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Scientific Reports May 2024Testicular torsion carries the ominous prospect of inducing acute scrotal distress and the perilous consequence of testicular atrophy, necessitating immediate surgical...
Testicular torsion carries the ominous prospect of inducing acute scrotal distress and the perilous consequence of testicular atrophy, necessitating immediate surgical intervention to reinstate vital testicular perfusion, notwithstanding the paradoxical detrimental impact of reperfusion. Although no drugs have secured approval for this urgent circumstance, antioxidants emerge as promising candidates. This study aspires to illustrate the influence of eprosartan, an AT1R antagonist, on testicular torsion in rats. Wistar albino rats were meticulously separated into five groups, (n = 6): sham group, eprosartan group, testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D) group, and two groups of T/D treated with two oral doses of eprosartan (30 or 60 mg/kg). Serum testosterone, sperm analysis and histopathological examination were done to evaluate spermatogenesis. Oxidative stress markers were assessed. Bax, BCL-2, SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1 besides cleaved caspase-3 testicular contents were estimated using ELISA or qRT-PCR. As autophagy markers, SQSTM-1/p62, Beclin-1, mTOR and AMPK were investigated. Our findings highlight that eprosartan effectively improved serum testosterone levels, testicular weight, and sperm count/motility/viability, while mitigating histological irregularities and sperm abnormalities induced by T/D. This recovery in testicular function was underpinned by the activation of the cytoprotective SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, which curtailed testicular oxidative stress, indicated by lowering the MDA content and increasing GSH content. In terms of apoptosis, eprosartan effectively countered apoptotic processes by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 content, suppressing Bax and stimulating Bcl-2 gene expression. Simultaneously, it reactivated impaired autophagy by increasing Beclin-1 expression, decreasing the expression of SQSTM-1/p62 and modulate the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR proteins. Eprosartan hold promise for managing testicular dysfunction arising from testicular torsion exerting antioxidant, pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic effect via the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 as well as Beclin-1/AMPK/mTOR pathways.
Topics: Male; Animals; Sirtuin 1; Thiophenes; Rats; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Autophagy; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Testis; Beclin-1; Rats, Wistar; Imidazoles; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Acrylates; Signal Transduction; Oxidative Stress; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Spermatogenesis; Apoptosis; Testosterone; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38822026
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62740-6 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023To investigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the use of ultrasound elastography on testicular torsion.
BACKGROUND/AIM
To investigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the use of ultrasound elastography on testicular torsion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Herein, 6 equal groups of rats were formed (n: 48): control group, sham group, torsion/detorsion (T/D)-1 h group, T/D-1 h + ASA group, T/D-8 h group, and T/D-8 h + ASA group. Testicular torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise. At 30 min before torsion, 100 mg/kg of ASA was injected intraperitoneally. Elastography was performed at 8 and 24 h. After orchiectomy, specimens were collected for histopathological evaluation.
RESULTS
When comparing the left testicular volume (LV) parameters obtained from the elastography applied at 8 h, significant differences were observed between the following group pairs: the sham and T/D-8 h groups, T/D-1 h and T/D-8 h groups, and T/D-1 h + ASA and T/D-8 h groups (p = 0.004, p = 0.023, and p = 0.026, respectively). The mean LVS (velocity) (stiffness assessment) of the groups was similar at 8 h. When comparing the LV parameters at 24 h, significant differences were found between the T/D-1 h and T/D-8 h groups and between the T/D-8 h and T/D-8 h + ASA groups (p = 0.008 and p = 0.004, respectively). For the LVS mean values at 24 h, significant differences were found between the control and sham groups, sham and T/D-1 h groups, sham and T/D-8 h groups, and sham and T/D-8 h + ASA groups (p = 0.009, p = 0.021, p = 0.027, and p = 0.009, respectively).Histopathological evaluation showed a decrease in the morphological grades and an increase in the mean testicular injury scores in the T/D-1 h + ASA group compared to the T/D-1 h group. The T/D-8 h + ASA group had a higher morphological grade than the T/D-8 h group, whereas their mean testicular injury scores were similar.
