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International Dental Journal Mar 2024Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain...
OBJECTIVE
Psychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association may be significant in planning preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association amongst academic stress, periodontal health, and salivary cortisol and nitrite and nitrate levels in a sample of university students.
METHODS
Participants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Full Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -0.07; P = .012; CI, -0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, -4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, -7.32 to 0.86).
CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.
PubMed: 38538383
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.02.003 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Mar 2024There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp.,... (Review)
Review
There is growing evidence that altered microbiota abundance of a range of specific anaerobic bacteria are associated with cancer, including spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp spp and spp. linked to multiple cancer types. In this review we explore these pathogenic associations. The mechanisms by which bacteria are known or predicted to interact with human cells are reviewed and we present an overview of the interlinked mechanisms and hypotheses of how multiple intracellular anaerobic bacterial pathogens may act together to cause host cell and tissue microenvironment changes associated with carcinogenesis and cancer cell invasion. These include combined effects on changes in cell signalling, DNA damage, cellular metabolism and immune evasion. Strategies for early detection and eradication of anaerobic cancer-associated bacterial pathogens that may prevent cancer progression are proposed.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Carcinogenesis; Immune Evasion; Porphyromonas; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38535967
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001817 -
Environment International Apr 2024Environmental toxicants (ETs) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Here we hypothesized that exposures to ETs are linked with obesity and insulin resistance...
Environmental toxicants (ETs) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Here we hypothesized that exposures to ETs are linked with obesity and insulin resistance partly through a dysbiotic gut microbiota and changes in the serum levels of secondary bile acids (BAs). Serum BAs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and additional twenty-seven ETs were measured by mass spectrometry in 264 Danes (121 men and 143 women, aged 56.6 ± 7.3 years, BMI 29.7 ± 6.0 kg/m) using a combination of targeted and suspect screening approaches. Bacterial species were identified based on whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS) of DNA extracted from stool samples. Personalized genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) of gut microbial communities were developed to elucidate regulation of BA pathways. Subsequently, we compared findings from the human study with metabolic implications of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in PPARα-humanized mice. Serum levels of twelve ETs were associated with obesity and insulin resistance. High chemical exposure was associated with increased abundance of several bacterial species (spp.) of genus (Anaerotruncus, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Dorea, Eubacterium, Escherichia, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Subdoligranulum, and Veillonella), particularly in men. Conversely, females in the higher exposure group, showed a decrease abundance of Prevotella copri. High concentrations of ETs were correlated with increased levels of secondary BAs including lithocholic acid (LCA), and decreased levels of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In silico causal inference analyses suggested that microbiome-derived secondary BAs may act as mediators between ETs and obesity or insulin resistance. Furthermore, these findings were substantiated by the outcome of the murine exposure study. Our combined epidemiological and mechanistic studies suggest that multiple ETs may play a role in the etiology of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may arise from disruptions in the microbial biosynthesis of secondary BAs.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Dysbiosis; Environmental Pollutants; Animals; Environmental Exposure; Mice; Bile Acids and Salts; Aged
PubMed: 38522229
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108569 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Apr 2024Intestinal fibrosis is a long-term complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Changes in microbial populations have been linked with the onset of fibrosis and...
Intestinal fibrosis is a long-term complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Changes in microbial populations have been linked with the onset of fibrosis and some food additives are known to promote intestinal inflammation facilitating fibrosis induction. In this study, we investigated how polysorbate 80, sucralose, titanium dioxide, sodium nitrite and maltodextrin affect the gut microbiota and the metabolic activity in healthy and IBD donors (patients in remission and with a flare of IBD). The Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) with a static (batch) configuration was used to evaluate the effects of food additives on the human intestinal microbiota. Polysorbate 80 and sucralose decreased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Both compounds, also increased bacterial species positively correlated with intestinal inflammation and fibrosis (i.e.: Enterococcus, Veillonella and Mucispirillum schaedleri), especially in donors in remission of IBD. Additionally, polysorbate 80 induced a lower activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the three groups of donors, which can affect the intestinal homeostasis. Maltodextrin, despite increasing short-chain fatty acids production, promoted the growth of Ruminococcus genus, correlated with higher risk of fibrosis, and decreased Oscillospira which is negatively associated with fibrosis. Our findings unveil crucial insights into the potential deleterious effects of polysorbate 80, sucralose and maltodextrin on human gut microbiota in healthy and, to a greater extent, in IBD patients.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fermentation; Food Additives; Ecosystem; Polysorbates; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Fibrosis; Inflammation
PubMed: 38519184
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114157 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty human salivary and supragingival plaque samples were collected. They were characterized into four groups: patients with rampant caries with Sjogren's syndrome (RC-SS) or high-sugar diet (RC-HD), common dental caries (DC), and healthy individuals (HP). The 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the bacterial DNA was detected by Illumina sequencing. PCoA based on OTU with Bray-Curtis algorithm, the abundance of each level, LEfSe analysis, network analysis, and PICRUSt analysis were carried out between the four groups and two sample types. Clinical and demographic data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, depending on the normality of the data, using GraphPad Prism 8 (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
OTU principal component analysis revealed a significant difference between healthy individuals and those with RC-SS. In the saliva of patients with rampant caries, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased significantly at the phylum level. Further, Streptocpccus, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Dialister increased, while Neisseria and Haemophilus decreased at the genus level. Veillonella increased in the plaque samples of patients with rampant caries.
