation of the extracted PHAs was conducted using advance analytical technologies. IR spectra at 1719.25 cm confirmed presence of C = O functional group PHB. NMR and XRD analysis validated the chemical structure and crystallinity of PHB. TG-DTA revealed Tm (168 °C), Td (292 °C), and Xc (35%) of the PHB. FE-SEM imaging indicated rough surface of the PHB film and the biodegradability was confirmed from open windro composting. WST1 assay showed no significant cell death (> 50%) from 100 to 500 µg/mL, endorsing non-cytotoxic nature of PHB. PHB NPs were uniform, smooth and spherical with size distribution and mean zeta potential 44.73 nm and 0.5 mV. IR and XRD peaks obtained at 1721.75 cm and 48.42 Å denoted C = O and crystalline nature of PHB. Cell proliferation rate of PHB NPs was quite significant at 50 µg/mL, establishing the non-cytotoxic nature of NPs. Further, in vitro efficacy of the PHB NPs needs to be evaluated prior to the biomedical applications.
Topics: Nanoparticles; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Drug Delivery Systems; Hydroxybutyrates; Humans; Rhodospirillaceae; Drug Carriers; Prohibitins
PubMed: 38700529
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01973-x -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2024The commensal microbiota of the mosquito gut plays a complex role in determining the vector competence for arboviruses. In this study, we identified a bacterium from the...
The commensal microbiota of the mosquito gut plays a complex role in determining the vector competence for arboviruses. In this study, we identified a bacterium from the gut of field mosquitoes named sp. YN46 (YN46) that rendered mosquitoes refractory to infection with dengue and Zika viruses. Inoculation of 1.6 × 10 colony forming units (CFUs) of YN46 into mosquitoes effectively prevents viral infection. Mechanistically, this bacterium secretes glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), which acidifies the gut lumen of fed mosquitoes, causing irreversible conformational changes in the flavivirus envelope protein that prevent viral entry into cells. In semifield conditions, YN46 exhibits effective transstadial transmission in field mosquitoes, which blocks transmission of dengue virus by newly emerged adult mosquitoes. The prevalence of YN46 is greater in mosquitoes from low-dengue areas (52.9 to ~91.7%) than in those from dengue-endemic regions (0 to ~6.7%). YN46 may offer an effective and safe lead for flavivirus biocontrol.
Topics: Animals; Aedes; Symbiosis; Dengue Virus; Mosquito Vectors; Zika Virus; Dengue; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Acetobacteraceae; Female; Viral Envelope Proteins; Flavivirus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 38669573
DOI: 10.1126/science.adn9524 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Jul 2024Alterations in microbiota composition have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Patients with adenomyosis present immune dysregulation leading to a persistent... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Alterations in microbiota composition have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. Patients with adenomyosis present immune dysregulation leading to a persistent chronic inflammatory response. In this context, the hypothesis that alterations in the microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, by affecting the epigenetic, immunologic, and biochemical functions of the host, has recently been postulated. The aim of the present study was to compare the microbiota composition in the vagina, endometrium, and gut of individuals with and without adenomyosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study including 38 adenomyosis patients and 46 controls, performed between September 2021 and October 2022 in a university hospital-based research center. The diagnosis of adenomyosis was based on sonographic criteria. Fecal, vaginal, and endometrial samples were collected. Study of the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Patients with adenomyosis exhibited a significant reduction in the gut microbial alpha diversity compared with healthy controls (Chao1 p = 0.012, Fisher p = 0.005, Observed species p = 0.005). Beta-diversity analysis showed significant differences in the compositions of both gut and vaginal microbiota between adenomyosis patients and the control group (Adonis p-value = 0.001; R = 0.03 and Adonis p-value = 0.034; R = 0.04 respectively). Specific bacterial taxa were found to be either overrepresented (Rhodospirillales, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Ruminococcaceae, and Actinomyces) or underrepresented in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients compared with controls. Distinct microbiota profiles were identified among patients with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed reduced gut microbiota diversity in adenomyosis patients, accompanied by distinct compositions in gut and vaginal microbiota compared with controls. Overrepresented or underrepresented bacterial taxa were noted in the gut and endometrial microbiota of adenomyosis patients, with variations in microbiota profiles among those with internal and external adenomyosis phenotypes. These findings suggest a potential association between microbiota and adenomyosis, indicating the need for further research to comprehensively understand the implications of these differences.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adenomyosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Vagina; Endometrium; Middle Aged; Case-Control Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38661227
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14847 -
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2024Water stress is a major danger to crop yield, hence new approaches to strengthen plant resilience must be developed. To lessen the negative effects of water stress on...
BACKGROUND
Water stress is a major danger to crop yield, hence new approaches to strengthen plant resilience must be developed. To lessen the negative effects of water stress on wheat plants, present study was arranged to investigate the role of synergistic effects of biochar, trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), and Azospirillum brasilense on soil improvement and enzymatic activity in water-stressed wheat.