CONCLUSION
ASA treatment for testicular torsion was shown to be ineffective. Elastography can be a complementary method to Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of testicular torsion and can guide surgeons in their approach to surgery.
Topics: Male; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Animals; Aspirin; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Rats; Testis; Disease Models, Animal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
PubMed: 38813515
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5729 -
Clinical Case Reports Jun 2024Lipomas are considered one of the most frequent benign mesenchymal tumors with copious variants. Among these variants is angiomyxolipoma (AML) which is considered an...
Lipomas are considered one of the most frequent benign mesenchymal tumors with copious variants. Among these variants is angiomyxolipoma (AML) which is considered an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, only 19 cases have been reported in the English medical literature, of which three of them involving the spermatic cord. Herein, we report the fourth case of a 37-year-old male patient with angiomyxolipoma (AML) of the spermatic cord discovered incidentally during elective hernia repair.
PubMed: 38799528
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8971 -
Cirugia Y Cirujanos 2024The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats.
OBJECTIVE
The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI).
RESULTS
The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.
Topics: Animals; Male; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Reperfusion Injury; Rats, Wistar; Rats; Passiflora; Disease Models, Animal; Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Phytotherapy; Malondialdehyde; Testis; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Peroxidase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Spermatogenesis
PubMed: 38782389
DOI: 10.24875/CIRU.23000416 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2024The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) on oxidative damage, inflammatory response, histopathological variations, and serum...
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) on oxidative damage, inflammatory response, histopathological variations, and serum testosterone levels in testicular tissues. Forty-eight Wistar albino prepubertal male rats were divided into 4 groups (Sham, TTD, TT+PNX+TD, TTD+PNX) (n=12). The torsion period was 2 hours and the detorsion period was 24 hours in the testicular torsion/detorsion (TD) groups. A single PNX-14 (50 µg/kg) dose was injected into the rats in the TT+PNX TD group on the 90th minute of torsion, and it was injected into the rats in the TTD+PNX group at the beginning of detorsion. Oxidative damage in testicular tissues was determined based on superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS), and inflammatory damage was determined based on TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Histopathological variations were investigated with the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining method in testicular tissues and analyzed based on Johnsen scores. Spermatogonia cells were examined immunohistochemically. Serum testosterone levels were determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammation parameters was determined in the TTD group when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). PNX-14 treatment led to a statistically significant decrease in these parameters and significantly repaired the TD damage in testicular tissue (p<0.05). Johnsen scoring revealed significant improvement in PNX-14 groups and an increase in spermatogonia count, supporting the biochemical findings (p<0.05). PNX-14 could be a potential therapeutic agent in testicular TD damage and further studies should be conducted to elucidate the present study findings.
Topics: Animals; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Testis; Rats, Wistar; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Inflammation; Testosterone; Antioxidants; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 38754242
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102405 -
Experimental and Molecular Pathology Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sperm function-preserving properties of sodium acetate (ACE), a histone...
AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sperm function-preserving properties of sodium acetate (ACE), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D).
MAIN METHODS
Littermate Wistar rats of identical weight were subjected to sham surgery or testicular T/D by rotating the left testis at 720° around its axis along the spermatic cord clockwise and fixing it in this position for two and a half hours. 1 h before detorsion, T/D + ACE-treated rats were treated with ACE (200 mg/kg/day, per os) while T/D rats were vehicle-treated by administering 0.5 mL of distilled water. After 72 h, animals were euthanized, and the left testes were harvested for bio-molecular and histological analysis.
KEY FINDINGS
Acetate administration attenuated T/D-induced rises in serum and testicular HDAC and testicular xanthine oxidase, uric acid, MDA, GSSG, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NFkB, HIF-1α, and VCAM-1. In addition, acetate treatment alleviated T/D-induced decline in sperm quality (count, motility, viability, and normal morphology) and testicular 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, testosterone, GSH, GSH/GSSG, SOD, catalase, GPx, GST, Nrf2, and HO-1. Furthermore, acetate prevented T/D-distorted testicular histoarchitecture and spermatogenic germ cell loss.
