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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Jun 2024To report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis in a young male.
PURPOSE
To report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis in a young male.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective case report.
RESULTS
A 25-year-old male presented with reduced vision in the right eye and recurrent past episodes of hypopyon uveitis. The right eye had vision of counting fingers close to the face with cells, flare, and hypopyon in the anterior chamber with vitritis and exudates in the fundus. Blood investigations for tuberculosis, syphilis, toxoplasma, sarcoidosis, RA, ANA, HLA B27, and HLA B29 were negative. Anterior chamber tap investigations for herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and toxoplasma, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yielded negative results. Ultrasound B-scan revealed a moderate number of low-reflective dot echoes in the vitreous, along with a few membranous echoes suggestive of vitritis. Blood culture and urine culture were negative. Since there was progressive deterioration, diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy was done with intravitreal antibiotics. The culture of the vitreous sample grew Sphingomonas paucimobilis. In the post-operative period, the patient developed retinal detachment, and re-surgery was done with a lensectomy, and the vision improved to 6/18 with contact lenses in the follow-up.
CONCLUSION
This case report describes the distinct occurrence of endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent young male, which was previously reported only in peripartum cases. The clinical course is characterized by masquerading symptoms and recurrent episodes, despite the organism being of low virulence.
PubMed: 38856759
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2363487 -
Microorganisms May 2024Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a...
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a retrospective study was conducted involving 302 patients (>18 years old) with ascites treated at a tertiary referral center in south-eastern Poland. Microbiological analysis of the ascitic fluids was performed in all patients. The presence of microorganisms was found in samples from 17 patients, and 21 pathogens were isolated, including 15 Gram-positive bacteria and 6 Gram-negative bacteria. , MRCNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins and carbapenems) was the main pathogen detected (19.05%, 4/21), followed by (9.52%, 2/21), (9.52%, 2/21), , MRCNS (4.76%, 1/21), (9.52%, 2/21), (9.52%, 2/21), (4.76%, 1/21) and spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The following Gram-negative bacteria were also found in the specimens examined: , ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing ) (4.76%, 1/21), (4.76%, 1/21), (4.76%, 1/21), (9.52%, 2/21) and (4.76%, 1/21). Gram-positive bacteria caused nosocomial infections in nine patients with SBP, Gram-negative bacteria caused nosocomial infections in two patients. In six patients with SBP, community-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were found in three cases, Gram-positive bacteria in two cases, and in one case, community-acquired infection was caused by mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Bacteria isolated from patients with hospital-acquired SBP showed higher drug resistance than those found in patients with non-hospital SBP. Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with complications may be responsible for their deteriorating health. Prompt intervention is critical to reducing mortality.
PubMed: 38792837
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051008 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety May 2024Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds...
Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds decreases animal feed intake. This study aimed to valorize GM as a potential new feed resource through the chemical and microbial biotransformation of toxic compounds that will henceforth, make the plant palatable for cows. After GM's ensiling using fermentative bacteria, the plant was sampled for UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse the metabolomic changes. Illumina Miseq of the 16 S rRNA fragment genes and ITS1 were used to describe the microbial composition and structure colonizing GM silage and contributing to the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Microbial functions were predicted from metataxonomic data and KEGG pathways analysis. Eight Holstein dairy cows assigned in a cross-over design were supplemented with GM and GM silage to evaluate palatability and effects on milk yield and milk protein. Cows were fed their typical diet prior to the experiment (positive control). After ensiling, 23 flavonoids, 47 amino acids and derivatives increased, while the other 14 flavonoids, 9 amino acids and derivatives decreased, indicating active metabolism during the GM ensiling process. Lactobacillus buchneri, Bacteroides ovatus, and Megasphaera elsdenii were specific to ensiled GM and correlated to functional plant metabolites, while Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were specific to non-ensiled GM and correlated to the toxic metabolite 5-hydroxymethylfurfural."Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism", "cancer overview" and "neurodegenerative disease" were the highly expressed microbial KEGG pathways in non-ensiled GM. Non-ensiled GM is unpalatable for cows and drastically reduces the animal's feed intake, whereas ensiled GM does not reduce feed intake, milk yield and milk protein. This study provides essential information for sustainable animal production by valorizing GM as a new feed additive.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Silage; Animal Feed; Milk; Lactation; Diet
PubMed: 38581911
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116292 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Dec 2023Sphingomonas paucimobilis can be found in air, water systems, dialysis fluid, nebulizers and laboratory instruments in hospitals. Despite its low pathogenicity, it can...