RESULTS
In a three-replication experiment comprising of four treatments (T: Control, T: Drought stress (DS), T: DS + t-ZR with biochar, T: DS + A. brasilense with biochar), we observed notable improvements in soil quality and enzymatic activities in water-stressed wheat plants with the application of t-ZR and A. brasilense with biochar. In drought stress, Treatment having the application of A. brasilense with biochar performs best as compared to the other and significant increased the enzymatic activities such as peroxidase (7.36%), catalase (8.53%), superoxide dismutase (6.01%), polyphenol oxidase (14.14%), and amylase (16.36%) in wheat plants. Different enzymatic activities showed different trends of results. Soil organic C, dissolved organic C, dissolved organic N also enhanced 29.46%, 8.59%, 22.70% respectively with the application of A. brasilense with biochar under drought stress condition.
CONCLUSIONS
The synergistic action of A. brasilense and biochar creates an effective microbiological environment that supports essential plant physiological processes during drought stress. This enhancement is attributed to improved soil fertility and increased organic matter content, highlighting the potential of these novel strategies in mitigating water stress effects and enhancing crop resilience.
Topics: Triticum; Azospirillum brasilense; Charcoal; Soil; Dehydration; Droughts
PubMed: 38654167
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05038-z -
Bioresource Technology Jun 2024Chemical production wastewater contains large amounts of organic solvents (OSs), which pose a significant threat to the environment. In this study, a 10 g·L styrene...
Chemical production wastewater contains large amounts of organic solvents (OSs), which pose a significant threat to the environment. In this study, a 10 g·L styrene oxide tolerant strain with broad-spectrum OSs tolerance was obtained via adaptive laboratory evolution. The mechanisms underlying the high OS tolerance of tolerant strain were investigated by integrating physiological, multi-omics, and genetic engineering analyses. Physiological changes are one of the main factors responsible for the high OS tolerance in mutant strains. Moreover, the P-type ATPase GOX_RS04415 and the LysR family transcriptional regulator GOX_RS04700 were also verified as critical genes for styrene oxide tolerance. The tolerance mechanisms of OSs can be used in biocatalytic chassis cell factories to synthesize compounds and degrade environmental pollutants. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the toxicological response to OS stress and offers potential targets for enhancing the solvent tolerance of G. oxydans.
Topics: Mutation; Epoxy Compounds; Gluconobacter oxydans; Solvents; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38642663
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130674 -
Molecular Biology Reports Apr 2024Komagataeibacter nataicola (K. nataicola) is a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium that produces natural bacterial cellulose (BC) as a fermentation product under acidic...
BACKGROUND
Komagataeibacter nataicola (K. nataicola) is a gram-negative acetic acid bacterium that produces natural bacterial cellulose (BC) as a fermentation product under acidic conditions. The goal of this work was to study the complete genome of K. nataicola and gain insight into the functional genes in K. nataicola that are responsible for BC synthesis in acidic environments.
METHODS AND RESULT
The pure culture of K. nataicola was obtained from yeast-glucose-calcium carbonate (YGC) agar, followed by genomic DNA extraction, and subjected to whole genome sequencing on a Nanopore flongle flow cell. The genome of K. nataicola consists of a 3,767,936 bp chromosome with six contigs and 4,557 protein coding sequences. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree and average nucleotide identity analysis confirmed that the bacterial isolate was K. nataicola. The gene annotation via RAST server discovered the presence of cellulose synthase, along with three genes associated with lactate utilization and eight genes involved in lactate fermentation that could potentially contribute to the increase in acid concentration during BC synthesis.
CONCLUSION
A more comprehensive genome study of K. nataicola may shed light into biological pathway in BC productivity as well as benefit the analysis of metabolites generated and understanding of biological and chemical interactions in BC production later.
Topics: Food Loss and Waste; Cellulose; Phylogeny; Food; Refuse Disposal; Whole Genome Sequencing; Lactates; Acetobacteraceae
PubMed: 38600404
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09492-8 -
Journal of Food Science May 2024It is crucial to clarify the stability of Kombucha in the manufacture and storage stages due to the extensive study on the fermented products of Kombucha and the...
It is crucial to clarify the stability of Kombucha in the manufacture and storage stages due to the extensive study on the fermented products of Kombucha and the increase in the use of bacterial cellulose (BC). This study aimed to evaluate the stability of Kombucha in different manufacturing and storage temperatures within a certain time period. The stability of microorganisms and BC in Kombucha was investigated through regular replacement with the tea media at 28 and 25°C for manufacture, and the storage temperature of Kombucha was at 25, 4, and -20°C. Morphological observations of the BC in Kombucha ended at 28 and 25°C for manufacture and storage were performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) before inoculation. The viable cell counts and AFM results showed that the stability of Kombucha during manufacture was better at 28°C than at 25°C, with higher microbial viability and BC productivity in the former at the time of manufacture, whereas 25°C was more favorable for the stability of Kombucha during storage. At the same temperature of 25°C, the manufacturing practice improved the microbial viability and BC stability compared with storage; the pH value of Kombucha was lower, and the dry weight of BC was higher during storage compared with manufacture. The maximum BC water holding capacity (97.16%) was maintained by storage at 4°C on day 63, and the maximum BC swelling rate (56.92%) was observed after storage at -20°C on day 7. The research was conducted to provide reference information for applying Kombucha and its BC in food and development in other industries.
