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Journal of Occupational and... Jun 2024To investigate the mediating role of the activation degree of arginine-proline metabolism in the association of coal dust and decreased lung function.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the mediating role of the activation degree of arginine-proline metabolism in the association of coal dust and decreased lung function.
METHODS
CDE represented coal dust exposure, while the Hyp/Arg in BALF gauged arginine-proline metabolism activation. Pulmonary function indicators, including FVC%pred, FEV1/FVC%, and FEV1%pred, DLCO%pred, P(A-a) O2 and 6MWT, were assessed.
RESULTS
Findings revealed a significant association between elevated CDE and increased Hyp/Arg, increased P(A-a) O2, decreased 6MWT, DLCO%pred, and decreased FVC%pred. However, no statistically significant association was found between CDE and FEV1%pred or FEV1/FVC%. The mediating effect of Hyp/Arg was significant for CDE's impact on P(A-a) O2 and DLCO%pred but not on 6MWT and FVC%pred.
CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the role of Hyp/Arg in mediating the association between CDE and lung function parameters, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues for mitigating coal dust-induced lung function impairment.
PubMed: 38935365
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003171 -
TAT-beclin1 treatment accelerates the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-deficient mice.FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Jul 2024The importance of autophagy in atherosclerosis has garnered significant attention regarding the potential applications of autophagy inducers. However, the impact of...
The importance of autophagy in atherosclerosis has garnered significant attention regarding the potential applications of autophagy inducers. However, the impact of TAT-Beclin1, a peptide inducer of autophagy, on the development of atherosclerotic plaques remains unclear. Single-cell omics analysis indicates a notable reduction in GAPR1 levels within fibroblasts, stromal cells, and macrophages during atherosclerosis. Tat-beclin1 (T-B), an autophagy-inducing peptide derived from Beclin1, could selectively bind to GAPR1, relieving its inhibition on Beclin1 and thereby augmenting autophagosome formation. To investigate its impact on atherosclerosic plaque progression, we established the ApoE mouse model of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Surprisingly, intravenous administration of Tat-beclin1 dramatically accelerated the development of carotid artery plaques. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested that macrophage aggregation and autophagosome formation within atherosclerotic plaques were significantly increased upon T-B treatment. However, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a reduction in autophagy flux through lysosomes. In vitro, the interaction between T-B and GAPR1 was confirmed in RAW264.7 cells, resulting in the increased accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and LC3-II in the presence of ox-LDL. Additionally, T-B treatment elevated the protein levels of p62/SQSTM1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase 1, along with the secretion of IL-1β in response to ox-LDL exposure. In summary, our study underscores that T-B treatment amplifies abnormal autophagy and inflammation, consequently exacerbating atherosclerotic plaque development in ApoE-/- mice.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Beclin-1; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Autophagy; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; RAW 264.7 Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Male; Mice, Knockout; Macrophages
PubMed: 38934372
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400161RR -
The Journal of Pathology Jun 2024Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between exposure to fine...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a significant global public health concern. Recent epidemiological studies have highlighted the link between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and a decline in renal function. PM exerts harmful effects on various organs through oxidative stress and inflammation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) involves biological processes similar to those involved in PM toxicity and is a known risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of PM exposure on IRI-induced AKI. Through a unique environmentally controlled setup, mice were exposed to urban PM or filtered air for 12 weeks before IRI followed by euthanasia 48 h after surgery. Animals exposed to PM and IRI exhibited reduced glomerular filtration, impaired urine concentration ability, and significant tubular damage. Further, PM aggravated local innate immune responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as enhancing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway activation. This increased renal senescence and suppressed the anti-ageing protein klotho, leading to early fibrotic changes. In vitro studies using proximal tubular epithelial cells exposed to PM and hypoxia/reoxygenation revealed heightened activation of the STING pathway triggered by cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased tubular damage and a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In summary, our findings imply a role for PM in sensitising proximal tubular epithelial cells to IRI-induced damage, suggesting a plausible association between PM exposure and heightened susceptibility to CKD in individuals experiencing AKI. Strategies aimed at reducing PM concentrations and implementing preventive measures may improve outcomes for AKI patients and mitigate the progression from AKI to CKD. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
PubMed: 38934262
DOI: 10.1002/path.6302 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2024Magnesium metal batteries (MMBs), recognized as promising contenders for post-lithium battery technologies, face challenges such as uneven magnesium (Mg) plating and...
