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Archives of Toxicology Jun 2024Owing to the widespread use and improper emissions of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), the adverse effects of CBNPs on human health have attracted much attention. In... (Review)
Review
Owing to the widespread use and improper emissions of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), the adverse effects of CBNPs on human health have attracted much attention. In toxicological research, carbon black is frequently utilized as a negative control because of its low toxicity and poor solubility. However, recent studies have indicated that inhalation exposure to CBNPs could be a risk factor for severe and prolonged pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. At present, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CBNPs is still not fully elucidated, but it is known that with small particle size and large surface area, CBNPs are more easily ingested by cells, leading to organelle damage and abnormal interactions between organelles. Damaged organelle and abnormal organelles interactions lead to cell structure and function disorders, which is one of the important factors in the development and occurrence of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of organelle structure, function, and interaction mechanisms, while also summarizing the research advancements in organelles and organelle interactions in CBNPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Soot; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Humans; Nanoparticles; Organelles; Animals; Particle Size; Inhalation Exposure; Lung
PubMed: 38536500
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03719-0 -
Nanostructured Pr-Rich CePrO Mixed Oxides for Diesel Soot Combustion: Importance of Oxygen Lability.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024Soot combustion experiments with 5%O/He were conducted using model soot, and four distinct compositions of CePrO oxides of varying nominal cerium compositions (x = 0,...
Soot combustion experiments with 5%O/He were conducted using model soot, and four distinct compositions of CePrO oxides of varying nominal cerium compositions (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, and 1) were prepared. The catalyst samples were comprehensively characterized using techniques such as XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HR-TEM, N adsorption at -196 °C, XPS, O-TPD, H-TPR, and work function measurements. The Pr-rich compositions, ranging from CePrO to PrO, resulted in a significant increase in the total evolved O amounts and enhanced catalyst reducibility. However, a decrease in the textural properties of the catalysts was noted, which was particularly important for the pure praseodymia under the synthesis route conducted. The catalytic activity was investigated under the two following contact modes of mixing between soot and catalyst: and . The results revealed that the catalytic performance is associated with the surface contact in tight contact mode and with the combination of surface/subsurface/bulk oxygen mobility and the BET surface area in contact mode. Notably, the temperatures estimated at 10% and 50% of the conversion (T and T) parameters were achieved at much lower temperatures than the uncatalyzed soot combustion, even under contact conditions. Specifically, the 50% conversion was achieved at 511 °C and 538 °C for CePrO and CePrO, respectively. While no direct correlation between catalytic activity and work function was observed, a significant relationship emerges between work function values and the formation of oxygen vacancies, whatever the conditions used for these measurements. On the other hand, the ability to generate a high population of oxygen vacancies at low temperatures, rather than the direct activation of gas-phase O, influences the catalytic performance of Pr-doped ceria catalysts, highlighting the importance of surface/subsurface oxygen vacancy generation, which was the parameter that showed a better correlation with the catalytic activity, whatever the soot conversion value or the mode of contact considered.
PubMed: 38535631
DOI: 10.3390/nano14060483 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... May 2024In a previous study, we developed a novel analytical method to directly and simultaneously detect taste- and odor-active compounds using graphite carbon black...
In a previous study, we developed a novel analytical method to directly and simultaneously detect taste- and odor-active compounds using graphite carbon black (GCB)-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). In this study, we aimed to evaluate food quality using a variety of soy sauces using the method to discriminate each product. Graphite carbon black-laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry allowed the provision of hundreds of MS peaks derived from soy sauces in both positive and negative modes without any tedious sample pretreatments. Principal component analysis using the obtained MS peaks clearly distinguished three soy sauce products based on the manufacturing countries (Japan, China, and India). Moreover, this method identified distinct MS peaks for discrimination, which significantly correlated with their quantitative amounts in the products. Thus, GCB-LDI-MS analysis was established as a simple and rapid technique for food analysis, illustrating the chemical patterns of food products.
Topics: Soy Foods; Graphite; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Principal Component Analysis; Food Analysis; Soot
PubMed: 38533648
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae034 -
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention,... Mar 2024Persons with opioid use disorders (OUD) and persons with substance use disorders (SUD) who inject substances have a reduced life expectancy of up to 25 years compared...
BACKGROUND
Persons with opioid use disorders (OUD) and persons with substance use disorders (SUD) who inject substances have a reduced life expectancy of up to 25 years compared with the general population. Chronic liver diseases are a substantial cause of this. Screening strategies based on liver stiffness measurements (LSM) may facilitate early detection, timely intervention, and treatment of liver disease. This study aims to investigate the extent of chronic liver disease measured with transient elastography and the association between LSM and various risk factors, including substance use patterns, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol use, body mass index, age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol among people with OUD or with SUD who inject substances.