Topics: Cellulose; Temperature; Fermentation; Food Storage; Food Microbiology; Kombucha Tea; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbial Viability; Acetobacteraceae; Food Handling
PubMed: 38591324
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16975 -
Chinese Medicine Apr 2024Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the function of nourishing blood, warming meridians, and unblocking collaterals. Our clinical...
Danggui Sini decoction alleviates oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.
BACKGROUND
Danggui Sini decoction (DSD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has the function of nourishing blood, warming meridians, and unblocking collaterals. Our clinical and animal studies had shown that DSD can effectively protect against oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN), but the detailed mechanisms remain uncertain. Multiple studies have confirmed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of OIPN. In this study, the potential mechanism of protective effect of DSD against OIPN by regulating gut microbiota was investigated.
METHODS
The neuroprotective effects of DSD against OIPN were examined on a rat model of OIPN by determining mechanical allodynia, biological features of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) as well as proinflammatory indicators. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was characterized using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and metabolism disorders were evaluated using untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Moreover the gut microbiota mediated mechanisms were validated by antibiotic intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation.
RESULTS
DSD treatment significantly alleviated OIPN symptoms by relieving mechanical allodynia, preserving DRG integrity and reducing proinflammatory indicators lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-6 and TNF-α. Besides, DSD restored OXA induced intestinal barrier disruption, gut microbiota dysbiosis as well as systemic metabolic disorders. Correlation analysis revealed that DSD increased bacterial genera such as Faecalibaculum, Allobaculum, Dubosiella and Rhodospirillales_unclassified were closely associated with neuroinflammation related metabolites, including positively with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0), and negatively with pi-methylimidazoleacetic acid, L-glutamine and homovanillic acid. Meanwhile, antibiotic intervention apparently relieved OIPN symptoms. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed the mediated effects of gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
DSD alleviates OIPN by regulating gut microbiota and potentially relieving neuroinflammation related metabolic disorder.
PubMed: 38584284
DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00929-7 -
Cell Reports Apr 2024Microbial invasions underlie host-microbe interactions resulting in pathogenesis and probiotic colonization. In this study, we explore the effects of the microbiome on...
Microbial invasions underlie host-microbe interactions resulting in pathogenesis and probiotic colonization. In this study, we explore the effects of the microbiome on microbial invasion in Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that gut microbes Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Acetobacter tropicalis improve survival and lead to a reduction in microbial burden during infection. Using a microbial interaction assay, we report that L. plantarum inhibits the growth of invasive bacteria, while A. tropicalis reduces this inhibition. We further show that inhibition by L. plantarum is linked to its ability to acidify its environment via lactic acid production by lactate dehydrogenase, while A. tropicalis diminishes the inhibition by quenching acids. We propose that acid from the microbiome is a gatekeeper to microbial invasions, as only microbes capable of tolerating acidic environments can colonize the host. The methods and findings described herein will add to the growing breadth of tools to study microbe-microbe interactions in broad contexts.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Microbiota; Acetobacter; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus plantarum; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid
PubMed: 38583152
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114087 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2024Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell surface component of Gram-negative bacteria, activates innate immunity. Its active principle is the terminal glycolipid lipid A....
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell surface component of Gram-negative bacteria, activates innate immunity. Its active principle is the terminal glycolipid lipid A. Acetobacter pasteurianus is a Gram-negative bacterium used in the fermentation of traditional Japanese black rice vinegar (kurozu). In this study, we focused on A. pasteurianus lipid A, which is a potential immunostimulatory component of kurozu. The active principle structure of A. pasteurianus lipid A has not yet been identified. Herein, we first systematically synthesized three types of A. pasteurianus lipid As containing a common and unique tetrasaccharide backbone. We developed an efficient method for constructing the 2-trehalosamine skeleton utilizing borinic acid-catalyzed glycosylation to afford 1,1'-α,α-glycoside in high yield and stereoselectivity. A common tetrasaccharide intermediate with an orthogonal protecting group pattern was constructed via [2+2] glycosylation. After introducing various fatty acids, all protecting groups were removed to achieve the first chemical synthesis of three distinct types of A. pasteurianus lipid As. After evaluating their immunological function using both human and murine cell lines, we identified the active principles of A. pasteurianus LPS. We also found the unique anomeric structure of A. pasteurianus lipid A contributes to its high chemical stability.
Topics: Lipid A; Humans; Mice; Acetobacter; Animals; Oligosaccharides; Glycosylation
PubMed: 38581637
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402922