-
British Poultry Science Jun 20241. The aim of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations, first among behavioural responses of juvenile South African Black ostriches towards...
1. The aim of this study was to estimate heritability and genetic correlations, first among behavioural responses of juvenile South African Black ostriches towards humans and secondly with slaughter weight and skin traits.2. Behavioural traits, such as willingness of the birds to approach humans, keeping a distance from the human observer and allowing touch interactions by a human were recorded ( = 1012 birds). In addition, slaughter weight, skin size, scores for nodule size, nodule shape and the presence of hair follicles were recorded.3. Single- and multi-trait animal model analyses performed on the data using ASReml4 revealed high heritability estimates of 0.44 for allowing touch interactions and 0.48 for both willingness to approach and keeping a distance from the human observer. In addition, significant genetic correlations among behavioural response traits were estimated, ranging from -0.99 between keeping a distance and willingness to approach the human observer, to 0.87 between allowing touch interactions and willingness to approach the human observer.4. In contrast, genetic correlations of behavioural response traits with most slaughter and skin traits were low, variable, and not significant. The exception was hair follicle score, which appeared to be unfavourably correlated with key behavioural traits.5. This study suggested that the temperament of ostriches could be improved by selection of birds that demonstrate willingness to associate with humans without compromising slaughter weight or skin traits.
PubMed: 38904461
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2368902 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Jun 2024Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic fungal infection affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, is predominantly caused by dematiaceous fungi in tropical and...
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic fungal infection affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissues, is predominantly caused by dematiaceous fungi in tropical and subtropical areas. Characteristically, CBM presents as plaques and nodules, often leading to scarring post-healing. Besides traditional diagnostic methods such as fungal microscopy, culture, and histopathology, dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy can aid in diagnosis. The treatment of CBM is an extended and protracted process. Imiquimod, acting as an immune response modifier, boosts the host's immune response against CBM, and controls scar hyperplasia, thereby reducing the treatment duration. We present a case of CBM in Guangdong with characteristic reflectance confocal microscopy manifestations, effectively managed through a combination of itraconazole, terbinafine, and imiquimod, shedding light on novel strategies for managing this challenging condition.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Imiquimod; Humans; Antifungal Agents; Itraconazole; Terbinafine; Male; Treatment Outcome; Microscopy, Confocal; Skin; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38902740
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00718-y -
Acta Medica Okayama Jun 2024In the clinical course of malignant melanoma, which can metastasize to multiple organs, gallbladder metastases are rarely detected. A 69-year-old man who underwent...
In the clinical course of malignant melanoma, which can metastasize to multiple organs, gallbladder metastases are rarely detected. A 69-year-old man who underwent resection of a primary malignant melanoma was subsequently treated with nivolumab for lung metastases and achieved complete response. Seven years after surgery, multiple nodules were found in the gallbladder, and he underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The postoperative diagnosis was metastases of malignant melanoma. He has been recurrence-free 8 months after surgery. If radical resection is possible, such surgery should be performed for gallbladder metastases found in patients with other controlled lesions of malignant melanoma.
Topics: Humans; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Aged; Skin Neoplasms; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; Lung Neoplasms; Nivolumab
PubMed: 38902218
DOI: 10.18926/AMO/67205 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2024Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare. Most minor salivary gland tumors are malignant with benign tumors accounting for 18% of the tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA)...
BACKGROUND
Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare. Most minor salivary gland tumors are malignant with benign tumors accounting for 18% of the tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor. Lip PA is uncommon with 9.8% occurring in the upper lip. We are adding on the knowledge of the rare upper lip PA (benign mixed tumor).