Magnesium metal batteries (MMBs), recognized as promising contenders for post-lithium battery technologies, face challenges such as uneven magnesium (Mg) plating and stripping behaviors, leading to uncontrollable dendrite growth and irreversible structural damage. Herein, we have developed a Mg foil featuring prominently exposed (002) facets and an architecture of nanosheet arrays (termed (002)-Mg), created through a one-step acid etching method. Specifically, the prominent exposure of Mg (002) facets, known for their inherently low surface and adsorption energies with Mg atoms, not only facilitates smooth nucleation and dense deposition but also significantly mitigates side reactions on the Mg anode. Moreover, the nanosheet arrays on the surface evenly distribute the electric field and Mg ion flux, enhancing Mg ion transfer kinetics. As a result, the fabricated (002)-Mg electrodes exhibit unprecedented long-cycle performance, lasting over 6000 h (> 8 months) at a current density of 3 mA cm-2 for a capacity of 3 mAh cm-2. Furthermore, the corresponding pouch cells equipped with various electrolytes and cathodes demonstrate remarkable capacity and cycling stability, highlighting the superior electrochemical compatibility of the (002)-Mg electrode. This study provides new insights into the advancement of durable MMBs by modifying the crystal structure and morphology of Mg.
PubMed: 38934232
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407770 -
Chinese Medical Journal Jun 2024Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new generation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. This...
BACKGROUND
Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new generation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection. This study aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) profile and exposure-response relationship of ANV among people living with HIV.
METHODS
Plasma concentration-time data from phase 1 and phase 3 clinical trials of ANV were pooled for developing the PopPK model. Exposure estimates obtained from the final model were used in exposure-response analysis for virologic responses and safety responses.
RESULTS
ANV exhibited a nonlinear pharmacokinetic profile, which was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. There were no significant covariates correlated to the pharmacokinetic parameters of ANV. The PopPK parameter estimate (relative standard error [%]) for CL/F was 6.46 (15.00) L/h, and the clearance of ANV increased after multiple doses. The exposure-response model revealed no significant correlation between the virologic response (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) at 48 weeks and the exposure, but the incidence of adverse events increased with the increasing exposure( P value of steady-state trough concentration and area under the steady-state curve were 0.0177 and 0.0141, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our PopPK model supported ANV 150 mg once daily as the recommended dose for people living with HIV, requiring no dose adjustment for the studied factors. Optimization of ANV dose may be warranted in clinical practice due to an increasing trend in adverse reactions with increasing exposure.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry https://www.chictr.org.cn (Nos. ChiCTR1800018022 and ChiCTR1800019041).
PubMed: 38934053
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002917 -
China CDC Weekly Jun 2024() is a species of toxic mushroom known to induce symptoms of photosensitive dermatitis.
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?
() is a species of toxic mushroom known to induce symptoms of photosensitive dermatitis.
WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?
In the months of May and June 2023, a total of four patients in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, were affected by poisoning, occurring over two distinct incidents. The condition of two patients deteriorated after they were re-exposed to sunlight on the seventh day following the initial poisoning. Separately, an additional two patients reported experiencing a mild, needle-like sensation on areas of their skin exposed to the sun, recorded on the twelfth day subsequent to the poisoning.
WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE?
Given that symptoms of photosensitive dermatitis, a potential severe consequence of poisoning, can manifest up to a week post-sun exposure, it is advisable to avoid sunlight for a minimum of two weeks following poisoning.
PubMed: 38934025
DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.091 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2024Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in observational studies. However, whether there is a causal association between them...
BACKGROUND
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in observational studies. However, whether there is a causal association between them remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
Conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effect between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and ED risk.
METHOD
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels comprising 6,896,093 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 496,949 people of European ancestry were regarded as exposure for the MR analysis. Additional GWAS data involving 9,310,196 SNPs of 6,175 European ED cases and 217,630 controls were used as outcome data. The MR-Egger, inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were employed to evaluate causal effects, among which IVW was the primary MR analysis method. The stability of the MR analysis results was confirmed by a heterogeneity test, a horizontal pleiotropy test, and the leave-one-out method.
RESULT
There were 103 SNPs utilized as instrumental variables ( < 5 × 10). The results of MR analysis showed no causal effects of serum 25(OH) D concentration on ED risks (IVW; OR = 0.9516, 95% CI = 0.7994 to 1.1328, = 0.5772). There was no heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the statistical models.
