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Diseases of the Esophagus : Official... Jun 2024Rumination is a behavioral disorder characterized by regurgitation of food without retching. It is diagnosed clinically by the Rome Criteria and treated primarily by...
Rumination is a behavioral disorder characterized by regurgitation of food without retching. It is diagnosed clinically by the Rome Criteria and treated primarily by diaphragmatic breathing. Despite diagnosis and follow-up being based on symptomatic responses to therapies, there are no published or validated questionnaires. To address this care-gap, a rumination questionnaire was developed and reviewed by two expert esophagologists and five patients diagnosed with rumination. Ultimately, an eight-point questionnaire with scoring ranging from -1 to 10 was finalized. This newly developed questionnaire was implemented on five additional patients diagnosed clinically with rumination syndrome with improvement after interventions noted.
Topics: Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Rumination Syndrome; Female; Male; Adult; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38369565
DOI: 10.1093/dote/doae009 -
Psychiatry Research Apr 2024Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic symptom observed across mood and anxiety disorders and is characterized by frequent, distressing thoughts that...
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic symptom observed across mood and anxiety disorders and is characterized by frequent, distressing thoughts that are perceived as uncontrollable. Specific forms of RNT have been linked to increased suicide risk. However, most work examining links between RNT and suicide has been conducted within specific disorders and subtypes of RNT (e.g., rumination in individuals with depression). The present study aimed to investigate associations between transdiagnostic RNT and suicidal ideation. We hypothesized RNT would be associated with suicide risk beyond disorder-specific clinical symptoms. Fifty-four participants with mood, anxiety, and/or traumatic stress disorders completed an interview assessing suicidal risk (Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)) and self-report questionnaires assessing transdiagnostic RNT, depression, and anxiety. Based on C-SSRS, we divided participants into high or low suicide risk groups. We analyzed the relationship between suicidal risk group and RNT and found that RNT was uniquely associated with suicidal risk group, controlling for depression and anxiety severity. Our results suggest including assessments of RNT may have clinical utility for understanding the degree of suicide risk in individuals and point to the potential utility of including clinical interventions to target this symptom for those at high risk of suicide.
Topics: Humans; Pessimism; Suicidal Ideation; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38367453
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115787 -
European Journal of Pediatrics May 2024Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by a variety of symptoms that are frequently age-dependent, chronic, or recurrent and are not explained...
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by a variety of symptoms that are frequently age-dependent, chronic, or recurrent and are not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. There are studies in the literature reporting different results regarding the relationship between prematurity and FGIDs. The main objective of this study was to compare the frequency of FGIDs between preterm and term infants. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether there was any association between neonatal characteristics and development of FGIDs. A multicenter prospective cohort study that included preterm infants born before 37 weeks of gestation and healthy term infants was carried out. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, infants were assessed for the presence of FGIDs using the Rome IV criteria. In preterm infants, an additional follow-up visit was made at 12 months corrected age. 134 preterm and 104 term infants were enrolled in the study. Infantile colic, rumination syndrome, functional constipation, and infant dyschezia were more common in preterm infants. Incidence of other FGIDs (infant regurgitation, functional diarrhea and cyclic vomiting syndrome) were similar among preterm and term infants. Preterm infants who are exclusively breastfeed in the first 6 months of life have a lower incidence of infantile colic (18.8% vs 52.1%, p = 0.025). In terms of chronological age, FGIDs symptoms started later in preterm infants; this difference was statistically significant for infantile colic and regurgitation (median age 2 months vs 1 month, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Preterm infants have a higher prevalence of FGIDs compared with term controls. Therefore, especially if they have gastrointestinal complaints, they should be screened for FGIDs. Possibly due to maturational differences, the time of occurrence of FGIDs may differ in preterm infants. Infantile colic incidence decreases with exclusive breastfeeding. What is Known: • The functional gastrointestinal disorders are a very common in infancy. • Data on preterm infants with FGIDs are currently very limited. What is New: • Preterm infants have a higher incidence of infantile colic, rumination syndrome, functional constipation and infant dyschezia when compared to term infants. • Preterm infants who are exclusively breastfed during the first 6 months of life experience a lower incidence of infantile colic.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Female; Infant, Newborn; Male; Infant, Premature; Infant; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Incidence; Neonatal Screening; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38347262
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05451-4 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2023Rumination, defined as intrusive and repetitive thoughts in response to negative emotions, uncertainty, and inconsistency between goal and current situation, is a...