SIGNIFICANCE
Sodium acetate during the post-ischaemic phase of testicular T/D may be beneficial in preventing I/R injury and maintaining fertility.
Topics: Male; Animals; Reperfusion Injury; Rats, Wistar; Testis; Rats; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Sodium Acetate; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Spermatozoa; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
PubMed: 38749364
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104901 -
Journal of Medical Primatology Jun 2024Analysing the literature about the reproductive anatomy on New World Primates, one can see the need of standardisation on the description methods and, more importantly,...
BACKGROUND
Analysing the literature about the reproductive anatomy on New World Primates, one can see the need of standardisation on the description methods and, more importantly, the lack of detailed information. The problem is aggravated by the difficult access to specimens of the endangered species such as Brachyteles sp. This paper's objective was to extend knowledge on the male reproductive anatomy of these primates. The testis and funiculus spermaticus of Brachyteles are described in detail.
METHODS
We utilised one individual of Brachyteles arachnoides, two hybrids (B. arachnoides × Brachyteles hypoxanthus) and photographs of the testis of a third fresh specimen of a hybrid individual.
RESULTS
The septum formed by tunica dartos adheres to the testis and separates the scrotum in two testicular cavities. Passed the spermatic cord, the external spermatic fascia continues with the tunica dartos, covering the cranial half of the testis. The fascia cremasterica divides itself in bundles of fibres and forms loops around the testicles creating a sac like structure that seems to be unique among Neotropical Primates. The appendix testis is described for the first time in platyrrhini. It is presented as a sessile structure in the extremitas capitata of the testis. Previous literature on the reproductive anatomy of platyrrhini is limited. Despite that, it can be said that the large size and volume of the testis, and complex structure of the cremaster, could consist of a heat loss reduction strategy in cold and humid forest environments.
CONCLUSIONS
Except for the larger size of the testicles in hybrid individuals, no other significant morphological differences were found between B. arachnoides and hybrids (B. arachnoides × B. hypoxanthus).
Topics: Animals; Male; Testis; Atelinae; Spermatic Cord
PubMed: 38745344
DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12702 -
Protective effect of astaxanthin on testis torsion/detorsion injury through modulation of autophagy.Revista Internacional de Andrologia Mar 2024A significant clinical condition known as testicular torsion leads to permanent ischemic damage to the testicular tissue and consequent loss of function in the...
A significant clinical condition known as testicular torsion leads to permanent ischemic damage to the testicular tissue and consequent loss of function in the testicles. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Astaxanthin (ASTX) on testicular damage in rats with testicular torsion/detorsion in the light of biochemical and histopathological data. Spraque Dawley rats of 21 were randomly divided into three groups; sham, testicular torsion/detorsion (TTD) and astaxanthin + testicular torsion/detorsion (ASTX + TTD). TTD and ASTX + TTD groups underwent testicular torsion for 2 hours and then detorsion for 4 hours. Rats in the ASTX + TTD group were given 1 mg/kg/day astaxanthin by oral gavage for 7 days before torsion. Following the detorsion process, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes in testicular tissue were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were significantly decreased in the ASTX group compared to the TTD group, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were increased ( < 0.05). Moreover, histopathological changes were significantly reduced in the group given ASTX ( < 0.0001). It was determined that ASTX administration increased Beclin-1 immunoreactivity in ischemic testicular tissue, while decreasing caspase-3 immunoreactivity ( < 0.0001). Our study is the first to investigate the antiautophagic and antiapoptotic properties of astaxanthin after testicular torsion/detorsion based on the close relationship of Beclin-1 and caspase-3 in ischemic tissues. Our results clearly demonstrate the protective effects of ASTX against ischemic damage in testicular tissue. In ischemic testicular tissue, ASTX contributes to the survival of cells by inducing autophagy and inhibiting the apoptosis.
