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Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024The efficient activation and selective high-valent metal-oxo (HVMO) species generation remain challenging for peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes...
The efficient activation and selective high-valent metal-oxo (HVMO) species generation remain challenging for peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) in water purification. The underlying mechanism of the activation pathway is ambiguous, leading to a massive dilemma in the control and regulation of HVMO species generation. Herein, bioinspired by the bio-oxidase structure of cytochrome P450, the axial coordination strategy was adopted to tailor a single-atom cobalt catalyst (CoN4S-CB) with an axial S coordination. CoN4S-CB high-selectively generated high-valent Co-Oxo species (Co(IV)=O) via PMS activation. Co(IV)=O demonstrated an ingenious oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reaction to achieve the efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and this allowed robust operation in various complex environments. The axial S coordination modulated the 3d orbital electron distribution of the Co atom. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the axial S coordination decreased the energy barrier for PMS desorption and lowered the free energy change (ΔG) for Co(IV)=O generation. CoN4S-PMS* had a narrow d-band close to the Fermi level, which enhanced charge transfer to accelerate the cleavage of O-O and O-H bonds in PMS. This work provides a broader perspective on the activator design with natural enzyme structure-like active sites to efficient activate PMS for selective HVMO species generation.
Topics: Cobalt; Catalysis; Peroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfamethoxazole; Water Purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Oxygen; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Density Functional Theory
PubMed: 38703676
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134515 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2024The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) often occurs in aquatic ecosystems, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. However,...
The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) often occurs in aquatic ecosystems, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. However, little is known about the liver damage caused by the single or co-exposure of MPs and SMZ, and its specific mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of co-exposure to 20 μm or 80 nm MPs and SMZ in both larval and adult zebrafish models. Firstly, we observed a significant decrease in the number of hepatocytes and the liver damage in larval zebrafish worsened following co-exposure to SMZ and MPs. Additionally, the number of macrophages and neutrophils decreased, while the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzyme activities increased after co-exposure in larval zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression in the co-exposed groups, particularly in processes related to oxidation-reduction, inflammatory response, and the MAPK signaling pathway in the liver of adult zebrafish. Co-exposure of SMZ and MPs also promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and inhibited proliferation levels, which was associated with the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and an increase in protein levels of Nrf2 and NF-kB p65 in the adult zebrafish. Furthermore, our pharmacological experiments demonstrated that inhibiting ROS and blocking the MAPK signaling pathway partially rescued the liver injury induced by co-exposure both in larval and adult zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings suggest that co-exposure to SMZ and MPs induces hepatic dysfunction through the ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in zebrafish. This information provides novel insights into the potential environmental risk of MPs and hazardous pollutants co-existence in aquatic ecosystems.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Sulfamethoxazole; Microplastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Reactive Oxygen Species; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Liver; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Larva; Apoptosis; Hepatocytes
PubMed: 38703406
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116415 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2024BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis...
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, but cases in immunocompetent patients are rare. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis (PCH) is a challenging diagnosis due to its clinical polymorphism and can mimic other infectious and non-infectious diseases. Previous cases of PCH have been reported in immunocompetent patients with underlying medical conditions or trauma history. So far there have been no reports of PCH after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) application due to inadequate hygiene measures in an immunocompetent host. CASE REPORT This case report presents a rare occurrence of PCH following a cosmetic procedure (PRP injection) in an immunocompetent patient. The patient developed nodule-like lesions at the application sites, which progressed to ulceration with purulent discharge. Initially, atypical mycobacterial infection was suspected, and empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated. Complementary tests were performed, ruling out immunosuppression and systemic pathogens. The patient showed complete resolution of the lesions after one month of atypical treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PCH with intracytoplasmic inclusions of Histoplasma sp. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of considering histoplasmosis as a diagnostic possibility, especially in hyperendemic areas like Venezuela. Direct inoculation of Histoplasma sp. after aesthetic procedures without proper hygiene measures can lead to pathological lesions, even in immunocompetent individuals. TMP/SMX can be considered as an alternative treatment option in the absence of the first-line medication. Further exploration of this treatment approach may benefit patients with similar clinical conditions or when ideal treatment options are unavailable.
Topics: Humans; Histoplasmosis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Female; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermatomycoses; Immunocompetence; Adult
PubMed: 38702880
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942660 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jun 2024Discharging pharmaceutically active drugs into water and wastewater has become a significant environmental threat. Traditional methods are unable to effectively remove...
Discharging pharmaceutically active drugs into water and wastewater has become a significant environmental threat. Traditional methods are unable to effectively remove these compounds from wastewater, so it is necessary to search for more effective methods. This study investigates the potential of MIL-101(Cr)-NH as a preferable and more effective adsorbent for the adsorption and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds from aqueous solutions. By utilizing its large porosity, high specific surface area, and high stability, the structural and transport properties of three pharmaceutically active compounds naproxen (NAP), diclofenac (DIC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicate that the MIL-101(Cr)-NH adsorbent is suitable for removing drug molecules from aqueous solutions, with maximum adsorption capacities of 697.75 mg/g for naproxen, 704.99 mg/g for diclofenac, and 725.51 mg/g for sulfamethoxazole.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Naproxen; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Sulfamethoxazole; Diclofenac; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Adsorption; Water Purification; Wastewater; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38701652
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116333 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics May 2024We present a promising method for producing amorphous drug particles using a nozzle-free ultrasonic nebulizer with polymers, specifically polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),...
