-
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jun 2024Ball-milled plastic char supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BMPC) and their application combined with anaerobic sludge for microbial dechlorination of...
Ball-milled plastic char supported nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BMPC) and their application combined with anaerobic sludge for microbial dechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were investigated. The XRD and FTIR analysis proved composition of zero valent states of iron, and the BET and SEM analysis showed that nZVI was uniformly distributed on the surface of BMPC. Successive addition of 1000 mg/L sodium lactate and nZVI@BMPC enhanced the acclamation of anaerobic sludge and resulted in the degradation of 4-CP within 80 days. The acclimated consortium with nZVI@BMPC completely degraded 2,4,6-TCP into CH and CO, and the key dechlorination route was through 4-CP dechlorinaion and mineralization. The degradation rate of 2,4,6-TCP with nZVI@BMPC was 0.22/d, greater than that without nZVI@BMPC. The dechlorination efficiency was enhanced in the Fe/Fe system controlled by nZVI@BMPC and iron-reducing bacteria. Metagenomic analysis result showed that the dominant de-chlorinators were Chloroflexi sp., Desulfovibrio, and Pseudomonas, which could directly degrade 2,4,6-TCP to 4-CP, especially, Chloroflexi bacterium could concurrently be used to mineralize 4-CP. The relative abundance of the functional genes cprA, acoA, acoB, and tfdB increased significantly in the presence of the nZVI@BMPC. This study provides a new strategy can be a good alternative for possible application in groundwater remediation.
PubMed: 38954853
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135063 -
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 2024To examine the effects of decreased food consumption on toxicological parameters in juvenile rats, rats on postnatal day 21 were fed 40%, 50% (only four weeks), and 60%...
To examine the effects of decreased food consumption on toxicological parameters in juvenile rats, rats on postnatal day 21 were fed 40%, 50% (only four weeks), and 60% less food, compared to that of controls for four or eight weeks, and clinical observations, measurement of body and organ weights, morphological differentiation analysis, clinical pathology, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were conducted. The body weight decreased depending on the degree of food restriction (FR). Cleavage of the balano-preputial skinfold was delayed, and cell debris in the epididymal lumen was noted as a related finding after four-week FR. Vaginal opening was also delayed, and some histopathological findings, such as absence of corpus luteum in the ovary, mucinous degeneration in the vagina, and immature uterus, were noted after eight-week FR. Erythrocyte count increased after four-week FR, but slightly decreased in males only after eight-week FR, and decreased leukocyte and/or reticulocyte counts, accompanied by related histopathological findings were noted after four- and eight-week FR. In blood chemistry, the levels of total protein including globulin, glucose, triglyceride, and calcium decreased, and sodium and chloride increased after four- and eight-week FR. Increases in activities of aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin levels were noted after four-week FR, which were attenuated after eight-week FR. The effects of FR seemed to be more remarkable after four weeks. In drug safety evaluation, findings caused by malnutrition should be considered in juvenile toxicity studies when decreased food consumption is observed.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Body Weight; Organ Size; Rats; Caloric Restriction; Time Factors; Food Deprivation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38945843
DOI: 10.2131/jts.49.321 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2024To overcome the natural visual consequences of the physiological aging process, the use of biodegradable fillers made of hyaluronic acid or sodium carboxymethyl... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND/AIM
To overcome the natural visual consequences of the physiological aging process, the use of biodegradable fillers made of hyaluronic acid or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is increasingly popular in modern esthetic medicine. Clinicians can choose from a wide range of fillers with variable compositions and rheological properties, and therefore with different application areas and injection depths. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the most commonly used fillers for facial augmentation regarding their in vitro biocompatibility and to find potential correlations to their rheological properties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present study, direct and indirect in vitro cytotoxicity analysis according to DIN EN ISO 10993-5 were performed on 39 different filler materials for facial augmentation.
RESULTS
All fillers analyzed in this study overall showed satisfactory results in the direct and indirect cytocompatibility tests. While no material was outside the threshold values in the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) cell viability and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell proliferation assays or in the live-dead staining, only 7 out of the 39 fillers reached the required values in the lactate dehydrogenase assay.
