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Journal of Vector Borne Diseases Apr 2024The range of Aedes albopictus, the most important vector mosquito in Western Eurasia is growing due to climate change. However, it is not known how it will influence the...
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES
The range of Aedes albopictus, the most important vector mosquito in Western Eurasia is growing due to climate change. However, it is not known how it will influence the habitats occupied by the species and its environmental fitness within its future range.
METHODS
To study this question, the habitat characteristic of the mosquito was investigated for 2081-2100.
RESULTS
The models suggest a notable future spread of the mosquito in the direction of Northern Europe and the parallel northward and westward shift of the southern and eastern potential occurrences of the mosquito. The models suggest a notable increase in generation numbers in the warmest quarter, which can reach 4-5 generations in the peri-Mediterranean region. However, both the joint survival rate of larvae and pupae and the number of survival days of adults in the warmest quarter exhibit decreasing values, as does the potential disappearance of the mosquito in the southern regions of Europe and Asia Minor, along with the growing atmospheric CO2 concentration-based scenarios.
INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION
While in 1970-2000 Aedes albopictus mainly occupied the hot and warm summer temperate regions of Europe, the species will inhabit dominantly the cool summer temperate (oceanic) and the humid continental climate territories of North and North-Eastern Europe in 2081-2100.
PubMed: 38922659
DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_143_23 -
Clinical & Translational Oncology :... Jun 2024This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after... (Review)
Review
Safety and efficacy of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer patients following immune-related adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after experiencing immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify studies investigating the safety and efficacy of restarting ICIs in NSCLC patients after irAEs. Outcome measures, including objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) after ICI restarting, were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using the R meta-package.
RESULTS
Four studies involving a total of 326 subjects were included, comprising 137 patients who restarted ICI treatment after irAEs and 189 patients who did not restart ICI treatment. The results revealed that ICI restarting was associated with an increased ORR (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.49-3.84), prolonged PFS (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.86), and prolonged OS (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.99) compared to non-restarting. The incidence of irAEs after ICI restarting was 45% (95% CI 0.27-0.63).
CONCLUSION
Restarting ICI treatment after discontinuation due to previous irAEs appears to be a reasonable option for NSCLC patients. However, a comprehensive assessment of the potential benefits and risks to individual patients is crucial, and close monitoring of irAEs is warranted.
PubMed: 38922538
DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03529-x -
PharmacoEconomics Jun 2024Most type 2 diabetes simulation models utilise equations mapping out lifetime trajectories of risk factors [e.g. glycated haemoglobin (HbA)]. Existing equations, using...
OBJECTIVES
Most type 2 diabetes simulation models utilise equations mapping out lifetime trajectories of risk factors [e.g. glycated haemoglobin (HbA)]. Existing equations, using historic data or assuming constant risk factors, frequently underestimate or overestimate complication rates. Updated risk factor time path equations are needed for simulation models to more accurately predict complication rates.
AIMS
(1) Update United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model (UKPDS-OM2) risk factor time path equations; (2) compare quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using original and updated equations; and (3) compare QALY gains for reference case simulations using different risk factor equations.
METHODS
Using pooled contemporary data from two randomised trials EXSCEL and TECOS (n = 28,608), we estimated: dynamic panel models of seven continuous risk factors (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA, haemoglobin, heart rate, blood pressure and body mass index); two-step models of estimated glomerular filtration rate; and survival analyses of peripheral arterial disease, atrial fibrillation and albuminuria. UKPDS-OM2-derived lifetime QALYs were extrapolated over 70 years using historical and the new risk factor equations.
RESULTS
All new risk factor equation predictions were within 95% confidence intervals of observed values, displaying good agreement between observed and estimated values. Historical risk factor time path equations predicted trial participants would accrue 9.84 QALYs, increasing to 10.98 QALYs using contemporary equations.
DISCUSSION
Incorporating updated risk factor time path equations into diabetes simulation models could give more accurate predictions of long-term health, costs, QALYs and cost-effectiveness estimates, as well as a more precise understanding of the impact of diabetes on patients' health, expenditure and quality of life.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01144338 and NCT00790205.
PubMed: 38922488
DOI: 10.1007/s40273-024-01398-4 -
Archives of Environmental Contamination... Jun 2024Environmental stressors in aquatic organisms can be assessed using a bioenergetic approach based on the evaluation of changes in their physiological parameters. We...
