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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024: Vitamin B1 deficiency poses a significant risk of impaired consciousness, with manifestations ranging from anorexia and fatigue to severe neurological and...
: Vitamin B1 deficiency poses a significant risk of impaired consciousness, with manifestations ranging from anorexia and fatigue to severe neurological and cardiovascular disturbances. Wernicke's encephalopathy, a neurological disorder stemming from vitamin B1 deficiency, presents as the triad of ophthalmoplegia, altered mental state, and cerebellar ataxia. However, these symptoms are not consistently present, complicating the diagnosis. In addition, subclinical vitamin B1 deficiency can progress unnoticed until severe complications arise. Studies indicate a high rate of undiagnosed cases, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. : We present the case of a 65-year-old man in whom hyperlactatemia was incidentally detected, leading to the diagnosis of vitamin B1 deficiency. The patient, presenting with vertigo and vomiting, had been eating boxed lunches bought from convenience stores following the death of his wife 3 years earlier. Vertigo gradually improved with rest, but the persistence of hyperlactatemia prompted further investigation, revealing low vitamin B1 levels and high pyruvate levels. Treatment with dietary adjustments and supplements significantly improved his symptoms. : In this case, hyperlactatemia was found in a vertigo patient, revealing asymptomatic vitamin B1 deficiency. Elevated lactate is often linked with conditions like sepsis but can also stem from overlooked factors such as low vitamin B1 levels due to poor diet habits like consuming fried foods. : This case highlights the importance of considering vitamin B1 deficiency in patients with unexplained hyperlactatemia, even in high-income countries. Early detection can prevent progression to the severe complications associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Proactive measurement of lactate levels in at-risk populations may facilitate early diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Hyperlactatemia; Incidental Findings; Thiamine Deficiency; Thiamine; Vertigo
PubMed: 38792898
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050715 -
European Archives of... May 2024To compare the effectiveness of the Endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) and intratympanic methylprednisolone(ITMP) injection to control refractory Ménière's disease(MD)...
PURPOSE
To compare the effectiveness of the Endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) and intratympanic methylprednisolone(ITMP) injection to control refractory Ménière's disease(MD) symptoms and evaluate their impact on hearing level.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective study in a tertiary care center.
METHODS
36 received ITMP injection and 52 EDB. Mean outcome measures at 24 months included vertigo control, tinnitus, aural fullness and hearing level: pure-tone average (PTA), bone conduction average(BCA) and speech discrimination score(SDS).
RESULTS
At 24 months postoperatively, 90.4% of the EDB group had complete control of vertigo and 43.4% of the ITMP group (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in tinnitus or aural fullness control (p = 0.34 and p 0.21 respectively). In each group, the drop in tinnitus and aural fullness frequency at 24 months were significant for EDB (p = 0.03; p < 0.001 respectively) and for ITMP group in tinnitus (p = 0.03) but not aural fullness (p = 0.063). At 24 months, PTA, BCA and SDS were significantly worst in the ITMP group when compared to preoperative levels (p = 0.038, p = 0.027, p = 0.016). PTA in the EDB group was stable with no difference compared to ITMP group (p = 0.48). BCA and SDS in the EDB group were stable and better than the ITMP group (p = 0.032; p = 0.036). In each group, vestibular paresis was not significantly different before (p = 0.06) and after treatment (p = 0.68).
CONCLUSION
EDB is more effective than the ITMP for controlling the vertigo symptoms of Ménière's disease and in preserving hearing function. It is a novel surgical technique with promising results for a complete treatment of Ménière's disease. ITMP decreases the frequency and the severity of the symptoms but only control vertigo in 27.8% of cases.
PubMed: 38789850
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08736-4 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports May 2024To review the vestibular, aural, and perceptual symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) that may present alongside vertigo. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the vestibular, aural, and perceptual symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) that may present alongside vertigo.