We present a promising method for producing amorphous drug particles using a nozzle-free ultrasonic nebulizer with polymers, specifically polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and Eudragit® S 100 (EUD). Model crystalline phase drugs-Empagliflozin, Furosemide, and Ilaprazole-are selected. This technique efficiently produces spherical polymer-drug composite particles and demonstrates enhanced stability against humidity and thermal conditions, compared to the drug-only amorphous particles. The composite particles exhibit improved water dissolution compared to the original crystalline drugs, indicating potential bioavailability enhancements. While there are challenges, including the need for continuous water supply for ultrasonic component cooling, dependency on the solubility of polymers and drugs in volatile organic solvents, and mildly elevated temperatures for solvent evaporation, our method offers significant advantages over traditional approaches. It provides a straightforward, flexible process adaptable to various drug-polymer combinations and consistently yields spherical amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) particles with a narrow size distribution. These attributes make our method a valuable advancement in pharmaceutical drug formulation and delivery.
Topics: Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Polymers; Particle Size; Drug Stability; Solubility; Drug Compounding; Acrylic Resins; Povidone; Ultrasonics; Polymethacrylic Acids; Furosemide; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 38697582
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124177 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Excessive release of chromium (Cr) from the tanning industry and antibiotics from livestock caused severe hazards to humans. Gallic acid (GA 10 mM) alleviated...
Excessive release of chromium (Cr) from the tanning industry and antibiotics from livestock caused severe hazards to humans. Gallic acid (GA 10 mM) alleviated alone/combined SDZ 30 mg kg and TWW 40, 60, and 100% stress in wheat. GA (10 mM) decreased the TSP 12 and 13%, TFAA 8 and 10%, TSS 14 and 16%, RS 18 and 16%, and NRS 11 and 9% in shoots and grains under SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar. GA (10 mM) declined the MDA 20 and 31, EL 13 and 36%, HO 17 and 15%, O 10 and 11% in leaves and roots, under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar. GA (10 mM) improved the POD 106 and 30%, SOD 145 and 31%, CAT 78, and 35%, APX 100 and 25% in leaves and roots under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar application. Considerably GA (10 mM) reduced total Cr 18, Cr 20, and Cr 50% in roots and shoots 19, 41, and 48%, and grains 15, 27, and 29% respectively, under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%) stress, compared without foliar. Overall, GA boosted the wheat growth, physiology, and defence system by inhibiting the combined SDZ + Cr toxicity.
Topics: Triticum; Gallic Acid; Tanning; Wastewater; Sulfadiazine; Chromium; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 38697571
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142203 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Aug 2024Fe and N co-doped walnut shell biochar (Fe,N-BC) was prepared through a one-pot pyrolysis procedure by using walnut shells as feedstocks, melamine as the N source, and...
Fe and N co-doped walnut shell biochar (Fe,N-BC) was prepared through a one-pot pyrolysis procedure by using walnut shells as feedstocks, melamine as the N source, and iron (III) chloride as the Fe source. Moreover, pristine biochar (BC), nitrogen-doped biochar (N-BC), and α-FeO-BC were synthesized as controls. All the prepared materials were characterized by different techniques and were used for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). A very high degradation rate for SMX (10 mg/L) was achieved with Fe,N-BC/PMS (0.5 min), which was higher than those for BC/PMS (0.026 min), N-BC/PMS (0.038 min), and α-FeO-BC/PMS (0.33 min) under the same conditions. This is mainly due to the formation of FeC and iron oxides, which are very reactive for the activation of PMS. In the next step, Fe,N-BC was employed for the formation of a composite membrane structure by a liquid-induced phase inversion process. The synthesized ultrafiltration membrane not only exhibited high separation performance for humic acid sodium salt (HA, 98%) but also exhibited improved self-cleaning properties when applied for rhodamine B (RhB) filtration combined with a PMS solution cleaning procedure. Scavenging experiments revealed that O was the predominant species responsible for the degradation of SMX. The transformation products of SMX and possible degradation pathways were also identified. Furthermore, the toxicity assessment revealed that the overall toxicity of the intermediate was lower than that of SMX.
Topics: Juglans; Sulfamethoxazole; Charcoal; Peroxides; Iron; Nitrogen; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38697252
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124018 -
BMC Pediatrics Apr 2024In environments with limited resources, undernutrition is a serious public health risk. Its dual relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) leads to...
