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BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of tuberous vas deferens tuberculosis (VD TB) and improve the positive diagnostic rate of VD...
BACKGROUND
To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of tuberous vas deferens tuberculosis (VD TB) and improve the positive diagnostic rate of VD TB.
METHODS
CEUS and routine ultrasound (US) images of 17 patients with tuberous VD TB confirmed by surgery, pathology, or laboratory semen examination were retrospectively analyzed and summarized, and the positive rates of both imaging techniques were compared.
RESULTS
The 19 VD lesions of the 17 patients were divided into two types according to the CEUS findings: Type I and Type II, and type II was divided into Types IIa, IIb, and IIc. Of the nodules with transverse diameters > 1 cm, 100% presented as type II. Of the nodules with transverse diameters < 1 cm, 37.5% (3/8) presented as type I and 62.5% (5/8) presented as type II. The sonographic manifestations of tuberous VD TB were hypoechoic and mixed echoic. The positive diagnostic rate was 89.5% for CEUS and 68.4% for US, but the difference was not significant (χ = 2.533; P = 0.111).
CONCLUSIONS
CEUS was able to show the blood supply characteristics of tuberous VD TB, the internal necrosis of nodules was more easily observed by CEUS than by routine US, which is helpful for the diagnosis of tuberous VD TB.
Topics: Male; Humans; Vas Deferens; Retrospective Studies; Contrast Media; Ultrasonography; Necrosis
PubMed: 38166757
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08886-6 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Apr 2024This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. The female section covers pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) primarily caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Unusual causes such as actinomycosis and tuberculosis have also been explored. The male section delves into infections affecting the vas deferens, epididymis, testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Uncommon causes such as tuberculosis, and Zinner syndrome have also been discussed. In addition, this review highlights other conditions that mimic male genital tract infections such as vasculitis, IgG4-related diseases, and sarcoidosis. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these inflammatory diseases are essential for preventing serious complications and infertility. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography play a crucial role in diagnosis. Understanding the diverse etiologies and imaging findings is vital for the effective management of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Genitalia; Uterus; Prostate; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38165529
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01518-8 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Feb 2024The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common causative gene attributed to congenital obstructive azoospermia (OA). The aim of this...
PURPOSE
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common causative gene attributed to congenital obstructive azoospermia (OA). The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey of congenital OA patients, to screen for CFTR mutations, and to follow their pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART).
METHODS
This cohort study enrolled congenital OA patients undergoing ART and whole-exome sequencing from January 2018 to September 2023. Semen parameters, sex hormones, and seminal plasma biochemistry were evaluated. CFTR mutations identified in OA patients were analyzed. In addition, the laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes were compared between OA patients carrying two CFTR mutations and the others after surgical sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.
RESULTS
A total of 76 patients with congenital OA were enrolled. CFTR mutations were identified in 35 (46.1%) congenital OA patients. A total of 60 CFTR mutation sites of 27 types were identified, and 10 of them were novel. The average frequency was 1.71 (60/35) per person. The most common mutation was c.1210-11T > G (25%, 15/60). After ICSI treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes between OA patients carrying two CFTR mutations (n = 25) and other OA patients (n = 51).
CONCLUSION
Apart from the IVS9-5T mutation, the genetic mutation pattern of CFTR in Chinese OA patients is heterogeneous, which is significantly different from that of Caucasians. Although carrying two CFTR mutations or not had no effect on the pregnancy outcomes in OA patients after ICSI, genetic counseling is still recommended for such patients.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Male; Azoospermia; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Cohort Studies; Semen; Mutation; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; China; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 38114870
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03004-6 -
Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry Feb 20246-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat and human vas deferens and is considered a major mediator of both tissues contractility. The contractions induced by 6-ND are...