CONCLUSION
Both salivary and dental plaque composition were significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with rampant caries. This study provides a microbiological basis for exploring the etiology of rampant caries.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides basic information on the flora of the oral cavity in adults with rampant caries in China. These findings could serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dental Caries; Sjogren's Syndrome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Saliva; Bacteria; Microbiota; Sugars; Diet
PubMed: 38515087
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04150-8 -
Physiological Reports Mar 2024Hypertension (HTN) is common among athletes and the most recent epidemiologic data reports that cardiovascular (CV) sudden death is significantly greater in African...
Hypertension (HTN) is common among athletes and the most recent epidemiologic data reports that cardiovascular (CV) sudden death is significantly greater in African Americans (AAs). Gut microbial dysbiosis (a poorly diverse stool microbial profile) has been associated with HTN in sedentary people but microbial characteristics of athletes with HTN are unknown. Our purpose was to differentiate microbiome characteristics associated with BP status in AA collegiate athletes. Thirty AA collegiate athletes were stratified by normal BP (systolic BP (SBP) ≤130 mmHg; n = 15) and HTN (SBP ≥130 mmHg; n = 15). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on stool samples to identify microbes at the genus level. We did not observe any significant differences in alpha diversity, but beta diversity was different between groups. Principal coordinate analysis was significantly different (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05, R = 0.235) between groups. Spearman rank correlations showed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between systolic BP and abundances for Adlercreutzia (R = 0.64), Coprococcus (R = 0.49), Granulicatella (R = 0.63), and Veillonella (R = 0.41). Gut microbial characteristics were associated with differentially abundant microbial genus' and BP status. These results will direct future studies to define the functions of these microbes associated with BP in athletes.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pilot Projects; Black or African American; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Hypertension; Athletes
PubMed: 38514894
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15982 -
Forensic Science International. Genetics May 2024Salivary bacterial community composition is associated with the host's internal and environmental factors, which have potential applications in forensic practice. The...
Salivary bacterial community composition is associated with the host's internal and environmental factors, which have potential applications in forensic practice. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the most commonly used strategy for detecting salivary bacterial diversity; however, its platforms are not compatible with capillary electrophoresis (CE) platforms commonly used for forensic applications. Therefore, we attempted to detect the salivary bacterial diversity using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Salivary bacterial diversity varies among diverse geographic locations, making it a potential supplementary biomarker for forensic geographic sourcing. To evaluate the performance of the multiplex SNaPshot assay, saliva samples from three geographic locations in China were analyzed using the multiplex SNaPshot assay and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We screened SNPs from two high-relative-abundance salivary genera (Streptococcus and Veillonella) to construct a multiplex SNaPshot system that can be used on the CE platform. The stability and sensitivity of the multiplex SNaPshot system were also tested. A random forest classification model was used to classify samples from different regions to explore the ability of salivary bacteria to discriminate between geographic sources. Six bacterial SNPs were screened and a multiplex SNaPshot system was constructed. The stability results showed that the typing of salivary stains that were placed indoors for different days was not affected in this study. Two-thirds of mocked salivary stain samples showed more than 90% of typing results obtained for salivary stain samples with an input of 0.1 µl saliva. The results of principal coordinate analysis based on salivary bacterial diversity showed significant differences between samples from the three different geographic locations. The accuracy of the random forest classification was 66.67% based on the multiplex SNaPshot assay and 83.33% based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In conclusion, this is the first attempt to detect salivary bacterial diversity using a multiplex SNaPshot bacterial SNP assay. The geographic difference in human salivary bacterial community composition was significant, as revealed by the multiplex SNaPshot assay; however, its performance in discriminating geographic sources was lower than that of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This strategy based on bacterial SNP loci may favor the detection of human bacterial diversity in common forensic laboratories but requires further exploration in larger sample sizes and more bacterial SNP loci.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Bacteria; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; China
PubMed: 38503203
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103032 -
BMC Microbiology Mar 2024Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential...