RECENT FINDINGS
Increased research attention to the wide spectrum of symptoms presenting in VM patients has improved understanding of this disorder, with recent identification of five different VM phenotypes. Research into the clinical overlap between VM and other chronic vestibular syndromes such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness and mal-de-debarquement syndrome reveals a range of vestibular symptoms and hints at pathophysiological connections between migraine and vestibular dysfunction. Studies of migraine treatment for hearing loss suggest patients presenting with aural symptoms may have an underlying diagnosis of migraine and deserve a trial of migraine preventives. Research into the neurologic basis of the perceptual disorder Alice in Wonderland syndrome has revealed brain areas that are likely involved and may help explain its prevalence in VM patients. VM is a sensory processing disorder that presents with more than just vertigo. Understanding the range of potential symptoms improves diagnosis and treatment for migraine patients whose diagnosis may be missed when only the symptoms identified in the diagnostic criteria are considered.
PubMed: 38780828
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01245-3 -
European Archives of... Jul 2024The diagnosis and management of Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS) with concomitant otosclerosis can be a challenge. Otosclerosis can mask SCDS symptoms and...
OBJECTIVE
The diagnosis and management of Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS) with concomitant otosclerosis can be a challenge. Otosclerosis can mask SCDS symptoms and stapes surgery may reveal or exacerbate vestibular symptoms. Our aim is to present four cases of SCDS with concomitant otosclerosis and thereby informing the reader about the possibility of this dual occurrence and its implications for treatment.
CASES
Four patients with SCDS and concomitant otosclerosis are presented. Two patients underwent surgical treatment for both SCDS and otosclerosis and two patients opted for conservative management.
OUTCOMES
The main differences between surgically and non-surgically treated cases are the presence of autophony and pressure-induced vertigo and a more severe experience of symptoms in surgically treated cases. Surgically treated cases achieved a sizeable reduction in postoperative air-bone gap and resolution of vestibular symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The subjective severity of symptoms in combination with shared decision-making is key in determining the appropriate treatment plan for SCDS and concomitant otosclerosis.
Topics: Humans; Otosclerosis; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Semicircular Canal Dehiscence; Stapes Surgery; Adult; Clinical Decision-Making; Semicircular Canals; Aged
PubMed: 38780629
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08679-w -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 2024This pilot study aimed to evaluate a training programme for primary care physiotherapists focused on the assessment and management of benign paroxysmal positional...
OBJECTIVE
This pilot study aimed to evaluate a training programme for primary care physiotherapists focused on the assessment and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
METHODS
A six-month training programme and toolkit utilising the revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence ('SQUIRE 2.0') guidelines was developed to facilitate the learning of new knowledge and skills in the assessment and management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following Gagne's model of instructional design. A pre- and post-training knowledge and confidence questionnaire evaluated the impact of the training programme.
RESULTS
Eleven participants started the training programme and five completed it. On average, knowledge increased by 54 per cent (range, 41-95 per cent) and confidence increased by 45 per cent (range, 31-76 per cent). A 73 per cent improvement in practical skills acquisition was demonstrated after the initial training session.
CONCLUSION
A structured approach to learning demonstrates improvements in knowledge, skills and confidence of physiotherapists in the evidence-based management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Clinical Competence; Primary Health Care; Physical Therapists; Surveys and Questionnaires; Female; Male; Program Evaluation; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 38779900
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215123002086 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 2024Differential diagnosis of acute vertigo syndrome is challenging given the similarities between clinical presentations of posterior circulation stroke and peripheral...
BACKGROUND
Differential diagnosis of acute vertigo syndrome is challenging given the similarities between clinical presentations of posterior circulation stroke and peripheral vestibular dysfunction. The Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew ('HINTS') assessment is a clinical bedside test used to aid diagnosis.
METHODS
Comprehensive training on use of the Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew assessment was provided to one stroke consultant, and the effectiveness of the test in that setting was assessed. Further education was completed with more members of the stroke and emergency department multi-disciplinary team. Quality improvement measures including magnetic resonance imaging use and bed utilisation were explored.