Survival status and its predictors among undernourished children on antiretroviral therapy in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2010 - 2020, a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
In environments with limited resources, undernutrition is a serious public health risk. Its dual relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) leads to crises in a child's physical, emotional, social, and economic spheres of life. Nevertheless, little research has been done on the survival rate and risk factors that lead to poor survival outcomes in undernourished children receiving antiretroviral therapy. This study sought to evaluate survival status and its predictors among undernourished children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in public health facilities, Bahir Dar city, September 1, 2010 - December 31, 2020.
METHODS
An institution-based retrospective cohort study design was used among 414 study participants from September 1, 2010 - December 31, 2020. A simple random sampling method was applied to select study participants. All collected data were entered into epi data version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. Each independent predictor variable with a p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The overall incidence of mortality was 11.6 deaths per 1000 child year observation (95%CI: 7.7- 17.5). Baseline weight for age < -3 Z score (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.30-18.98), height for age < -3 Z score (AHR = 4.34, 95%CI 1.13-16.6), cotrimoxazole prophylaxis given (AHR = 0.27, 95%CI 0.08-0.87), hemoglobin level < 10 g/dl (AHR = 3.7, 95%CI 1.1-12.7), CD4 cells < threshold (AHR = 4.86, 95%CI 1.9-12.7), and WHO clinical disease stage III and IV (AHR = 8.1, 95%CI 1.97-33) were found independent predictors of mortality.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The incidence of mortality was determined in the study to be 11.6 per 1000 child years. Mortality was predicted by severe stunting, severe underweight, a low hemoglobin level, a low CD4 count, and WHO clinical stages III and IV. But the risk of death is reduced by starting cotrimoxazole preventative therapy early. The risk factors that result in a low survival status should be the primary focus of all concerned bodies, and early cotrimoxazole preventive treatment initiation is strongly recommended.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; HIV Infections; Child, Preschool; Infant; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Child Nutrition Disorders; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Child; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Malnutrition
PubMed: 38689230
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04745-8 -
Environmental Research Jul 2024Antibiotics released into water sources pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. This comprehensive review meticulously examines the... (Review)
Review
From wastewater to clean water: Recent advances on the removal of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole antibiotics from water through adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).
Antibiotics released into water sources pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. This comprehensive review meticulously examines the ecotoxicological impacts of three prevalent antibiotics-ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and sulfamethoxazole-on the ecosystems. Within this framework, our primary focus revolves around the key remediation technologies: adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, an array of adsorbents is explored, spanning diverse classes such as biomass-derived biosorbents, graphene-based adsorbents, MXene-based adsorbents, silica gels, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based adsorbents, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), carbon nanofibers, biochar, metal oxides, and nanocomposites. On the flip side, the review meticulously examines the main AOPs widely employed in water treatment. This includes a thorough analysis of ozonation (O), the photo-Fenton process, UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV/HO), TiO photocatalysis, ozone/UV (O/UV), radiation-induced AOPs, and sonolysis. Furthermore, the review provides in-depth insights into equilibrium isotherm and kinetic models as well as prospects and challenges inherent in these cutting-edge processes. By doing so, this review aims to empower readers with a profound understanding, enabling them to determine research gaps and pioneer innovative treatment methodologies for water contaminated with antibiotics.
Topics: Water Pollutants, Chemical; Sulfamethoxazole; Adsorption; Oxidation-Reduction; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Water Purification; Wastewater; Ciprofloxacin; Metronidazole
PubMed: 38685299
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119029 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B May 2024Kidney-associated human lysozyme amyloidosis leads to renal impairments;thus, patients are often prescribed furosemide. Based on this fact, the effect of furosemide on...
Kidney-associated human lysozyme amyloidosis leads to renal impairments;thus, patients are often prescribed furosemide. Based on this fact, the effect of furosemide on induced human lysozyme fibrillation, , is evaluated by spectroscopic, calorimetric, computational, and cellular-based assays/methods. Results show that furosemide increases the lag phase and decreases the apparent rate of aggregation of human lysozyme, thereby decelerating the nucleation phase and amyloid fibril formation, as confirmed by the decrease in the level of Thioflavin-T fluorescence. Fewer entities of hydrodynamic radii of ∼171 nm instead of amyloid fibrils (∼412 nm) are detected in human lysozyme in the presence of furosemide by dynamic light scattering. Moreover, furosemide decreases the extent of conversion of the α/β structure of human lysozyme into a predominant β-sheet. The isothermal titration calorimetry established that furosemide forms a complex with human lysozyme, which was also confirmed through fluorescence quenching and computational studies. Also, human lysozyme lytic activity is inhibited competitively by furosemide due to the involvement of amino acid residues of the active site in catalysis, as well as complex formation. Conclusively, furosemide interacts with Gln58, Ile59, Asn60, Ala108, and Trp109 of aggregation-prone regions 2 and 4 of human lysozyme, thereby masking its sites of aggregation and generating only lower-order entities that are less toxic to red blood cells than the fibrils. Thus, furosemide slows the progression of amyloid fibrillation in human lysozyme.
Topics: Muramidase; Humans; Furosemide; Protein Aggregates; Amyloid; Molecular Dynamics Simulation
PubMed: 38683125
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02613