INTRODUCTION
Rumination, defined as intrusive and repetitive thoughts in response to negative emotions, uncertainty, and inconsistency between goal and current situation, is a significant risk factor for depressive disorders. The rumination literature presents diverse findings on functional connectivity and shows heterogeneity in research methods. This systematic review seeks to integrate these findings and provide readers diverse perspectives.
METHOD
For this purpose, the literature on functional connectivity in rumination was reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Regional connectivity and network connectivity results were scrutinized according to the presence of depression, research methods, and type of rumination. After screening 492 articles, a total of 36 studies were included.
RESULTS
The results showed that increased connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) was consistently reported. Other important findings include alterations in the connectivity between the DMN and the frontoparietal network and the salience network (SN) and impaired regulatory function of the SN. Region-level connectivity studies consistently show that increased connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex is associated with rumination, which may cause the loss of control of the frontoparietal network over self-referential processes. We have seen that the number of studies examining brooding and reflective rumination as separate dimensions are relatively limited. Although there are overlaps between the connectivity patterns of the two types of rumination in these studies, it can be thought that reflective rumination is more associated with more increased functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there are many consistent functional connectivity outcomes associated with trait rumination, less is known about connectivity changes during state rumination. Relatively few studies have taken into account the subjective aspect of this thinking style. In order to better explain the relationship between rumination and depression, rumination induction studies during episode and remission periods of depression are needed.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Brain Mapping; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prefrontal Cortex; Rumination, Cognitive
PubMed: 38346167
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2315312 -
Research Square Jan 2024Anhedonia is a core aspect of major depressive disorder. Traditionally viewed as a blunted emotional state in which individuals are unable to experience joy, anhedonia...
Anhedonia is a core aspect of major depressive disorder. Traditionally viewed as a blunted emotional state in which individuals are unable to experience joy, anhedonia also diminishes the drive to seek rewards and the ability to value and learn about them .The neural underpinnings of anhedonia and how this emotional state drives related behavioral changes remain unclear. Here, we investigated these questions by taking advantage of the fact that when mice are exposed to traumatic social stress, susceptible animals become socially withdrawn and anhedonic, where they cease to seek high-value rewards, while others remain resilient. By performing high density electrophysiological recordings and comparing neural activity patterns of these groups in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral CA1 (vCA1) of awake behaving animals, we identified neural signatures of susceptibility and resilience to anhedonia. When animals actively sought rewards, BLA activity in resilient mice showed stronger discrimination between upcoming reward choices. In contrast, susceptible mice displayed a rumination-like signature, where BLA neurons encoded the intention to switch or stay on a previously chosen reward. When animals were at rest, the spontaneous BLA activity of susceptible mice was higher dimensional than in controls, reflecting a greater number of distinct neural population states. Notably, this spontaneous activity allowed us to decode group identity and to infer if a mouse had a history of stress better than behavioral outcomes alone. Finally, targeted manipulation of vCA1 inputs to the BLA in susceptible mice rescued dysfunctional neural dynamics, amplified dynamics associated with resilience, and reversed their anhedonic behavior. This work reveals population-level neural signatures that explain individual differences in responses to traumatic stress, and suggests that modulating vCA1-BLA inputs can enhance resilience by regulating these dynamics.
PubMed: 38343839
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3581329/v1 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Apr 2024Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report difficulties accessing and describing positive memories. To understand these patterns, we examined...
Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report difficulties accessing and describing positive memories. To understand these patterns, we examined daily-level relations of PTSD symptoms with affective, cognitive (dwelling/rumination; pushing memory out of one's mind; suppression; avoidance; distraction; thinking about something else; remembering negative or positive memories/events; negative or positive thoughts; accepting or disapproving memory; reinterpreting memory), and behavioral (using alcohol/drugs; smoking cigarettes; cravings for or seeking out cigarettes/alcohol/drugs; craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food; dissociation; engaging in risky behaviors; sharing memories; interference with ongoing task; arousal) reactions to retrieving positive memories. Eighty-eight trauma survivors (M= 39.89 years; 59.1% female) completed 7 daily measures of PTSD and reactions to retrieving positive memories. Days with more PTSD severity were associated with higher odds of same-day suppression, avoidance, distraction, thinking about something else, smoking cigarettes, craving substances, craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food, dissociation, remembering negative memories/events/thoughts, engaging in risky behaviors, interference with ongoing tasks, and arousal (ORs=1.10-1.22); and greater negative affect (β = 0.27). Supplemental lagged analyses indicated some associations between previous-day reactions to positive memory retrieval and next-day PTSD severity and vice versa. Trauma survivors with PTSD symptoms report negative and avoidance-oriented reactions to retrieving positive memories.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall; Cognition; Arousal
PubMed: 38325241
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102842 -
BMC Gastroenterology Feb 2024The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment (UP) with the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the emotional... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparing the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional disorders, rumination, and life satisfaction in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment (UP) with the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the emotional disorders, rumination, and life satisfaction in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
METHOD
The present study was a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. Between the winter of 2021 and the end of spring 2022, Taleghani Hospital in Tehran received referrals from the statistical population of IBS patients. Of them, 30 individuals (15 in each group) were chosen by convenience sampling and then randomly allocated to groups. UP (It is emotion-based and intervenes in comorbid symptoms), and ACT treatments were provided to the participants online. The participants in the UP and ACT groups received the desired treatments in eight weekly sessions of 45-60 min.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between UP pre-test and ACT regarding depression, anxiety, rumination, and life satisfaction (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between UP and ACT post-test in terms of depression, rumination, and life satisfaction (P > 0.05), but due to anxiety, their difference was significant (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test phases of UP and ACT regarding depression, anxiety, and rumination (P < 0.05). Still, they had no significant difference regarding life satisfaction (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Therefore, it is suggested that specialists use UP and ACT as effective psychological treatments for the emotional symptoms of IBS patients to improve psychological symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Patient Satisfaction; Iran; Personal Satisfaction; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38321387
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03142-w -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2023Concerns about food intake, weight and body shape can trigger negatively loaded emotions, which may prompt the use of cognitive strategies to regulate these emotional...
Concerns about food intake, weight and body shape can trigger negatively loaded emotions, which may prompt the use of cognitive strategies to regulate these emotional states. A novel fMRI task was developed to assess the neurobehavioral correlates of cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns, such as self-criticism, avoidance, rumination, and self-reassurance. Fourteen healthy females were presented audio sentences referring to these conditions and instructed to repeat these internally while engaging their thoughts with the content of food or body images. Participants were asked to report the elicited emotion and rate their performance. All cognitive strategies recruited a network including the inferior and superior frontal gyri, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and dorsal striatum. These brain regions are involved in emotional, reward and inhibitory control processing. Representational similarity analysis revealed distinct patterns of neural responses for each cognitive strategy. Additionally, self-report measures showed that self-criticism was positively associated with superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation. Self-compassion scores were negatively correlated with activations in the insula and right putamen, while self-reassurance scores were negatively associated with activity in the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings identify a neural network underlying cognitive strategies related to eating, weight and body image concerns, where neurobehavioral correlation patterns depend on the cognitive strategy.
