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Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Jul 2024Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and...
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This research was designed to measure several biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of CP-applied rats to investigate the impact of combined CUR-PP administration. The study evaluated six groups of eight rats: Group 1 was the control; Groups 2 and 3 were administered 200 or 300 mg/kg CUR-PP via oral gavage; Group 4 received only 200 mg/kg CP on day 1; Groups 5 and 6 received CP + CUR-PP for 7 days. Data from all parameters indicated that CP caused brain damage. Phosphorylated TAU (pTAU), amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), glutamate (GLU), and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) parameters were the same in Groups 4, 5, and 6. On the other hand, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the CP + CUR-PP groups were lower than those in the CP group (p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters were higher in the CP + CUR-PP groups compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). It is thought that the similarity of Groups 5 and 6 with Group 4 in Aβ1-42, pTAU, GLU, and GABA parameters hinder the determination of treatment protection however, they might have a therapeutic effect if the applied dose or study duration were changed. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of a CUR-PP combination on CP-induced brain damage in rats by measuring biochemical parameters and performing histopathological examinations. Based on the findings, this CUR-PP combination could be considered an alternative medicine option in cases with conditions similar to those evaluated in this study.
Topics: Animals; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Benzodioxoles; Curcumin; Piperidines; Alkaloids; Rats; Cyclophosphamide; Male; Brain Injuries; Rats, Wistar; Brain; Oxidative Stress; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 38953502
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23760 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Giant salamander protein peptide is a peptide with rich functional properties. Giant salamander protein peptide KGEYNK (KK-6) is a peptide with both antioxidant and...
BACKGROUND
Giant salamander protein peptide is a peptide with rich functional properties. Giant salamander protein peptide KGEYNK (KK-6) is a peptide with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of KK-6 are still unclear. When we studied the functional mechanism of KK-6, we found that the antioxidant property of KK-6 has a synergistic and promoting effect on anti-inflammatory properties.
RESULTS
KK-6 enhances cellular resistance to LPS via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to increased levels of inflammatory factors: interleukin-1β (764.81 ng mL), interleukin-6 (1.06 ng mL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (4440.45 ng mL). KK-6 demonstrates potent antioxidant properties by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, resulting in elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase: 0.03 μg mL; superoxide dismutase: 0.589 μg mL) and a reduction in the concentration of the oxidative product malondialdehyde (967.05 μg mL).
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the great potential of KK-6, a peptide extracted from giant salamander protein, as a remedy for intestinal inflammation. Through its dual role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, KK-6 offers a promising avenue for alleviating inflammation-related damage and oxidative stress. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of giant salamander products and highlights their importance in health and novel food development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
PubMed: 38953326
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13689 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2024Arsenate, a metalloid, acting as an analog to phosphate, has a tendency to accumulate more readily in plant species, leading to adverse effects.
INTRODUCTION
Arsenate, a metalloid, acting as an analog to phosphate, has a tendency to accumulate more readily in plant species, leading to adverse effects.
METHODS
In the current study, sunflower seedlings were exposed to 25, 50 and 100 ppm of the arsenic.
RESULTS
Likewise, a notable reduction (p<0.05) was observed in the relative growth rate (RGR) by 4-folds and net assimilation rate (NAR) by 75% of when subjected to arsenic (As) stress. Nevertheless, the presence of , a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with As tolerance, yielded an escalation in the growth of within As-contaminated media. facilitated the conversion of As into a form accessible to plants, thereby, increasing its uptake and subsequent accumulation in plant tissues. encouraged the enzymatic antioxidant systems (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (flavonoids, phenolics, and glutathione) in seedlings following substantial As accumulation. The strain also induced the host plant to produce osmolytes like proline and sugars, mitigating water loss and maintaining cellular osmotic balance under As-induced stress. rectified imbalances in lignin content, reduced high malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, and minimized electrolyte leakage, thus counteracting the toxic impacts of the metal.
CONCLUSION
The strain exhibited the capability to concurrently encourage plant growth and remediate Ascontaminated growth media through 2-folds rate of biotransformation and bio-mobilization.
PubMed: 38952849
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1391348 -
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2024This study assessed the cardioprotective properties of (PME) and (CME) hydro-methanolic extracts, besides aqueous extract (CWE) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced...
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the cardioprotective properties of (PME) and (CME) hydro-methanolic extracts, besides aqueous extract (CWE) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The extracts were characterized. Mice were divided into eight groups: control (saline), DOX, protected (injected with 200 mg/kg of PME, CWE or CME for 21 days, orally, and DOX), and extracts (PME, CWE or CME administration, orally, for 21 days). DOX was injected (5 mg/kg, ip) on days 8, 13 and 18 of the experiment. Cardiac tumor necrosis factor-alpha (), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 () and carbonyl reductase 1 () expression levels, besides superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and total protein levels were evaluated. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase cardiac isoenzyme, aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine levels, as well as the cardiac tissues were examined.