INTRODUCTION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis can be found in air, water systems, dialysis fluid, nebulizers and laboratory instruments in hospitals. Despite its low pathogenicity, it can cause severe infections.
CASE REPORT
A 54-year-old man presented with fever, cough and pain in the right hemithorax. The laboratory results showed elevated inflammatory parameters. Chest radiography showed right upper lobe pneumonia. Empiric antibiotic therapy (cephalosporin) was prescribed. On control examination chest radiography showed incomplete regression. Chest computer tomography (CT) finding was bronchopneumonia in the right upper lobe. Bacteriological examination of fiberaspirate revealed Sphingomonas paucimobils. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed based on the antibiogram. After two weeks the control laboratory analysis was normal. The patient was fully recovered.
CONCLUSIONS
Our patient had no comorbidities or malignancies, and no hospitalization in the recent past. He had a dental intervention 5 days prior to the onset of symptoms. We propose that it was an infection after the dental intervention.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Sphingomonas; Pneumonia; Cephalosporins; Cough
PubMed: 38252718
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18549 -
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jan 2024Septicemia is commonly suspected of sea turtles entering rehabilitation. However, blood culture results of green sea turtles () are infrequently reported in the...
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CULTURES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL FINDINGS AND OUTCOME IN GREEN SEA TURTLES () AT A FLORIDA SEA TURTLE REHABILITATION FACILITY, 2017-2020.
Septicemia is commonly suspected of sea turtles entering rehabilitation. However, blood culture results of green sea turtles () are infrequently reported in the literature. Aerobic blood cultures were performed for intake examinations of 167 green sea turtles undergoing rehabilitation at Brevard Zoo's Sea Turtle Healing Center, Melbourne, Florida, USA from 2017 to 2020. The incidence of positive cultures during intake examinations was 24% (40/167). The most common bacterial isolates identified were , , , , , and . There was a statistically significant association ( < 0.05) between culture status and evidence of external injury. There was no significant association between culture status and like coccidia infection, or fibropapillomatosis. Culture-positive turtles had significantly lower ( < 0.05) total white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, total protein, albumin, and calculated globulin values compared to turtles with negative blood cultures. Significantly more culture-positive turtles died in rehabilitation compared to culture-negative ( = 0.042). Positive blood cultures suggestive of septicemia are commonly found during intake examinations at a Florida sea turtle rehabilitation facility.
Topics: Animals; Turtles; Blood Culture; Florida; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis
PubMed: 38252000
DOI: 10.1638/2022-0163 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Mar 2024The plastisphere may act as reservoir of antibiotic resistome, accelerating global antimicrobial resistance dissemination. However, the environmental risks in the...
The plastisphere may act as reservoir of antibiotic resistome, accelerating global antimicrobial resistance dissemination. However, the environmental risks in the plastisphere of field microplastics (MPs) in farmland remain largely unknown. Here, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) on polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid microplastics (PBAT/PLA-MPs) from residues were investigated using metagenomic analysis. The results suggested that the profiles of ARG and VF in the plastisphere of PBAT/PLA-MPs had greater number of detected genes with statistically higher values of diversity and abundance than soil and PE-MP. Procrustes analysis indicated a good fitting correlation between ARG/VF profiles and bacterial community composition. Actinobacteria was the major host for tetracycline and glycopeptide resistance genes in the soil and PE-MP plastisphere, whereas the primary host for multidrug resistance genes changed to Proteobacteria in PBAT/PLA-MP plastisphere. Besides, three human pathogens, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified in the plastisphere. The PE-MP plastisphere exhibited a higher transfer potential of ARGs than PBAT/PLA-MP plastisphere. This work enhances our knowledge of potential environmental risks posed by microplastic in farmland and provides valuable insights for risk assessment and management of agricultural mulching applications.
Topics: Humans; Farms; Microplastics; Plastics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Polyesters; Soil
PubMed: 38198862
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133428 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a rare cause of bacteremia. It can affect both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Community acquired infections of this organism are...