Topics: Male; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Animals; Xanthophylls; Autophagy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Testis; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Malondialdehyde; Random Allocation; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione
PubMed: 38735875
DOI: 10.22514/j.androl.2024.005 -
Revista Internacional de Andrologia Mar 2024It was aimed to evaluate whether gallic acid (GA) have a beneficial effect in the testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model in rats for the first time....
It was aimed to evaluate whether gallic acid (GA) have a beneficial effect in the testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model in rats for the first time. Testicular malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase, catalase, high mobility group box 1 protein, nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factoralpha, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcription factor 6, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein and caspase-3 levels were determined using colorimetric methods. The oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels increased statistically significantly in the IRI group compared with the sham operated group ( < 0.05). GA application improved these damage significantly ( < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that the results of histological examinations supported the biochemical results to a statistically significant extent. Our findings suggested that GA may be evaluated as a protective agent against testicular IRI.
Topics: Male; Animals; Gallic Acid; Rats; Reperfusion Injury; Spermatic Cord Torsion; NF-kappa B; HMGB1 Protein; Oxidative Stress; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Testis; Apoptosis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38735871
DOI: 10.22514/j.androl.2024.001 -
The impact of health care on outcomes of suspected testicular torsion: results from the GRAND study.World Journal of Urology May 2024Suspicion of testicular torsion represents a urological emergency, necessitating immediate surgery. Comprehensive data on the current trends and perioperative outcomes...
BACKGROUND
Suspicion of testicular torsion represents a urological emergency, necessitating immediate surgery. Comprehensive data on the current trends and perioperative outcomes regarding surgical exploration are sparse. Therefore, we utilized nationwide data on the prevalence and results of this surgery, aiming to provide evidence on this matter.
METHODS
We assessed the GeRmAn Nationwide inpatient Data (GRAND) from 2005 to 2021, provided by the Research Data Center of the Federal Bureau of Statistics. We performed multiple regression analyses to evaluate the perioperative outcomes (length of hospital stay, transfusion, and surgical wound infection) after surgical exploration due to suspected testicular torsion based on both the outcome of surgery (orchiectomy, detorsion with preservation of the testicle, and no testicular torsion) and on the department of operation (urological versus non-urological).
RESULTS
A total of 81,899 males underwent surgical exploration due to suspected testicular torsion in Germany from 2005 to 2021. Of them, 11,725 (14%) underwent orchiectomy, 30,765 (38%) detorsion with preservation of the testicle and subsequent orchidopexy, and 39,409 (48%) presented no testicular torsion. Orchiectomy was significantly associated with longer length of hospital stay (day difference of 1.4 days, 95%CI: 1.3-1.4, p < 0.001), higher odds of transfusion (1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.6, p = 0.002) and surgical wound infections (1.8, 95%CI: 1.4-2.3, p < 0.001) compared to no testicular torsion. The proportion of patients undergoing orchiectomy was significantly lower in urological departments (14%) versus non-urological departments (16%) and the proportion of patients undergoing preservation of testicle after detorsion was significantly higher in urological departments (38%) versus non-urological departments (37%), p < 0.001. Patients undergoing treatment in a urological department were discharged earlier and presented lower odds of transfusion and surgical wound infection (p < 0.001) compared to patients undergoing treatment in a non-urological department.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly half of patients who underwent surgery for suspected testicular torsion did not have intraoperatively the condition confirmed. Patients treated in urological departments had significantly better perioperative outcomes compared to those treated in non-urological departments. Therefore, we advise to refer patients to urological treatment as early as possible.
Topics: Humans; Spermatic Cord Torsion; Male; Orchiectomy; Germany; Adult; Adolescent; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Middle Aged; Child; Orchiopexy; Length of Stay
PubMed: 38722366
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-05015-z