RESULTS
Comparing with the control, DOX considerably (p<0.01) up-regulated expression, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, cardiac enzymes, lipids and creatinine levels, while it significantly (p<0.01) down-regulated and . Additionally, DOX interfered with antioxidant enzymes' activities (p<0.01). Conversely, protected groups showed a significant (p<0.01) amelioration of DOX-induced cardiotoxic effects.
CONCLUSION
The current study provides a new understanding of and cardioprotective mechanisms The extracts' cardioprotective effects may be due to their antioxidant activities, ability to maintain the redox homeostasis through regulation of important antioxidant genes and primary antioxidant enzymes, and capability to recover inflammatory cytokines and lipids levels. Noteworthy, the tested extracts showed no toxic changes on the normal mice.
PubMed: 38952773
DOI: 10.22038/AJP.2024.24101 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2024Wound management is a critical procedure in veterinary practice. A wound is an injury that requires the body's cells' alignment to break down due to external assault,...
BACKGROUND
Wound management is a critical procedure in veterinary practice. A wound is an injury that requires the body's cells' alignment to break down due to external assault, such as trauma, burns, accidents, and diseases. Re-epithelization, extracellular matrix deposition, especially collagen, inflammatory cell infiltration, and development of new blood capillaries are the four features that are used to evaluate the healing process. Using a natural extract for wound management is preferred to avoid the side effects of synthetic drugs. The current study aimed to assess the effect of major pregnane glycoside arabincoside B (AR-B) isolated from Caralluma arabica (C. arabica) for the wound healing process.
METHOD
AR-B was loaded on a gel for wound application. Rats were randomly distributed into six groups: normal, positive control (PC), MEBO®, AR-B 0.5%, AR-B 1%, and AR-B 1.5%, to be 6 animals in each group. Wounds were initiated under anesthesia with a 1 cm diameter tissue needle, and treatments were applied daily for 14 days. The collected samples were tested for SOD, NO, and MDA. Gene expression of VEGF and Caspase-3. Histopathological evaluation was performed at two-time intervals (7 and 14 days), and immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate α -SMA, TGF-β, and TNF-α.
RESULT
It was found that AR-B treatment enhanced the wound healing process. AR-B treated groups showed reduced MDA and NO in tissue, and SOD activity was increased. Re-epithelization and extracellular matrix deposition were significantly improved, which was confirmed by the increase in TGF-β and α -SMA as well as increased collagen deposition. TNF-α was reduced, which indicated the subsiding of inflammation. VEGF and Caspase-3 expression were reduced.
CONCLUSION
Our findings confirmed the efficiency of AR-B in enhancing the process of wound healing and its potential use as a topical wound dressing in veterinary practice.
Topics: Animals; Wound Healing; Rats; Male; Apocynaceae; Bandages; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Glycosides; Pregnanes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Superoxide Dismutase; Caspase 3; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38951783
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04128-2 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jun 2024The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of depression has prompted the search for new antidepressants. Troxerutin, a bioflavonoid with anti-inflammatory and...
The role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of depression has prompted the search for new antidepressants. Troxerutin, a bioflavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has shown promise, but its impact on neurobehavioral functions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant potential of troxerutin and its effect on the neuroinflammatory response. Here, we exposed male Swiss mice (n = 5/group) to various treatments, including naive and negative controls receiving distilled water, troxerutin-treated groups administered at different doses (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.), and an imipramine-treated group (25 mg/kg, i.p.). After seven days of treatment, with the exception of the naive group, mice were administered a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.83 mg/kg). Behavioral evaluations, consisting of the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, forced swim test (FST), and open field test (OFT), were conducted. Additionally, brain samples were collected for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Troxerutin significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and mitigated behavioral deficits in the NSF test. Additionally, troxerutin increased glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels while reducing nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels compared to the negative control. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in troxerutin-treated mice. Overall, these findings suggest that troxerutin exerts significant antidepressive-like effects, likely mediated by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The reduction in neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, along with the improvement in behavioral outcomes, underscores troxerutin's potential as a therapeutic agent for depression.
PubMed: 38951153
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03252-y -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jul 2024Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in damage to the neurons and leads to cognitive impairments. Berberine (BBR) is known for its neuroprotective qualities. This...
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) results in damage to the neurons and leads to cognitive impairments. Berberine (BBR) is known for its neuroprotective qualities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BBR on memory, Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, biochemical factors, and neuronal structure. Sixty-three adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into Sham (21), GCI (21), and GCI + BBR (21) groups. The GCI + BBR group received 50 mg/kg of BBR for 7 days before and 6 h after 20 min of GCI induction. After 24 h, assessments included hippocampal neuronal structure, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels, memory performance, and BBB permeability. The GCI + BBR group reduced volume loss in the CA1 and its sublayers (oriens, pyramidal, and radiatum) compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the GCI + BBR group showed higher pyramidal neuron density (p < 0.0001) and number (p < 0.0001) compared to the GCI group. BBR also decreased MDA levels (p < 0.0001) and increased CAT activity (p < 0.0001) in the GCI + BBR group compared to the GCI group, with GPX and SOD activity approaching Sham levels (p < 0.0001, both). BBR demonstrated significant improvements in short and long-term memory compared to the GCI group (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, BBB permeability in the GCI + BBR group was significantly reduced compared to the GCI group (p < 0.0001). These findings demonstrated BBR's potential to protect the neurons in the CA1 and BBB structures, enhance antioxidant activity, and alleviate GCI-induced memory impairments.