CONCLUSION
All biodegradable fillers examined in this study were found to be sufficiently cytocompatible. Although the qualitative analysis of the test results showed differences between the fillers, no concrete correlation between test performance and composition or manufacturer of the fillers was found. Future efforts are required to provide clinicians with even better support in choosing the right filler for optimal outcome and patient satisfaction.
Topics: Hyaluronic Acid; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Cell Survival; Materials Testing; Cell Proliferation; Dermal Fillers; Esthetics; Rheology
PubMed: 38936888
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13612 -
Microorganisms Jun 2024Cooked sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere (MAP: 20% CO 70% N, <0.2% O) with evident yellow stains were analyzed. The aims of this work were to study the...
Cooked sausages packaged in a modified atmosphere (MAP: 20% CO 70% N, <0.2% O) with evident yellow stains were analyzed. The aims of this work were to study the microbial cause of the spoilage and to evaluate different antimicrobial compounds to prevent it. was identified as the primary cause of the yellow coating in spoiled cooked sausage, as confirmed by its intentional inoculation on slices of unspoiled sausage. was the main bacteria responsible for the yellow coating in spoiled cooked sausage, as confirmed by its intentional inoculation on slices of unspoiled sausage. The yellow color was also evident during growth in the model system containing cooked sausage extract, but the colonies on MRS agar appeared white, demonstrating that the food substrate stimulated the production of the yellow pigment. The spoilage was also characterized by different volatile compounds, including ketones, ethanol, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate, found in the spoiled cooked sausage packages. These compounds explained the activity of because they are typical of heterofermentative LAB, cultivated either on food substrates or in artificial broths. also produced slight swelling in the spoiled packages. The efficacy of different antimicrobials was assessed in model systems composed of cooked sausage extract with the antimicrobials added at food product concentrations. The data showed that sodium lactate, sodium acetate, and a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate could only slow the growth of the spoiler-they could not stop it from occurring. Conversely, hop extract inhibited , showing a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 0.008 mg CAE/mL in synthetic broth and 4 mg CAE/kg in cooked sausage slices. Adding hop extract at the MIC did not allow growth and did not change the sensorial characteristics of the cooked sausages. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antimicrobial activities of hop extracts against either in vitro or in vivo.
PubMed: 38930557
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061175 -
Microorganisms May 2024The aim of this study was to identify the most effective protectants for enhancing the viability of specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains ( subsp. CICC 6097,...
Screening the Protective Agents Able to Improve the Survival of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains Subjected to Spray Drying Using Several Key Enzymes Responsible for Carbohydrate Utilization.
The aim of this study was to identify the most effective protectants for enhancing the viability of specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains ( subsp. CICC 6097, CICC 21839, NCFM) by assessing their enzymatic activity when exposed to spray drying (inlet/outlet temperature: 135 °C/90 °C). Firstly, it was found that the live cell counts of the selected LAB cells from the 10% (/) recovered skim milk (RSM) group remained above 10 CFU/g after spray drying. Among all the three groups (1% / RSM group, 10% / RSM group, and control group), the two enzymes pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were more sensitive to spray drying than hexokinase (HK) and β-galactosidase (β-GAL). Next, transcriptome data of NCFM showed that 10% (/) RSM improved the down-regulated expressions of genes encoding PK () and LDH () after spray drying compared to 1% (/) RSM. Finally, four composite protectants were created, each consisting of 10% (/) RSM plus a different additive-sodium glutamate (CP-A group), sucrose (CP-B group), trehalose (CP-C group), or a combination of sodium glutamate, sucrose, and trehalose (CP-D group)-to encapsulate NCFM. It was observed that the viable counts of strain NCFM (8.56 log CFU/g) and enzymatic activity of PK and LDH in the CP-D group were best preserved compared to the other three groups. Therefore, our study suggested that measuring the LDH and PK activity could be used as a promising tool to screen the effective spray-dried protective agent for LAB cells.
