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The American Journal of Tropical... May 2024Information on notifiable bacterial diseases (NBD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is frequently incomplete. We developed the AutoMated tool for the...
Information on notifiable bacterial diseases (NBD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is frequently incomplete. We developed the AutoMated tool for the Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System plus (AMASSplus), which can support hospitals to analyze their microbiology and hospital data files automatically (in CSV or Excel format) and promptly generate antimicrobial resistance surveillance and NBD reports (in PDF and CSV formats). The NBD reports included the total number of cases and deaths after Brucella spp., Burkholderia pseudomallei, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Shigella spp., Streptococcus suis, and Vibrio spp. infections. We tested the tool in six hospitals in Thailand in 2022. The total number of deaths identified by the AMASSplus was higher than those reported to the national notifiable disease surveillance system (NNDSS); particularly for B. pseudomallei infection (134 versus 2 deaths). This tool could support the NNDSS in LMICs.
PubMed: 38806021
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0848 -
The Lancet. Global Health Feb 2017Improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. In this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of...
BACKGROUND
Improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. In this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of sepsis in southeast Asia.
METHODS
In this multinational multicentre cross-sectional study of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis, we prospectively recruited children (age ≥30 days and <18 years) and adults (age ≥18 years) at 13 public hospitals in Indonesia (n=3), Thailand (n=4), and Vietnam (n=6). Hospitalised patients with suspected or documented community-acquired infection, with at least three diagnostic criteria for sepsis according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012, and within 24 h of admission were enrolled. Blood from every patient, and nasopharyngeal swab, urine, stool, and cerebrospinal fluid, if indicated, were collected for reference diagnostic tests to identify causative pathogens. We report causative pathogens of sepsis and 28-day mortality. We also estimate mortality associated with enrolment with severe sepsis. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02157259.
FINDINGS
From Dec 16, 2013, to Dec 14, 2015, 4736 patients were screened and 1578 patients (763 children and 815 adults) were enrolled. Dengue viruses (n=122 [8%]), Leptospira spp (n=95 [6%]), rickettsial pathogens (n=96 [6%]), Escherichia coli (n=76 [5%]), and influenza viruses (n=65 [4%]) were commonly identified in both age groups; whereas Plasmodium spp (n=12 [1%]) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (n=3 [0·2%]) were rarely observed. Emerging pathogens identified included hantaviruses (n=28 [2%]), non-typhoidal Salmonella spp (n=21 [1%]), Streptococcus suis (n=18 [1%]), Acinetobacter spp (n=12 [1%]), and Burkholderia pseudomallei (n=5 [<1%]). 28-day mortality occurred in 14 (2%) of 731 children with known statuses and 108 (13%) of 804 adults. Severe sepsis was identified on enrolment in 194 (28%) of 731 children and 546 (68%) of 804 adults, and was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 5·3, 95% CI 2·7-10·4; p<0·001).
INTERPRETATION
Sepsis in southeast Asia is caused by a wide range of known and emerging pathogens, and is associated with substantial mortality.
FUNDING
National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA, and Wellcome Trust, UK.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Indonesia; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Sepsis; Thailand; Vietnam; Virus Diseases; Viruses; Young Adult
PubMed: 28104185
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30007-4 -
Experimental Parasitology Aug 1991A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to examine the structure of the muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis under the light microscope. Immunofluorescence and, in...