Environmental stressors in aquatic organisms can be assessed using a bioenergetic approach based on the evaluation of changes in their physiological parameters. We evaluated the chronic effects of cadmium (Cd) on the energy balance as well as the survival, growth, metabolism, nitrogen excretion, hepatosomatic index, oxidized energy substrate, and osmoregulation of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei with the hypothesis that the high energy demand related to the homeostatic regulation of Cdcould disrupt the energy balance and as a consequence, their physiological functions. The shrimp exposed to Cd had higher mortality (30%), directed more energy into growth (33% of energy intake), ingested 10% more energy, and defecated less than control animals. Cd exposure caused a tendency to decrease metabolism and ammonia excretion but did not alter the hepatosomatic index, type of energy substrate oxidized, and the hyperosmorregulatory pattern of the species. The Cd exposure may have induced a trade-off response because there was a growth rate increase accompanied by increased mortality.
PubMed: 38922419
DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01074-w -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Jun 2024Lenvatinib, a potent multi-kinase inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC);...
PURPOSE
Lenvatinib, a potent multi-kinase inhibitor, improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, most patients experience disease progression, warranting further therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (LP) in these patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We enrolled patients with progressive, RAI-refractory DTC that were either naïve to multi-kinase inhibitors (cohort 1) or who had progressed on lenvatinib (cohort 2). Patients received oral lenvatinib daily (cohort 1, 20 mg; cohort 2, dose at progression ) and intravenous pembrolizumab (200 mg) every 21 days.
RESULTS
30 and 27 patients were enrolled in cohort 1 and 2, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with those observed in other cancers. In cohort 1, the confirmed overall response rate (ORR) was 65.5%. There were no complete responses (CR, primary endpoint). The 12 and 18-month PFS were 72.0% and 58.0%, respectively, and median PFS was 26.8 months. In cohort 2, the confirmed ORR was 16% (primary endpoint), and median PFS was 10.0 months (95% CI; 7.0-17.9 months). Tumor histology, driver mutations, and immune-related biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression, thyroid-specific antibody levels, and CD8+ T cell tumor infiltrate, did not correlate with response to therapy. Increased baseline peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were associated with a worse PFS in cohort 1.
CONCLUSIONS
Combination lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab may enhance the durability of lenvatinib monotherapy in lenvatinib-naïve patients. Furthermore, the addition of pembrolizumab may be a viable salvage therapy for patients who have progressed on lenvatinib.
PubMed: 38922338
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-3417 -
Cancer Investigation Jun 2024This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of prophylactic post-chemotherapy granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).... (Review)
Review
This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of prophylactic post-chemotherapy granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Overall, the relapse rate, overall survival, event-free survival, and mortality rate were similar in G-CSF (+) compared to G-CSF (-) patients. However, the relative risk (RR) of relapse was higher in children and in secondary AML patients who were treated with G-CSF compared to the G-CSF (-) group [RR, 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 1.04-1.52, and 1.12 (1.02-1.24)]. Treatment with post-chemotherapy G-CSF should be prescribed with caution in pediatric patients with AML and secondary AML as possibly increasing the relapse risk.
PubMed: 38922312
DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2352454 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2024Heart failure (HF) contributes to a high burden of hospitalization, and its form of presentation is associated with disease prognosis.
BACKGROUND
Heart failure (HF) contributes to a high burden of hospitalization, and its form of presentation is associated with disease prognosis.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the association of hemodynamic profile of acute HF patients at hospital admission, based on congestion (wet/dry) and perfusion (cold/warm), with mortality, hospital length of stay and risk of readmission.
METHODS
Cohort study, with patients participating in the "Best Practice in Cardiology" program, admitted for acute HF in Brazilian public hospitals between March 2016 and December 2019, with a six-month follow-up. Characteristics of the population and hemodynamic profile at admission were analyzed, in addition to survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard model for associations between hemodynamic profile at admission and mortality, and logistic regression for the risk of rehospitalization, using a statistical significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
A total of 1,978 patients were assessed, with mean age of 60.2 (±14.8) years and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 39.8% (±17.3%). A high six-month mortality rate (22%) was observed, with an association of cold hemodynamic profiles with in-hospital mortality (HR=1.72, 95%CI 1.27-2.31; p < 0.001) and six-month mortality (HR= 1.61, 95%CI 1.29-2.02). Six-month rehospitalization rate was 22%, and higher among patients with wet profiles (OR 2.30; 95%CI 1.45-3.65; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Acute HF is associated with high mortality and rehospitalization rates. Patient hemodynamic profile at admission is a good prognostic marker of this condition.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Brazil; Hemodynamics; Aged; Hospital Mortality; Acute Disease; Patient Readmission; Length of Stay; Prognosis; Hospitalization; Risk Factors; Cohort Studies; Patient Admission
PubMed: 38922272
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230699 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease May 2024snails surviving drought play a key role in the seasonal transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis, although our knowledge of their adaptation to dry season is still...