CASE SUMMARY
We report an upper lip PA (benign mixed tumor) in a 28-year-old man. His complaint was a painless swelling on the upper lip. A painless, non-tender, well-circumscribed, slightly mobile, sessile, nodular, and rubbery (in consistency) tumor measuring 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm was noted on the left side of his upper lip. The overlying skin was not fixed and of normal color. There was no ulceration, and palpation did not elicit pain or bleeding. There was no history of trauma. Blunt dissection was used to completely excise the nodular, whitish, and encapsulated tumor. Microscopy showed a well-circumscribed and partly encapsulated biphasic lesion, with large lobules of myxo-chondroid stroma and intervening cellular nodules of basaloid cells, well-formed tubules containing eosinic secretion, and nests of myoepithelial cells. A diagnosis of PA (benign mixed tumor) was confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Blunt dissection is indicated to preserve the cosmesis and function of the upper lip.
PubMed: 38898865
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3138 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2024RAS proteins regulate cell division, differentiation and apoptosis via multiple downstream effector pathways. Oncogenic RAS variants are the commonest drivers in...
RAS proteins regulate cell division, differentiation and apoptosis via multiple downstream effector pathways. Oncogenic RAS variants are the commonest drivers in cancers, however they also drive many benign lesions predisposing to malignancy, such as melanocytic naevi, thyroid nodules, and colonic polyps. Reversal of these benign lesions could reduce cancer incidence, however the effects of oncogenic RAS have been notoriously difficult to target with downstream pathway inhibitors. Here we show effective suppression of oncogenic and currently undruggable NRAS in primary cells from melanocytic naevi using siRNA targeted to the recurrent causal variant. This results in striking reduction in expression of ARL6IP1, a known inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis not previously linked to NRAS. We go on to show that a single dose of siRNA in primary cells triggers an apoptotic cascade, in contrast to treatment with a MEK inhibitor. Protective packaging of the targeted siRNA into lipid nanoparticles permits successful delivery into a humanised mouse model of melanocytic naevi, and results in variant NRAS knockdown in vivo. These data show that RAS-induced protection from apoptosis is involved in persistence of NRAS-driven melanocytic naevi and anticipate that targeted siRNA could form the basis of clinical trials for RAS-driven benign tumours.
PubMed: 38897541
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.031 -
Medwave Jun 2024Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement....
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as multicentric because of multisystem involvement. The disease predominantly affects the skin and joints, but visceral involvement is possible. Multiple erythematous-brownish, pruritic nodules and papules on the face, hands, neck, and trunk are characteristic. It is associated with autoimmune diseases, or malignant neoplasms are seen in 20% to 30% of patients with multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. The diagnosis is based on histopathology of affected tissues. As it is an underreported disease, there is no standardized treatment. A case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is reported as a paraneoplastic manifestation of ductal breast cancer, being successfully treated with no recurrence after two years of follow-up. Few cases of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis associated with breast cancer have been reported in the literature.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell; Dermoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Aged; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
PubMed: 38896878
DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2024.05.2914 -
FP Essentials Jun 2024Tinea infections are caused by dermatophytes, except for tinea versicolor, which is caused by yeasts in the genus. If available, potassium hydroxide preparation should... (Review)
Review
Tinea infections are caused by dermatophytes, except for tinea versicolor, which is caused by yeasts in the genus. If available, potassium hydroxide preparation should be performed to confirm diagnosis of tinea capitis or onychomycosis. In some cases, fungal culture, UV light examination, or periodic acid-Schiff stain can be helpful. Topical drugs are effective for tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis. Tinea incognito is an atypical presentation that usually requires systemic treatment. Management of tinea capitis always requires oral drugs. Oral drugs are preferred for onychomycosis treatment but should not be prescribed without confirmation of fungal infection. Localized cases of tinea versicolor can be managed with topical drugs, but oral drugs might be needed for severe, widespread, or recurrent cases. Warts are superficial human papillomavirus infections. Common treatments include irritant, destructive (eg, cryotherapy), immune stimulant (eg, intralesional antigen), and debridement and excision methods. Scabies infestation results in intensely itchy papules, nodules, or vesicles. Mites and burrows on the skin are pathognomonic but difficult to identify. Dermoscopy, particularly with UV light, can make identification easier. Topical permethrin and oral ivermectin are two of the most commonly used treatments. All household and close contacts should be treated regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Scabies; Warts; Tinea; Antifungal Agents; Onychomycosis; Papillomavirus Infections; Mite Infestations; Dermoscopy
PubMed: 38896827
DOI: No ID Found -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2024
PubMed: 38885900
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.06.002 -
Veterinary Parasitology, Regional... Jul 2024Clinostomum spp. are common parasites of piscivorous birds. Metacercaria are typically observed in the muscles or just under the skin of fish and rarely amphibians. We...