PubMed: 38930476
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061094 -
Neurochemistry International Jun 2024p53 has diversity functions in regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cancer metastasis, etc. Recent studies have shown that p53 and nuclear factor-κB...
p53 has diversity functions in regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cancer metastasis, etc. Recent studies have shown that p53 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) co-regulate proinflammatory responses in macrophages. However, the role of p53 lysine lactylation (p53Kla) in mediating proinflammatory phenotypes in microglia under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the proinflammatory activation exacerbated by hypoxia and the levels of p53Kla in microglial cells. BV2 cells, an immortalized mouse microglia cell line, were divided into control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced, hypoxia (Hy), and LPS-Hy groups. The protein expression levels of p53 and p53Kla and the activation of microglia were compared among the four groups. Sodium oxamate and mutant p53 plasmids were transfected into BV2 cells to detect the effect of p53Kla on microglial proinflammatory activation. LPS-Hy stimulation significantly upregulated p53Kla levels in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of BV2 cells. In contrast, the p53 protein levels were downregulated. LPS-Hy stimulation upregulated phosphorylated p65 protein levels in nuclear and activated the NF-κB pathway in BV2 cells, resulting in increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (iNOS, IL6, IL1β, TNFα), enhanced cell viability, and concomitantly, increased cytotoxicity. In conclusion, p53 lysine-lactylated modification contributes to LPS-induced proinflammatory activation in BV2 cells under hypoxia through NF-κB pathway and inhibition of lactate production may alleviate neuroinflammatory injury.
PubMed: 38908518
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105794 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2024Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen worldwide, and causes serious tobacco target spot in tobacco in the last five years. This research studied the...
BACKGROUND
Rhizoctonia solani is an important plant pathogen worldwide, and causes serious tobacco target spot in tobacco in the last five years. This research studied the biological characteristics of four different anastomosis groups strains (AG-3, AG-5, AG-6, AG-1-IB) of R. solani from tobacco. Using metabolic phenotype technology analyzed the metabolic phenotype differences of these strains.
RESULTS
The results showed that the suitable temperature for mycelial growth of four anastomosis group strains were from 20 to 30C, and for sclerotia formation were from 20 to 25C. Under different lighting conditions, R. solani AG-6 strains produced the most sclerotium, followed by R. solani AG-3, R. solani AG-5 and R. solani AG-1-IB. All strains had strong oligotrophic survivability, and can grow on water agar medium without any nitrutions. They exhibited three types of sclerotia distribution form, including dispersed type (R. solani AG-5 and AG-6), peripheral type (R. solani AG-1-IB), and central type (R. solani AG-3). They all presented different pathogenicities in tobacco leaves, with the most virulent was noted by R. solani AG-6, followed by R. solani AG-5 and AG-1-IB, finally was R. solani AG-3. R. solani AG-1-IB strains firstly present symptom after inoculation. Metabolic fingerprints of four anastomosis groups were different to each other. R. solani AG-3, AG-6, AG-5 and AG-1-IB strains efficiently metabolized 88, 94, 71 and 92 carbon substrates, respectively. Nitrogen substrates of amino acids and peptides were the significant utilization patterns for R. solani AG-3. R. solani AG-3 and AG-6 showed a large range of adaptabilities and were still able to metabolize substrates in the presence of the osmolytes, including up to 8% sodium lactate. Four anastomosis groups all showed active metabolism in environments with pH values from 4 to 6 and exhibited decarboxylase activities.
CONCLUSIONS
The biological characteristics of different anastomosis group strains varies, and there were significant differences in the metabolic phenotype characteristics of different anastomosis group strains towards carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, and osmotic pressure.
Topics: Rhizoctonia; Phenotype; Nicotiana; Plant Diseases; Temperature; Mycelium; Plant Leaves; Virulence
PubMed: 38902632
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03363-9 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024The widespread use of surfactants raise challenges to biological wastewater treatment. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the potential to treat...