CONCLUSION
The present MR study did not support a causal association for genetically predicted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the risk of ED in individuals of European descent.
PubMed: 38933368
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1390814 -
Fundamental Research May 2024Land public transport is an important link within and between cities, and how to control the transmission of COVID-19 in land public transport is a critical issue in our... (Review)
Review
Land public transport is an important link within and between cities, and how to control the transmission of COVID-19 in land public transport is a critical issue in our daily lives. However, there are still many inconsistent opinions and views about the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in land public transport, which limits our ability to implement effective interventions. The purpose of this review is to overview the literature on transmission characteristics and routes of the epidemic in land public transport, as well as to investigate factors affecting its spread and provide feasible measures to mitigate the infection risk of passengers. We obtained 898 papers by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, and WHO global COVID database by keywords, and finally selected 45 papers that can address the purpose of this review. Land public transport is a high outbreak area for COVID-19 due to characteristics like crowding, inadequate ventilation, long exposure time, and environmental closure. Different from surface touch transmission and drop spray transmission, aerosol inhalation transmission can occur not only in short distances but also in long distances. Insufficient ventilation is the most important factor influencing long-distance aerosol transmission. Other transmission factors (e.g., interpersonal distance, relative orientation, and ambient conditions) should be noticed as well, which have been summarized in this paper. To address various influencing factors, it is essential to suggest practical and efficient preventive measures. Among these, increased ventilation, particularly the fresh air (i.e., natural ventilation), has proven to effectively reduce indoor infection risk. Many preventive measures are also effective, such as enlarging social distance, avoiding face-to-face orientation, setting up physical partitions, disinfection, avoiding talking, and so on. As research on the epidemic has intensified, people have broken down many perceived barriers, but more comprehensive studies on monitoring systems and prevention measures in land public transport are still needed.
PubMed: 38933205
DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.013 -
Fundamental Research May 2024Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health. Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major... (Review)
Review
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exerted a profound adverse impact on human health. Studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is one of the major transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2 can survive in the air and cause widespread infection among people. Early monitoring of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere and accurate epidemic prediction are the frontier guarantee for preventing large-scale epidemic outbreaks. Monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in the air, especially in densely populated areas, may raise the possibility to detect viruses before people are widely infected and contain the epidemic at an earlier stage. The multi-scale coupled accurate epidemic prediction system can provide support for governments to analyze the epidemic situation, allocate health resources, and formulate epidemic response policies. This review first elaborates on the effects of the atmospheric environment on pathogenic microorganism transmission, which lays a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and prediction of epidemic development. Secondly, the monitoring technique development and the necessity of monitoring pathogenic microorganisms in the atmosphere are summarized and emphasized. Subsequently, this review introduces the major epidemic prediction methods and highlights the significance to realize a multi-scale coupled epidemic prediction system by strengthening the multidisciplinary cooperation of epidemiology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, sociology, demography, etc. By summarizing the achievements and challenges in monitoring and prediction of pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere, this review proposes suggestions for epidemic response, namely, the establishment of an integrated monitoring and prediction platform for pathogenic microorganism transmission in the atmosphere.
PubMed: 38933199
DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.022 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Depression is a major global health concern expected to worsen by 2030. In 2019, 28 million individuals were affected by depressive disorders. Dietary and supplemental... (Review)
Review
Depression is a major global health concern expected to worsen by 2030. In 2019, 28 million individuals were affected by depressive disorders. Dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression. B vitamins are crucial for neurological function and mood regulation. Deficiencies in these vitamins are linked to depression. Studies on individual B vitamins show promise in improving depressive symptoms, particularly thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. Vitamin C deficiency may heighten depressive symptoms, but its exact role is not fully understood. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is associated with insufficient sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation for SAD shows inconsistent results due to methodological variations. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of vitamins in depression treatment. Moreover, more research on SAD and light therapy's efficacy and underlying mechanisms involving photoreceptors, enzymes, and immune markers is needed. Although dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression, dietitians treating psychiatric disorders face challenges due to diverse study designs, making direct comparisons difficult. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature to assess the role of dietary and supplemental vitamins in the prevention and treatment of depression. This review found that, although evidence supports the role of B vitamins and vitamins C and D in preventing and treating depression, further research is needed to clarify their mechanisms of action and determine the most effective intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Seasonal Affective Disorder; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Depression; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D Deficiency; Female; Solubility
PubMed: 38931257
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121902