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a rare cause of bacteremia. It can affect both healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Community acquired infections of this organism are more common than nosocomial ones. We report two cases of community acquired S. paucimobilis bacteremia-one in a healthy patient and other in a diabetic patient. Both presented with multiple episodes of loose stools, pain abdomen, vomiting, decreased oral intake and myalgia. They responded well to Cefipime 1g and Sulbactam 500mg combination antibiotic and were discharged satisfactorily. In the absence of standardized guidelines, antibiotic sensitivity guided case-to-case therapy is warranted with prompt initiation to prevent complications.
Topics: Humans; Sphingomonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Community-Acquired Infections; Male; Bacteremia; Middle Aged; Sulbactam; Treatment Outcome; Female; Adult; Diabetes Complications
PubMed: 38158184
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100524 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can...
Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria. These challenges require collaborative efforts to successfully achieve significant control of AMR in the country. The present study aims to isolate bacteria from camels' tick in Al-Jouf province to identify and determine these isolates' antimicrobial susceptibilities. Forty-nine ticks were collected from dromedary camels and morphologically classified as . Ticks were then homogenized and plated individually, which resulted in the isolation of 55 bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial isolates belong to 20 different species. About 71% ( = 39) of the total isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria comprised of 11 different species, while 29% ( = 16) of the total isolates were Gram-negative bacteria comprised of 9 different species. The most prevalent isolate within the total samples was (22.45%, 11/49), followed by (18.37%, 9/49) and (16.33% 8/49). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-positive bacteria showed that 100% ( = 31) were resistant to benzylpenicillin; 90.3% ( = 28) were resistant to oxacillin; 58.1% ( = 18) were resistant to clindamycin; 48.4% ( = 15) were resistant to vancomycin. In addition, 32.3% ( = 10) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin; 25.8% ( = 8) were resistant to erythromycin; 16.1% ( = 5) were resistant to teicoplanin; 6.5% ( = 2) were resistant to tetracycline. All Gram-positive bacteria were 100% susceptible to linezolid, gentamicin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the Gram-negative bacteria, 57.14% ( = 8) of the identified bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, whereas 50% ( = 7) were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftazidime. About 28.57% ( = 4) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, 21.43% ( = 3) were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin; 14.29% ( = 2) were resistant to cefepime and nitrofurantoin; 7.14% ( = 1) were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline. However, all Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to other examined antimicrobials. This is the first study that investigates the role of the hard tick as a potential reservoir for AMR pathogens within our region.
PubMed: 38155762
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227908 -
Germs Sep 2023Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains....
INTRODUCTION
Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific and sensitive compared to community acquired meningitis. This is in part secondary to indolent bacteria commonly infecting external ventricular drains leading to ventriculitis.
CASE REPORT
Herein, a rare case of ventriculitis in an immunocompetent host is reported. The patient had classic symptoms of ventriculitis, but her cerebral spinal fluid parameters were benign and initial cultures were negative. Consequently, treatment was tailored to an assumed respiratory infection only to have recurrence of her symptoms. Repeat analysis of her cerebral spinal fluid was again benign, but her cerebral spinal fluid culture grew S. . Subsequently, the patient was treated with cefepime, which resolved her symptoms. She completed a two-week course and has had no recurrence of her infection.
CONCLUSIONS
This case reinforces the need for clinicians to have heightened awareness of this emerging pathogen, its antibiotic resistance patterns, and the unique composition of this bacterium's cell wall which has ramifications on disease presentation.
PubMed: 38146376
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1391 -
Germs Jun 2023Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly...
Achieving pre-eminence of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli causing septicemia in intensive care units: A single center study of a tertiary care hospital.
INTRODUCTION
Bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit have always been a global healthcare challenge. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the yearly trend of antibiotic resistance in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) causing septicemia in intensive care units.
METHODS
Blood samples were collected from the patients admitted in various intensive care units and processed for isolation and identification of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. The isolated bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing as per standard operating procedures.
RESULTS
Out of 3632 blood samples, 977 (26.9%) samples showed microbial growth, of which 10.1% were Gram positive cocci, 8.7% were Gram negative bacilli (Enterobacterales), 7% were NFGNB and 1% were spp. Increasing resistance among complex was observed to ceftazidime, cefepime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, meropenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, strains were found to be associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime and meropenem. A substantial increase in resistance levels was observed among and as well.
CONCLUSIONS
An increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in NFGNB envisages the worst consequences in ICUs in the coming years. Therefore, reviewing and strict implementation of the antimicrobial policies including 'rational use of antibiotics' is recommended.
PubMed: 38144242
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2023.1374