The widespread use of surfactants raise challenges to biological wastewater treatment. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has the potential to treat wastewater containing anionic surfactants, but the response of anammox consortia at the molecular level under long-term exposure is unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing and gene quantification, combined with molecular docking, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) on anammox consortia were investigated. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be lower than the threshold of oxidative damage, while the increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) represented the cell membrane damage. Decreased abundance of functional genes (hdh, hzsA and nirS) indicated the decrease of the anammox bacterial abundance. Trace amounts of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL, C6-HSL, C8-HSL and C12-HSL) contained in influent could induce endogenous quorum sensing (QS), which could regulate the correlation between functional bacteria to optimize the microbial community and strengthen the resistance of anammox consortia to SDS. In addition, the proliferation of disinfectant resistance genes might increase the environmental pathogenicity of sewage discharge. This work highlights the potential response mechanism of anammox consortium to surfactants and provides a universal microbial-friendly bioenhancement strategy based on QS.
PubMed: 38901593
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174121 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024To improve the bioavailability of resveratrol (-Res), it is commonly co-delivered with antioxidant bioactives using a complex synthetic intestinal targeted carrier,...
INTRODUCTION
To improve the bioavailability of resveratrol (-Res), it is commonly co-delivered with antioxidant bioactives using a complex synthetic intestinal targeted carrier, however, which makes practical application challenging.
METHODS
A nanogel (Ngel), as broad-spectrum autonomous ROS scavenger, was prepared using selenized thiolated sodium alginate (TSA-Se) and crosslinked with calcium lactate (CL) for loading Res to obtain Ngel@Res, which maintained spherical morphology in the upper digestive tract but broke down in the lower digestive tract, resulting in -Res release.
RESULTS
Under protection of Ngel, Res showed enhanced stability and broad-spectrum ROS scavenging activity. The synergistic mucoadhesion of Ngel prolonged the retention time of Res in the intestine. Ngel and Ngel@Res increased the lifespan of to 26.00 ± 2.17 and 26.00 ± 4.27 days by enhancing the activity of antioxidases, upregulating the expression of and , while downregulating the expression of and .
CONCLUSION
This readily available, intestinal targeted selenized alginate-based nanogel effectively improves the bioactivity of Res.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Resveratrol; Reactive Oxygen Species; Alginates; Nanogels; Antioxidants; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethyleneimine; Free Radical Scavengers; Intestinal Mucosa; Drug Carriers
PubMed: 38895150
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S464849 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2024Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory disease associated with immune dysregulation. Elevated levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 in the β but not α...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory disease associated with immune dysregulation. Elevated levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 in the β but not α subtype were positively associated with disease status in UC patients. This study validated the possibility that pharmacological inhibition or reduction of HSP90β would alleviate colitis, induced by dextran sulfate sodium, in mice and elucidated its mechanisms.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Histopathological and biochemical analysis assessed disease severity, and bioinformatics and correlation analysis explained the association between the many immune cells and HSP90β. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the homeostasis and transdifferentiation of Th17 and Treg cells. In vitro inhibition and adoptive transfer assays were used to investigate functions of the phenotypically transformed Th17 cells. Metabolomic analysis, DNA methylation detection and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to explore these mechanisms.
KEY RESULTS
The selective pharmacological inhibitor (HSP90βi) and shHSP90β significantly mitigated UC in mice and promoted transformation of Th17 to Treg cell phenotype, via Foxp3 transcription. The phenotypically-transformed Th17 cells by HSP90βi or shHSP90β were able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and colitis in mice. HSP90βi and shHSP90β selectively weakened glycolysis by stopping the direct association of HSP90β and GLUT1, the key glucose transporter, to accelerate ubiquitination degradation of GLUT1, and enhance the methylation of Foxp3 CNS2 region. Then, the mediator path was identified as the "lactate-STAT5-TET2" cascade.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
HSP90β shapes the fate of Th17 cells via glycolysis-controlled methylation modification to affect UC progression, which provides a new therapeutic target for UC.
PubMed: 38881036
DOI: 10.1111/bph.16432