Clinostomum spp. are common parasites of piscivorous birds. Metacercaria are typically observed in the muscles or just under the skin of fish and rarely amphibians. We describe an unusually severe case of Clinostomum marginatum infection in an adult female green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) from Georgia (USA). The frog was found in November 2015 with a high number (>250) of widely disseminated, raised, subcutaneous nodules. The frog died in December. At necropsy, it was emaciated, and the skin was covered in raised uniform, tan-green, subcutaneous, ∼2-3 mm diameter nodules. Each nodule contained 1-3 C. marginatum metacercariae. Microscopically, high numbers of trematodes were within subcutaneous tissues and in coelomic and oral cavities, lung, liver, kidney, ovary, orbit and calvarium. Small to large numbers of lymphocytes and melanomacrophages were in connective tissues and epidermis. A 732 bp region of COI was 98.8-99.8% similar to numerous sequences of C. marginatum and, phylogenetically it grouped with these C. marginatum sequences. The ITS-1 region was 100% similar to a C. marginatum sample from a great egret (Ardea alba) from Mississippi. This report represents a novel finding of severe trematodiasis in a free-ranging amphibian with C. marginatum infection.
Topics: Animals; Trematode Infections; Female; Anura; Trematoda; Georgia; Fatal Outcome; Larva
PubMed: 38880568
DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101051 -
Drugs in R&D Jun 2024PD-1 inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapies and are being used to treat an expanding array of cancers. To best serve patients, clinicians should be familiar...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
PD-1 inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapies and are being used to treat an expanding array of cancers. To best serve patients, clinicians should be familiar with the spectrum of skin manifestations associated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy. Here, we report a unique case of hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) in a 64-year-old man treated with pembrolizumab; the presentation initially suggested a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) morphology, then evolved into a morphology more typical of hypertrophic lichen planus. This case underscores the need for caution in diagnosing eruptive SCCs associated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy. In such instances, maintaining a high suspicion for lichenoid reactions as sequelae of PD-1 inhibitor treatment and starting an empiric trial of therapy for lichenoid dermatitis may be warranted to ensure timely management of lesions.
METHODS
We describe a case of hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of PD-1 inhibitory therapy with pembrolizumab. A PubMed literature review was conducted to identify other cases and determine the incidence of lichenoid reactions imitating squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of PD-1 inhibitor use.
RESULTS
Our case is one of the few available pieces of literature describing eruptive hypertrophic lichen planus imitating SCC in the setting of PD-1 inhibitor use. Initial skin nodule biopsy appeared histologically compatible with squamous cell carcinoma. Repeat biopsy of the skin lesions revealed histological features consistent with hypertrophic lichen planus. Over time, lower extremity lesions evolved into a more typical appearance of hypertrophic lichen planus. Treatment with topical 0.05% clobetasol ointment and oral acitretin 25 mg led to complete resolution of lesions within 2-3 months.
CONCLUSIONS
This case underscores the significance of maintaining vigilance for lichenoid reactions as potential sequelae of PD-1 inhibitor therapy. It highlights the variability in initial presentation and the potential for lesions to transform over time. Timely recognition and appropriate management, including high-potency topical corticosteroids and oral acitretin, are crucial for achieving favorable outcomes in patients experiencing such reactions. More studies are necessary to fully analyze the rate of HLP occurrence as a consequence of PD-1 inhibitor use.
PubMed: 38877280
DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00461-x