A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to examine the structure of the muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis under the light microscope. Immunofluorescence and, in some cases, immunoperoxidase staining were used. All four antibodies reacted with the cuticle of the organism, although differences in the staining pattern were observed for some of these. Interestingly, all the antibodies also reacted with the stichosome. One of the antibodies (Ts2Ab) is specific for the hapten, phosphorylcholine. In a binding assay, this antibody also reacted with extracts of Trichuris suis, Ascaris suum, and Fasciolopsis buski, but not with extracts derived from Cysticercus cellulosae, Candida albicans, Salmonella typhi, or Escherichia coli. This crossreactivity was confirmed microscopically in which the cuticle, oviduct and eggs of T. suis, the cuticle, muscle cells, and eggs of A. suum, and the cuticle and vitelline glands of F. buski were seen to be clearly stained by the antibody. In addition, Ts2Ab also reacted with the cuticle and stichosome of the adult T. spiralis worm. In Western blot analysis, Ts2Ab recognized a 43-kDa antigen from T. spiralis muscle larvae extracts, while a previously studied antibody (7C2C5Ab) identified four major antigens (48.5, 47, 43, and 39 kDa) in this preparation. Similar results were obtained when the 24-hr excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of T. spiralis were immunoblotted with the antibodies, although the reactivity shown by Ts2Ab was relatively weak. With the 72-hr ES material, on the other hand, major antigens of lower mol wt (44, 28, and 25 kDa) were revealed by 7C2C5Ab, and no reactivity was seen with Ts2Ab. However, this antigen preparation reacted well with both antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Taken together, the findings suggest that the 72-hr ES antigens probably result from extensive degradation of material originally secreted or excreted by the worm. Similar binding studies on the 24-hr ES preparation indicated that this source may be relatively rich in 7C2C5Ab-reactive epitopes and relatively poor in the antigen identified by Ts2Ab. Other studies performed demonstrated that the antigens recognized by these two antibodies were distinct and physically unassociated.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Helminth; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Haptens; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Phosphorylcholine; Trichinella
PubMed: 1889472
DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(91)90020-w -
Polskie Archiwum Weterynaryjne 1987Effect of sodium chloride, glucose, sodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitraite, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, polyphosphates (Hamine) on...
Effect of sodium chloride, glucose, sodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitraite, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, polyphosphates (Hamine) on antagonistic activity of enterococci and various bacteria isolated from cured meat against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi-murium, Salmonella cholerae-suis, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum type A, Clostridium botulinum type B, Clostridium botulinum type E, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium perfringens type A, Clostridium sporogenes. It was found that some of the chemical compounds examined increased the antagonistic effect and other compounds partly or totally inhibited it. Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrate, glucose, and ascorbic acid in majority of cases increased antagonism and sodium citrate and polyphosphates restrained this phenomenon.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Bacillaceae; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Preservatives; In Vitro Techniques; Meat; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 3506173
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Feb 1986Salmonella belonging to 47 serotypes was isolated from animals at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during the years 1974 to 1983....
Salmonella belonging to 47 serotypes was isolated from animals at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during the years 1974 to 1983. Salmonella belonging to 12 serotypes accounted for 89% of the 725 isolates. Salmonella typhimurium (including var copenhagen) was the most commonly isolated serotype, but during 1981 to 1983, S krefeld and S saint-paul were predominant. Certain serotypes seemed to be isolated more frequently from extraintestinal sources (S typhi-suis, S dublin). Although resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides was common (greater than 60% of the isolates were resistant), resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfonamides was infrequent, except for isolates of S krefeld and S saint-paul.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Goats; Horses; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Serotyping; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 3954196
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinarno-meditsinski Nauki 1984A total of 25,114 samples taken from fetuses, pigs, adult swine, feces, environmental objects, etc. in 6 regions of this country were studied bacteriologically in...
A total of 25,114 samples taken from fetuses, pigs, adult swine, feces, environmental objects, etc. in 6 regions of this country were studied bacteriologically in 1976-1980, and in 1970-1975 a retrospective analysis was made of data of investigations with pigs in the same regions. The sample study led to the isolation of 1,495 strains of 21 Salmonella species of the B, C, D, and E groups. At the same time 9 Salmonella species were isolated from pigs, while during the second period the number of the isolated Salmonella spp. was 16. It was found that the strains belonging to S. cholerae-suis were highest in number (87.61 per cent of all isolated strains), whereupon beside the autochtonic var. kunzendorf there were also findings of var. america. By frequency of isolation the ubiquitous S. typhi-murium ranked four as isolated from pigs, and washings from environmental objects as well as from sewage water, rats, and common flies. Of the exotic Salmonella species more important proved S. agona, S. jerusalem var. 14, S. tennessee, and others. Considerable diversity was established with the Salmonella species in pigs on the industrial complexes (17 spp.), the farms of the Agro-Industrial and the Industrial Agrarian Complexes (8 spp.), and on some other farms (5 spp.). Only two species of Salmonellae were found in pigs on the private farms, and one species--on the auxilliary farms.