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat and human vas deferens and is considered a major mediator of both tissues contractility. The contractions induced by 6-ND are selectively blocked by both tricyclic antidepressants and α-adrenoceptor antagonists. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the major isoform responsible for 6-ND release in mouse isolated heart, however the origin of 6-ND in the vas deferens is unknown. Here it was investigated by LC-MS/MS the basal release of 6-ND from isolated vas deferens obtained from control, eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS mice. In addition, it was evaluated in vitro vas deferens contractility following electric field stimulation (EFS). Basal release of 6-ND was significantly reduced in nNOS mice compared to control mice, but not decreased when the vas deferens were obtained from either eNOS or iNOS mice. Pre-incubation of the vas deferens with tetrodotoxin (1 μM) significantly reduced the basal release of 6-ND from control, eNOS, and iNOS mice but had no effect on the basal release of 6-ND from nNOS mice. EFS-induced frequency-dependent contractions of the vas deferens, which were significantly reduced when the tissues obtained from control, eNOS and iNOS mice, were pre-incubated with l-NAME, but unaltered when the vas deferens was obtained from nNOS mice. In addition, the EFS-induced contractions were significantly smaller when the vas deferens were obtained from nNOS mice. The results clearly demonstrate that nNOS is the main NO isoform responsible for 6-ND release in mouse vas deferens and reinforces the concept of 6-ND as a major modulator of vas deferens contractility.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Mice; Rats; Chromatography, Liquid; Dopamine; Muscle Contraction; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Norepinephrine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vas Deferens
PubMed: 38096948
DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.12.002 -
Urology Annals 2023Inflammation of the vas deferens or what known as acute vasitis is an under-reported condition that usually presents with scrotal or inguinal pain and swelling which can...
Inflammation of the vas deferens or what known as acute vasitis is an under-reported condition that usually presents with scrotal or inguinal pain and swelling which can be misdiagnosed and treated as many other conditions. Here, we present one of the first cases to be reported in the literature with bilateral manifestation. A 28-year-old male patient presented complaining of bilateral testicular and inguinal pain associated with inguinal swelling for 3 days. Initially, the patient was being evaluated as a case of incarcerated bilateral inguinal hernia, but with the aid of radiological imaging, the patient was diagnosed correctly and the unnecessary surgical intervention was prevented.
PubMed: 38074184
DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_104_22 -
Animal Reproduction Science Jan 2024The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma (SP) during the cooling at 5 °C of alpaca spermatozoa...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma (SP) during the cooling at 5 °C of alpaca spermatozoa from vas deferens. Fifteen pools of sperm from vas deferens were evaluated and then divided into four aliquots that were diluted to a final concentration of 30 × 10 sperm/ml with either: (1) Tris with 20% egg yolk (T-EY) (control, 0% SP), (2) T-EY with 10% SP, (3) T-EY with 25% SP, and (4) T-EY with 50% SP. Samples were cooled at 5 °C and the following sperm parameters were evaluated after 24 and 48 h of storage: motility, viability, membrane function, acrosome integrity, morphology, and chromatin condensation. Motility was also evaluated after 72 h of storage. A significant decrease in progressive and total sperm motility was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP with respect to all diluted samples, while these parameters were preserved in samples cooled with 0%, 10%, and 25% SP. The percentages of sperm viability, normal morphology, and highly condensed chromatin did not change after the cooling process and were similar between cooled samples. Although a significant decrease was observed in the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membranes and with an intact acrosome in all refrigerated samples compared to raw sperm, the greatest decrease was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP. No advantage was observed from the addition of SP to alpaca spermatozoa obtained from vas deferens and being cooled. In addition, to preserve the sperm motility of cooled samples for up to 72 h, it should be recommended to include a 10% SP in the extender.
Topics: Male; Animals; Semen; Camelids, New World; Sperm Motility; Semen Preservation; Spermatozoa; Chromatin
PubMed: 38061197
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107383 -
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Mar 2024Although the usage of nanoparticles has expanded substantially in recent years, and it causes the detrimental effect on the various organs. CuNPs are widely used in...