METHODS
Data was collected from May 2017 to March 2022 in a cohort of 676 persons from Western Norway. The cohort was recruited from two populations: Persons receiving opioid agonist therapy (OAT) (81% of the sample) or persons with SUD injecting substances but not receiving OAT. All participants were assessed at least once with transient elastography. A linear mixed model was performed to assess the impact of risk factors such as HCV infection, alcohol use, lifestyle-associated factors, and substance use on liver stiffness at baseline and over time. Baseline was defined as the time of the first liver stiffness measurement. The results are presented as coefficients (in kilopascal (kPa)) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
At baseline, 12% (n = 83) of the study sample had LSM suggestive of advanced chronic liver disease (LSM ≥ 10 kPa). Advanced age (1.0 kPa per 10 years increments, 95% CI: 0.68;1.3), at least weekly alcohol use (1.3, 0.47;2.1), HCV infection (1.2, 0.55;1.9), low HDL cholesterol level (1.4, 0.64;2.2), and higher body mass index (0.25 per increasing unit, 0.17;0.32) were all significantly associated with higher LSM at baseline. Compared with persistent chronic HCV infection, a resolved HCV infection predicted a yearly reduction of LSM (-0.73, -1.3;-0.21) from baseline to the following liver stiffness measurement.
CONCLUSIONS
More than one-tenth of the participants in this study had LSM suggestive of advanced chronic liver disease. It underscores the need for addressing HCV infection and reducing lifestyle-related liver risk factors, such as metabolic health factors and alcohol consumption, to prevent the advancement of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in this particular population.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Risk Factors; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatitis C; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 38532435
DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00603-z -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Systemic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular risk and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology. Associations between systemic inflammation and...
BACKGROUND
Systemic inflammation contributes to cardiovascular risk and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology. Associations between systemic inflammation and exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 μm diameter; PM), and black carbon (BC), a PM component attributable to traffic and other sources of combustion, infiltrating indoors are not well described.
METHODS
Between 2012 and 2017, COPD patients completed in-home air sampling over one-week intervals, up to four times (seasonally), followed by measurement of plasma biomarkers of systemic inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial activation, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). Ambient PM, BC and sulfur were measured at a central site. The ratio of indoor/ambient sulfur in PM, a surrogate for fine particle infiltration, was used to estimate indoor BC and PM of ambient origin. Linear mixed effects regression with a random intercept for each participant was used to assess associations between indoor and indoor of ambient origin PM and BC with each biomarker.
RESULTS
144 participants resulting in 482 observations were included in the analysis. There were significant positive associations between indoor BC and indoor BC of ambient origin with CRP [%-increase per interquartile range (IQR);95 % CI (13.2 %;5.2-21.8 and 11.4 %;1.7-22.1, respectively)]. Associations with indoor PM and indoor PM of ambient origin were weaker. There were no associations with IL-6 or sVCAM-1.
CONCLUSIONS
In homes of patients with COPD without major sources of combustion, indoor BC is mainly attributable to the infiltration of ambient sources of combustion indoors. Indoor BC of ambient origin is associated with increases in systemic inflammation in patients with COPD, even when staying indoors.
Topics: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Humans; Particulate Matter; Biomarkers; Soot; Air Pollution, Indoor; Male; Female; Air Pollutants; Aged; Middle Aged; Environmental Exposure; Interleukin-6; C-Reactive Protein; Inflammation
PubMed: 38522542
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171897 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2024Air pollution exposures ought to be of significant interest for the United States (US) public as health issues will play a role in the 2024 elections. Citizens are not...
Air pollution exposures ought to be of significant interest for the United States (US) public as health issues will play a role in the 2024 elections. Citizens are not aware of the harmful brain impact of exposures to ubiquitous anthropogenic combustion emissions and friction-derived nanoparticles, industrial nanoplastics, the growing risk of wildfires, and the smoke plumes of soot. Ample consideration of pediatric and early adulthood hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and associations with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in the process of setting, reviewing, and implementing standards for particulate matter (PM)2.5, ultrafine PM, and industrial nanoparticles must be of interest to US citizens.
Topics: Humans; United States; Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Particulate Matter; Alzheimer Disease; Neurodevelopmental Disorders
PubMed: 38517792
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-231373 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Mar 2024Atmospheric aerosols affect surface ozone concentrations by influencing radiation, but the mechanism and dominant factors are unclear. Therefore, this paper analyses the...