Topics: Animals; Retrospective Studies; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 6740936
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology and Immunology 1983Delayed type (footpad) hypersensitivity (DTH) in BALB/c mice immunized with rough mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was examined. Injection of live organisms...
Delayed type (footpad) hypersensitivity (DTH) in BALB/c mice immunized with rough mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was examined. Injection of live organisms of an Rb mutant TV148 strain induced DTH in mice, while injection of the heat-killed organisms did not. The mice immunized with live organisms of the Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and Re mutant strains showed positive footpad reactions to the heat-killed cell antigen of LT2 (wild type) strain. The mice immunized with the Rb mutant strain also showed positive footpad swellings in response to heat-killed cell antigens of S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B, S. typhi, S. enteritidis, and S. cholerae-suis. Furthermore, positive reactions to antigens of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri were seen in the TV148-immunized mice, but the mice did not respond to heat-killed organisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus. The cross-reactive footpad reaction to E. coli could be transferred adoptively with T cells prepared from the spleens of TV148-immunized mice into syngeneic recipients. These results suggest that the cross-reactive DTH antigen(s) is widely distributed among related organisms such as Shigella and Escherichia.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Reactions; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization; Immunization, Passive; Male; Mice; Mutation; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Salmonella Infections; Salmonella typhimurium; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 6346026
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1983.tb03581.x -
Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie,... 1975Immunizations of mice with proteins from S. paratyphi B protected the animals against infection with a concentration of S. paratyphi C which killed the controls and...
Immunizations of mice with proteins from S. paratyphi B protected the animals against infection with a concentration of S. paratyphi C which killed the controls and against an infection with 50 LD100 of the homologous S. paratyphi B. The sera of the infected mice showed common precipitation lines of proteins from the two species belonging to different serogroups. Consecutive inoculations with S. typhimurium of both groups of vaccinated mice protected the animals against the infection with their natural pathogen. Immunizations with proteins from S. cholerae-suis protected about 70% of the mice infected with S. paratyphi B and with S. paratyphi C; a higher protection was not, however, induced against infection with the homologous strain. Consecutive infections with S. typhi-murium of the mice resulted in total protection of the animals previously inoculated with S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C; the group of mice infected with S. cholerae-suis was less protected against the subsequent inoculation with S. typhi-murium (about 50%). In the infections of mice, S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C, seem related to S. typhi-murium by common proteins; the proportion of common protective determinants is not yet known.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Cross Reactions; Epitopes; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella paratyphi B; Salmonella paratyphi C; Salmonella typhimurium; Serotyping
PubMed: 49993
DOI: No ID Found -
[Lysogenicity and lysosensitivity of strains of Salmonella cholerae-suis and Salmonella typhi-suis].Archives Roumaines de Pathologie... Dec 1969
Topics: Bacteriophage Typing; Lysogeny; Salmonella paratyphi A; Salmonella typhi
PubMed: 5398929
DOI: No ID Found -
Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi. Japanese... Oct 1961
[Studies on experimental typhoid. 8c) Intracellular inhibition of the growth of S. typhi murium, S. cholerae suis, and E. coli O-55 in mononuclear phagocytes from the abdominal cavity of mice super-immunized with live Salmonella enteritidis vaccine].
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Animals; Escherichia coli; Mice; Phagocytes; Salmonella; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhi; Salmonella typhimurium; Typhoid Fever; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 14497411
DOI: No ID Found