Although the usage of nanoparticles has expanded substantially in recent years, and it causes the detrimental effect on the various organs. CuNPs are widely used in commercial applications. There has been minimal investigation into the possibly harmful effects of CuNPs on the accessory reproductive organs. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of CuNPs on the male reproductive organs like epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate of mice. The mice were exposed orally to CuNPs at three doses 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 70 days. Our results showed that the organs index of only vas deferens and prostate reduced at 200 mg/kg group compared to the control. However, the histological study showed degenerative changes in the epididymis at higher doses like distortion in the tubules. The sperm parameters were also decreased in the 200 mg/kg CuNPs group. The vas deferens in 100 and 200 mg/kg treatment groups exhibited detachment of luminal epithelium and with a few or no spermatozoa in the higher dose group. The seminal vesicle and prostate also showed degenerative changes like atrophy, hyperplasia, and scant secretary materials. Furthermore, CuNPs also increased the oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzymes in vas deferens and seminal vesicles at higher dose. Caput epididymis showed decreased GPx enzymes in all the groups. However, MDA and GPx in corpus, cauda, and prostate did not show any significant variations among all the groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that CuNPs can manifest the detrimental effect of the male accessory organs and epididymis in a dose and tissue dependent manner. Since, detrimental effects were observed only at higher dose, thus, uses of CuNPs would be safe for reproductive organs at lower dose, even for the prolonged duration.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Epididymis; Copper; Semen; Vas Deferens; Prostate
PubMed: 38047873
DOI: 10.1002/jez.2768 -
Central European Journal of Urology 2023The authors in this paper discuss a rare disease entity that can cause testicular pain and mimic varicocele. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The authors in this paper discuss a rare disease entity that can cause testicular pain and mimic varicocele.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Citing data from a review of the world literature, spermatic cord thrombosis is most often misdiagnosed as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. Patients usually complain of pain and swelling of the testicle, pain in the inguinal region, and sometimes a palpable mass in the inguinal region.
RESULTS
Ultrasonography with colour Doppler usually establishes the correct diagnosis. Currently, there are no official recommendations for the treatment of this disease.There are reports of conservative treatment of spermatic cord thrombosis in the world literature. However, it seems that the gold standard of management remains surgical exploration, which allows us to unequivocally establish the correct diagnosis. In cases of co-morbid thrombosis with spermatic cord varicocelectomy is recommended.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the rarity of this disease, the topic of this article was undertaken. The paper reviews the world literature relating to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease entity. Our own algorithm for the management of spermatic cord thrombosis is proposed.
PubMed: 38045772
DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2023.13 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Feb 2024
Topics: Male; Humans; Vas Deferens; Urethra; Fistula; Urinary Bladder; Pelvis
PubMed: 38042660
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.11.052 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jun 2024The endocannabinoid system and prostaglandins are important modulators in the genitourinary system. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the...
Interaction of endocannabinoid system and cyclooxygenase metabolites with fatty acid amide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase enzyme activities on contractile responses in rat vas deferens tissue.
The endocannabinoid system and prostaglandins are important modulators in the genitourinary system. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between the endocannabinoid system and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway on rat vas deferens. For this purpose, the concentration responses of the endocannabinoid anandamide, prostaglandin F analog latanoprost, and prostaglandin E analog misoprostol on the electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractile responses were obtained. The concentration responses to anandamide were obtained again in the presence of nonselective COX inhibitor flurbiprofen and prostaglandin analogs, while the concentration responses of latanoprost and misoprostol were obtained in the presence of cannabinoid receptor antagonists and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor URB597. FAAH, COX-1, and COX-2 enzyme levels in vas deferens tissue samples were also determined. The cumulative addition of anandamide was not different from the vehicle; however, the EFS-induced contractile responses were significantly increased with the incubation of latanoprost or flurbiprofen in the prostatic portion. Flurbiprofen and misoprostol decreased FAAH enzyme levels in both portions of the vas deferens, while latanoprost induced the inhibition in the prostatic portion. The cumulative administration of latanoprost and misoprostol significantly enhanced the contractile responses in the prostatic portion. This effect of latanoprost was significantly antagonized by URB597 and AM251. The enhancing effect of misoprostol was antagonized by anandamide, URB597, AM251, and AM630. Anandamide, AM251, AM630, and URB597 decreased enzyme levels of COX-1 and COX-2 in both portions of the vas deferens. These results demonstrate an intricate crosstalk between endocannabinoids and prostaglandins in modulation of the vas deferens contractility.
Topics: Male; Animals; Vas Deferens; Amidohydrolases; Endocannabinoids; Muscle Contraction; Cyclooxygenase 1; Rats, Wistar; Cyclooxygenase 2; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Benzamides; Arachidonic Acids; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Rats; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Carbamates; Misoprostol; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 38032490
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02861-3