snails surviving drought play a key role in the seasonal transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis, although our knowledge of their adaptation to dry season is still limited. We investigated the survival dynamic and infestation by the of snails during the dry and rainy seasons in a single pond in an area of seasonal schistosomiasis transmission in Senegal. During the rainy season, 98 (94.23%) and six (5.76%) were collected, respectively. In the dry season, outnumbered , but all five (100%) collected were viable and alive after the interruption of aestivation by immersion in water, while only 7 of 24 (29.16%) collected emerged from their dormant state. The rate of infestation with during the rainy season was 18.2% (19/104), while all the viable snails collected during the dry season were negative. and have different seasonal dynamics with no evidence of maintaining infestation during the drought. Further studies including more survey sites and taking account both snails biology and ecological conditions are needed to better understand snail adaptation to seasonal changes and their ability to maintain infestation during drought.
PubMed: 38922033
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9060121 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jun 2024The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized the field of dentistry, enabling the precise fabrication of dental implants. By utilizing 3D...
BACKGROUND
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized the field of dentistry, enabling the precise fabrication of dental implants. By utilizing 3D printing, dentists can devise implant plans prior to surgery and accurately translate them into clinical procedures, thereby eliminating the need for multiple surgical procedures, reducing surgical discomfort, and enhancing surgical efficiency. Furthermore, the utilization of digital 3D-printed implant guides facilitates immediate restoration by precisely translating preoperative implant design plans, enabling the preparation of temporary restorations preoperatively.
METHODS
This comprehensive study aimed to assess the postoperative oral health status of patients receiving personalized 3D-printed implants and investigate the advantages and disadvantages between the 3D-printed implant and conventional protocol. Additionally, variance analysis was employed to delve into the correlation between periodontal status and overall oral health. Comparisons of continuous paired parameters were made by -test.
RESULTS
The results of our study indicate a commendable one-year survival rate of over 94% for 3D-printed implants. This finding was corroborated by periodontal examinations and follow-up surveys using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire, revealing excellent postoperative oral health status among patients. Notably, OHIP-14 scores were significantly higher in patients with suboptimal periodontal health, suggesting a strong link between periodontal health and overall oral well-being. Moreover, we found that the operating time (14.41 ± 4.64 min) was less statistically significant than for the control group (31.76 ± 6.83 min).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, personalized 3D-printed implant surgery has emerged as a reliable clinical option, offering a viable alternative to traditional implant methods. However, it is imperative to gather further evidence-based medical support through extended follow-up studies to validate its long-term efficacy and safety.
PubMed: 38921530
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060156 -
Clinics and Practice May 2024Osteosarcomas of the jaw (OSJs) are rare tumors with distinct characteristics from osteosarcomas affecting other bones. This study aims to analyze the clinical,...
INTRODUCTION
Osteosarcomas of the jaw (OSJs) are rare tumors with distinct characteristics from osteosarcomas affecting other bones. This study aims to analyze the clinical, pathological, and therapeutic characteristics of OSJs.
METHODS
A retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with OSJ registered at the "La Paz" University Hospital, Madrid, was performed.
RESULTS
Data of eight patients with a diagnosis of OSJ were obtained during the study period of 22 years (2002-2024). The mean age of the patients was 41 years. The distribution was 1:1 between the maxilla and mandible. Painful inflammation was the most frequent clinical manifestation. Conventional osteoblastic osteosarcoma was the most predominant histological type. Survival rate at 5 years was 50%, which decreased to 25% at 10 years.
CONCLUSIONS
OSJs differ from conventional osteosarcomas of long tubular bones. Surgery continues to be the mainstay of treatment. However, more studies are needed through which more standardized protocols can be proposed for adjuvant therapeutic management.
PubMed: 38921255
DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030077