PubMed: 38950958
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8234 -
Neurochemistry International Jun 2024Alumunium usage and toxicity has been a global concern especially an increased use of nanoparticulated aluminum (Al-NPs) products from the environment and the workplace....
Naringenin Mitigates Nanoparticulate-Aluminium Induced Neuronal Degeneration in Brain Cortex and Hippocampus through Downregulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation.
Alumunium usage and toxicity has been a global concern especially an increased use of nanoparticulated aluminum (Al-NPs) products from the environment and the workplace. Al degrades in to nanoparticulate form in the environment due to the routine process of bioremediation in human body. Al-NPs toxicity plays key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration which is characterised by the development of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques which correlates to the Alzheimer's disease. This study evaluated the Al-NPs induced neurodegeneration and causative behavioral alterations due to oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, β-amyloid aggregation, and histopathological changes in mice. Furthermore, the preventive effect of naringenin (NAR) as a potent neuroprotective flavonoid against Al-NPs induced neurodegeneration was assessed. Al-NPs were synthesized and examined using FTIR, XRD, TEM, and particle size analyzer. Mice were orally administered with Al-NPs (6 mg/kg b.w.) followed by NAR treatment (10 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 66 days. The spatial working memory was determined by novel object recognition, T-maze, Y-maze, and Morris Water Maze tests. We measured nitric oxide, advanced oxidation of protein products, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione, and acetylcholine esterase, as well as cytokines analysis, immunohistochemistry, and DNA damage. Al-NPs significantly reduced the learning memory power, increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzymatic activity, increased DNA damage, altered the levels of cytokines, and increased β-amyloid aggregation in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the mice brain. These neurobehavioral impairments, neuronal oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations were significantly attenuated by NAR supplementation. In conclusion, Al-NPs may be potent neurotoxic upon exposure and that NAR could serve as a potential preventive measure in the treatment and management of neuronal degeneration.
PubMed: 38950625
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105799 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jul 2024Peanut southern blight, caused by the soil-borne pathogen , is a widespread and devastating epidemic. Frequently, it is laborious to effectively control by...
Peanut southern blight, caused by the soil-borne pathogen , is a widespread and devastating epidemic. Frequently, it is laborious to effectively control by labor-intensive foliar sprays of agrochemicals due to untimely find. In the present study, seed treatment with physcion (PHY) at doses of 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 g AI kg seed significantly improved the growth and photosynthetic activity of peanuts. Furthermore, PHY seed treatment resulted in an elevated enzymatic activity of key enzymes in peanut roots, including peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, lipoxygenase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, as well as an increase in callus accumulation and lignin synthesis at the infection site, ultimately enhancing the root activity. This study revealed that PHY seed treatment could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) in peanut roots, while also decreasing the content of malondialdehyde levels in response to infection. The results were further confirmed by transcriptome data and metabolomics. These findings suggest that PHY seed treatment activates the plant defense pathways mediated by SA and JA/ET in peanut roots, enhancing the resistance of peanut plants to . In short, PHY is expected to be developed into a new plant-derived immunostimulant or fungicide to increase the options and means for peanut disease control.
PubMed: 38950526
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02519 -
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology Jul 2024Recently, kafirins from white sorghum [ (L) Moench] grain have shown promise as a source of biopeptides with anti-skin aging effects (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and...
Recently, kafirins from white sorghum [ (L) Moench] grain have shown promise as a source of biopeptides with anti-skin aging effects (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of photoaging-associated enzymes). This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis of kafirins (KAF) for the production of peptides with anti-skin aging properties. The optimization of conditions (reaction time and enzyme/substrate ratio) for liquefaction with α-amylase and hydrolysis of KAF with alcalase was performed using 3 complete factorial designs. Subsequently, ultrafiltered peptide extracts were obtained with molecular weights of 1-3 kDa (KAF-UF) and lower than 1 kDa (KAF-UF), which mainly contain hydrophobic amino acids (proline, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and valine) and peptide fractions with molecular weights of 0.69, 1.14, and 1.87 kDa. Consequently, the peptide extracts protected immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) from ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced damage by preventing the decrease and/or restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)]. Furthermore, KAF-UF and KAF-UF inhibited (20-29%) elastase and collagenase overactivity in UVB-exposed murine fibroblasts (3T3 cells). Thus, KAF-UF and KAF-UF exhibited behavior similar to that observed with glutathione (GSH), suggesting their potential as functional peptide ingredients in skincare products.
PubMed: 38949113
DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2366994