PubMed: 38318273
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1274817 -
BMC Psychology Feb 2024Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses cognitive and emotional challenges for Chinese children. This study addresses the potential benefits of Working...
The effects of working memory training on attention deficit, adaptive and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation of Chinese children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
BACKGROUND
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses cognitive and emotional challenges for Chinese children. This study addresses the potential benefits of Working Memory Training for ADHD-affected children. Understanding its impact on Attention, cognitive regulation, and emotional responses is crucial for tailored interventions in the Chinese context. The Trial Registration Number (TRN) for this study is [TRN-2023-123,456], and it was officially registered on July 15, 2023, by Changchun Normal University.
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated how Working Memory training influences Attention, adaptive cognitive regulation, and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in Chinese children with ADHD. It also assessed changes in attentional focus, improvements in adaptive cognitive regulation, and alterations in non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
METHODOLOGY
This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the impact of working memory training on Chinese children with ADHD. Using pretest-posttest measures, 120 female students underwent Cogmed software training, targeting attention deficits and cognitive emotion regulation. Three reliable instruments measured outcomes. The procedure involved informed consent, questionnaires, 25 training sessions, and a two-month follow-up. Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA, assessed training effects.
RESULTS
ANOVA revealed a significant impact of Working memory training on attention deficit. Repeated measures ANOVA for cognitive emotion regulation indicated positive changes in adaptive and non-adaptive strategies over time, with sustained improvements in self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others. Bonferroni follow-up tests showed significant differences between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, favoring the post-test and follow-up tests.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this research sheds light on the positive impact of memory training on Attention and cognitive emotion regulation in children with ADHD. The study underscores the potential of working memory interventions, particularly software-focused approaches, in enhancing attention levels and improving cognitive emotion regulation. The findings align with existing literature emphasizing the role of working memory deficits in ADHD.
IMPLICATIONS
Practically, incorporating memory training interventions into educational settings emerges as a viable strategy to support children with ADHD. This includes integrating memory training programs into both classroom activities and home-based interventions. Additionally, sustained implementation and long-term follow-up assessments are crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of memory training interventions. Tailoring interventions to specific ADHD subtypes and seamlessly integrating memory training activities into daily routines offer practical and personalized solutions for managing ADHD symptoms in diverse settings.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Memory, Short-Term; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Emotional Regulation; Cognitive Training; Cognition
PubMed: 38317179
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01539-6 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Due to their similar behavioral presentation, it can sometimes be challenging to distinguish between a social anxiety disorder (SAD) and the social avoidance that is...
INTRODUCTION
Due to their similar behavioral presentation, it can sometimes be challenging to distinguish between a social anxiety disorder (SAD) and the social avoidance that is frequently described in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moreover, a growing body of evidences is reporting that a significant proportion of subjects with ASD also meet the requirements for SAD and, vice versa, subjects with SAD tend to exhibit a higher prevalence of autistic traits.
AIM
In this framework, the current study aims to evaluate prevalence and correlates of autistic traits in a sample of adult subjects diagnosed with SAD and healthy controls (HC), also evaluating which autism spectrum dimensions may statistically predict higher SAD symptoms.
METHODS
56 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of SAD and 56 gender and age matched HC were recruited from the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Pisa. Subjects were assessed with the SCID-5, the Social Anxiety Spectrum - Short Version (SHY- SV) and the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum).
RESULTS
SAD group scored significantly higher in all AdAS Spectrum and SHY-SV domains and total score compared to the HC group with no significant gender difference. SHY-SV total and domain scores, were strongly and positively and strongly correlated with all AdAS Spectrum domains and total score. AdAS Spectrum total score and and domain scores score were significant predictors of higher SHY-SV score.
CONCLUSION
Our results confirm the link between SAD and autistic traits also in adult population, describing not only high levels of autistic traits in SAD adults, but also significant correlations between many core features of the two disorders and a predictive role of autistic traits on higher SAD symptoms.
PubMed: 38312918
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1320558