Atmospheric aerosols affect surface ozone concentrations by influencing radiation, but the mechanism and dominant factors are unclear. Therefore, this paper analyses the changes in aerosol-radiative-surface ozone in China's arid and semi-arid regions with the help of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model. The results suggest that Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and coarse Particulate Matter (PM) have the same trend, with high values in spring and winter and low values in summer and autumn. Surface ozone is high in spring and summer and low in autumn and winter. Surface ozone is higher in spring and summer and lower in autumn and winter. In winter, mainly secondary pollutants are dominated by high pollution levels. In the rest of the seasons, a mixture of dust, motor vehicle exhaust, and soot is dominated by low pollution levels. Surface ozone is positively correlated with fine particles and negatively correlated with coarse particles. Temperature is positively correlated with surface ozone in all seasons and negatively correlated with PM in summer, autumn, and winter. Precipitation negatively correlates with PM each season and surface ozone in winter and spring. Analysis of surface ozone and PM sources in the more polluted city of Hohhot based on the back-line trajectory model showed that airflow trajectories mainly transported surface ozone and PM pollution from northwestern Inner Mongolia and western Mongolia. During dusty solid weather, the decrease in radiation reaching the Earth's surface and the cooling effect of aerosols lead to lower temperatures, which slows down the rate of chemical reactions of precursors of surface ozone, resulting in lower ozone concentrations at the surface. This study can provide a theoretical reference for aerosol and surface ozone control in arid and semi-arid areas of China.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Ozone; Environmental Monitoring; Particulate Matter; Seasons; China; Dust; Aerosols
PubMed: 38517576
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12555-9 -
European Journal of Public Health Jun 2024A large-scale industrial fire occurred in Rouen, France, in 2019. This study assessed the health-related quality of life of people exposed to its consequences 1 year...
BACKGROUND
A large-scale industrial fire occurred in Rouen, France, in 2019. This study assessed the health-related quality of life of people exposed to its consequences 1 year later.
METHODS
The study population comprised inhabitants of the exposed area and a non-exposed area. A representative sample was randomly selected using a stratified design. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to describe fire exposure and to calculate three health-related quality of life scores according to the SF12-v2 scale. After adjustment, descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted.
RESULTS
The sample comprised 4773 participants (response rate 47.7%). In the exposed area, the average mental, physical and overall health scores were 47.5, 52.0 and 73.8 out of 100, respectively. Mean mental and overall health scores were higher in the non-exposed area (49.0 and 76.0, respectively). After adjustment, a lower mental health score was associated with a higher number of perceived types of exposure, reaching -3.72 points [-5.41; -2.04] for five or more different types of perceived exposure. A lower mental health score was associated with soot deposits (-1.04 [-1.70; -0.39]), perceiving odours [(-2.04 [-3.22; -0.86]) up to the day of data collection], and having seen, heard or been awakened by the fire (-1.21 [-1.90; -0.52]). A slightly lower physical health score was associated with soot deposits (-0.57 [-1.07; -0.08]).
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted associations between exposure to the consequences of the industrial fire in Rouen and a deterioration of perceived health-related quality of life 1 year later, particularly the mental health dimension.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; France; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Fires; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Aged; Industry; Health Status; Environmental Exposure; Mental Health
PubMed: 38507556
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae047 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) May 2024As a by-product of the steelmaking industry, the large-volume production and accumulation of steel converter slag cause environmental issues such as land occupation and...
As a by-product of the steelmaking industry, the large-volume production and accumulation of steel converter slag cause environmental issues such as land occupation and dust pollution. Since metal salts of unsaturated carboxylic acid can be used to reinforce rubber, this study explores the innovative application of in-situ modified steel slag, mainly comprising metal oxides, with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a rubber filler partially replacing carbon black. By etching the surface of steel slag particles with MAA, their surface roughness was increased, and the chemical bonding of metal methacrylate salt was introduced to enhance their interaction with the molecular chain of natural rubber (NR). The results showed that using the steel slag filler effectively shortened the vulcanization molding cycle of NR composites. The MAA in-situ modification effectively improved the interaction between steel slag and NR molecular chains. Meanwhile, the physical and mechanical properties, fatigue properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of the experimental group with MAA in-situ modified steel slag (MAA-in-situ-m-SS) were significantly enhanced compared with those of NR composites partially filled with unmodified slag. With the dosage of 7.5 phr or 10 phr, the above properties matched or even exceeded those of NR composites purely filled with carbon black. More importantly, partially replacing carbon black with modified steel slag reduced fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission from carbon black production. This study pioneered an effective path for the resourceful utilization of steel slag and the green development of the steelmaking and rubber industries.
Topics: Rubber; Solid Waste; Steel; Soot; Industrial Waste; Metals; Methacrylates
PubMed: 38503032
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.024 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2024Biological evidence is relatively common evidence in criminal cases, and it has strong probative power because it carries DNA information for individual identification....
Biological evidence is relatively common evidence in criminal cases, and it has strong probative power because it carries DNA information for individual identification. At the scene of fire-related cases, the complex thermal environment, the escape of trapped people, the firefighting and rescue operations, and the deliberate destruction of criminal suspects will all affect the biological evidence in the fire scene. Scholars at home and abroad have explored and studied the effectiveness of biological evidence identification in fire scenes, and found that the blood stains, semen stains, bones, etc. are the main biological evidence which can be easily recovered with DNA in fire scenes. In order to analyze the research status and development trend of biological evidence in fire scenes, this paper systematically sorts out the relevant research, mainly including the soot removal technology, appearance method of typical biological evidence, and possibility of identifying other biological evidence. This paper also prospects the next step of research direction, in order to provide reference for the identification of biological evidence and improve the value of biological evidence in fire scenes.
Topics: Humans; Fires; Blood Stains; Body Fluids; Semen; DNA
PubMed: 38500463
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520501