RESULTS
Following training of one stroke consultant, the Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew assessment was found to be a feasible, accurate bedside test within this acute stroke service. Further training for the multi-disciplinary team was completed, but outcome measures were not explored because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and maternity leave.
CONCLUSION
There is a role for trained members of the multi-disciplinary team to successfully use the Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew assessment in hyperacute stroke settings, to aid diagnosis in acute vertigo syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Diagnosis, Differential; Stroke; Head Impulse Test; Vertigo; Nystagmus, Pathologic; COVID-19; Vestibular Function Tests; Syndrome; Vestibular Diseases
PubMed: 38779899
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215123002050 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 2024Driving capacity is affected by vestibular disorders and the medications used to treat them. Driving is not considered during medical consultations, with 92 per cent of...
BACKGROUND
Driving capacity is affected by vestibular disorders and the medications used to treat them. Driving is not considered during medical consultations, with 92 per cent of patients attending a centre for dizziness not discussing it with the doctor.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate if medical record prompts facilitate dizziness and driving conversations in ENT balance clinics.
METHODS
A questionnaire was designed to reflect the current standards of practice and advice given regarding driving and dizziness during balance clinic consultations.
RESULTS
Medical record prompts facilitated the improved frequency and recording of shared decision-making conversations about driving and dizziness in 98 per cent of consultations.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the benefits of medical record prompts for documented and accurate shared decision-making conversations surrounding dizziness, vertigo, vestibular conditions and driving. This potentially improves safety for all road users, and protects the patient and clinician in the event of road traffic accidents and medico-legal investigations.
Topics: Humans; Dizziness; Automobile Driving; Surveys and Questionnaires; Medical Records; Male; Female; Otolaryngology; Middle Aged; Physician-Patient Relations; Aged; Decision Making; Adult; Documentation; Vertigo
PubMed: 38779898
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215123002104 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 2024Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common episodic vestibular disorder, although it is often quiescent by the time patients visit a specialist clinic,...
BACKGROUND
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the most common episodic vestibular disorder, although it is often quiescent by the time patients visit a specialist clinic, making the diagnosis difficult to confirm. Patients fear the consequences of a relapse and it is not clear what follow up should be provided.
OBJECTIVE
This evaluation reviewed the results of an open access pathway that offered priority appointments to patients with a history of positional vertigo.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
In total, 664 patients were included in the analysis, 52 per cent of whom had unconfirmed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Open follow up improved diagnostic rates by approximately 40 per cent. The rate of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence was 34 per cent in patients with follow up of at least one year, 41 per cent with follow up of one to two years, and 53 per cent with follow up of two years or more. One in five recurrences occurred in a different semi-circular canal. These results suggest that specialist follow up is required for management of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Topics: Humans; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Recurrence; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38779897
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215123002244 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 2024Balance dysfunction and vestibular conditions are major problems requiring significant resources. There is significant national and international variation in management...
BACKGROUND
Balance dysfunction and vestibular conditions are major problems requiring significant resources. There is significant national and international variation in management pathways for such patients.
METHODS
This paper outlines a collaborative project run by the ENT department and two vestibular rehabilitation trained physiotherapists to establish a clinic to manage patients referred to ENT with vestibular and/or balance complaints. As part of a six-month pilot, two physiotherapy-led balance clinics were provided per week.
RESULTS
A total of 159 new patients were seen, with only 15 needing ENT consultant input. This led to the successful creation of substantive posts; the clinic has seen 698 patients in its first two years.
CONCLUSION
Patient outcomes and experience have been positive, and accompanied by reduced waiting and in-service times. The authors discuss some of the pitfalls, challenges and opportunities of developing this type of clinic.
Topics: Humans; Postural Balance; Physical Therapy Modalities; Vestibular Diseases; Pilot Projects; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Male; Referral and Consultation; Female; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38779896
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215123002256