BACKGROUND
Oral microbiome dysbacteriosis has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of advanced esophageal cancer. However, few studies investigated the potential role of oral and gastric microbiota in early-stage intramucosal esophageal squamous carcinoma (EIESC).
METHOD
A total of 104 samples were collected from 31 patients with EIESC and 21 healthy controls. The compositions of oral and gastric microbiota were analyzed using 16 S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to assess taxonomic differences between groups. The correlation between oral microbiota and clinicopathological factors was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. Additionally, co-occurrence networks were established and random forest models were utilized to identify significant microbial biomarkers for distinguishing between the EIESC and control groups.
RESULTS
A total of 292 oral genera and 223 species were identified in both EIESC and healthy controls. Six oral genera were remarkably enriched in EIESC groups, including the genera Porphyromonas, Shigella, Subdoligranulum, Leptotrichia, Paludibacter, and Odoribacter. LEfSe analysis identified genera Porphyromonas and Leptotrichia with LDA scores > 3. In the random forest model, Porphyromonas endodontalis ranked the top microbial biomarker to differentiate EIESC from controls. The elimination rate of Porphyromonas endodontalis from the oral cavity to the stomach was also dramatically decreased in the EIESC group than controls. In the microbial co-occurrence network, Porphyromonas endodontalis was positively correlated with Prevotella tannerae and Prevotella intermedia and was negatively correlated with Veillonella dispar.
CONCLUSION
Our study potentially indicates that the dysbacteriosis of both the oral and gastric microbiome was associated with EIESC. Larger scale studies and experimental animal models are urgently needed to confirm the possible role of microbial dysbacteriosis in the pathogenesis of EIESC. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center, ChiCTR2200063464, Registered 07 September 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178563).
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Mouth; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38491387
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03233-4 -
The European Respiratory Journal May 2024In cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and lower airway infection occur early and are independently associated with poorer outcomes in childhood. This study...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
In cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and lower airway infection occur early and are independently associated with poorer outcomes in childhood. This study aimed to define the relationship between the microbiota at each niche during the first 2 years of life, its association with growth and airway inflammation, and explanatory features in the metabolome.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
67 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 62 plasma and 105 stool samples were collected from 39 infants with cystic fibrosis between 0 and 24 months who were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on BALF and stool samples, respectively; metabolomic analyses were performed on all sample types. Sequencing data from healthy age-matched infants were used as controls.
RESULTS
Bacterial diversity increased over the first 2 years in both BALF and stool, and microbial maturation was delayed in comparison to healthy controls from the RESONANCE cohort. Correlations between their respective abundance in both sites suggest stool may serve as a noninvasive alternative for detecting BALF and . Multisite metabolomic analyses revealed age- and growth-related changes, associations with neutrophilic airway inflammation, and a set of core systemic metabolites. BALF abundance was correlated with altered stool microbiome composition and systemic metabolite alterations, highlighting a complex gut-plasma-lung interplay and new targets with therapeutic potential.
CONCLUSION
Exploration of the gut-lung microbiome and metabolome reveals diverse multisite interactions in cystic fibrosis that emerge in early life. Gut-lung metabolomic links with airway inflammation and abundance warrant further investigation for clinical utility, particularly in non-expectorating patients.
Topics: Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Infant; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Feces; Male; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lung; Infant, Newborn; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Longitudinal Studies; Case-Control Studies; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38485151
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02290-2023 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2024A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative, cocci-shaped, and propionate-producing bacterial strain, named Ds1651 was isolated from the fecal sample...
A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative, cocci-shaped, and propionate-producing bacterial strain, named Ds1651 was isolated from the fecal sample collected from a South Korean infant. Through a comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, it was revealed that Ds1651 had the highest phylogenetic affinity with Veillonella nakazawae KCTC 25297 (99.86%), followed by Veillonella infantium KCTC 25370 (99.80%), and Veillonella dispar KCTC 25309 (99.73%) in the family Veillonellaceae. Average nucleotide identity values between Ds1651 and three reference species were 95.48% for Veillonella nakazawae KCTC 25297, 94.46% for Veillonella infantium KCTC 25370, and 92.81% for Veillonella dispar KCTC 25309. The G + C content of Ds1651 was 38.58 mol%. Major fermentation end-products were acetic and propionic acids in Trypticase peptone glucose yeast extract broth with 1% (v/v) sodium lactate. The predominant cellular fatty acids that account for more than 10% were summed in Feature 8 (C ω8c and/or C) and C. Based on the findings from phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic studies, we propose that the type strain Ds1651 (= KCTC 25477 = GDMCC 1.3707) represents a novel bacterial species within the genus Veillonella, with the proposed name Veillonella faecalis sp. nov.
Topics: Humans; Veillonella; Propionates; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Fatty Acids; Feces; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38472420
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01951-3