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Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Jun 2024root, cataloged as "" in the Korean Pharmacopeia, is rich in various anthraquinones known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Formulations...
BACKGROUND
root, cataloged as "" in the Korean Pharmacopeia, is rich in various anthraquinones known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Formulations containing are traditionally employed for treating neurological conditions. This study aimed to substantiate the antiepileptic and neuroprotective efficacy of root extract (RTE) against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced epileptic seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration.
METHODS
The constituents of RTE were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Experimental animals were grouped into the following five categories: control, TMT, and three TMT+RTE groups with dosages of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg. Seizure severity was assessed daily for comparison between the groups. Brain tissue samples were examined to determine the extent of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation using histological and molecular biology techniques. Network pharmacology analysis involved extracting herbal targets for and disease targets for epilepsy from multiple databases. A protein-protein interaction network was built using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and pivotal targets were determined by topological analysis. Enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
RESULTS
The RTE formulation was found to contain sennoside A, sennoside B, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, (+)-catechin, and quercetin-3-O-glucuronoid. RTE effectively inhibited TMT-induced seizures at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg dosages and attenuated hippocampal neuronal decay and neuroinflammation at 30 and 100 mg/kg dosages. Furthermore, RTE significantly reduced mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (), glial fibrillary acidic protein (), and in hippocampal tissues. Network analysis revealed TNF, Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Protein c-fos (FOS), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), and Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as the core targets. Enrichment analysis demonstrated significant involvement of components in neurodegeneration ( = 4.35 × 10-5) and TNF signaling pathway ( = 9.94 × 10-5).
CONCLUSIONS
The and analyses performed in this study suggests that RTE can potentially modulate TMT-induced epileptic seizures and neurodegeneration. Therefore, root is a promising herbal treatment option for antiepileptic and neuroprotective applications.
Topics: Animals; Neuroprotective Agents; Trimethyltin Compounds; Plant Extracts; Rheum; Plant Roots; Male; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Disease Models, Animal; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Computer Simulation; Network Pharmacology; Protein Interaction Maps; Rats
PubMed: 38940090
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2306122 -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... Jun 2024A 1-year-old Miniature Horse filly was presented for chronic lethargy and hyporexia. Elevated liver enzymes, bile acids, and ammonia were noted on bloodwork. The primary...
A 1-year-old Miniature Horse filly was presented for chronic lethargy and hyporexia. Elevated liver enzymes, bile acids, and ammonia were noted on bloodwork. The primary differential diagnosis was a portosystemic shunt (PSS). Three-phase computed tomographic angiography findings were consistent with a transhepatic portosystemic shunt. Percutaneous liver biopsy confirmed severe diffuse hepatic changes, most likely due to chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis, and medical management was elected. Based on an extensive literature review, this is the first report of a transhepatic portosystemic collateral vessel in a horse. Computed tomographic angiography is feasible and useful for the diagnosis of PSS in miniature horses.
PubMed: 38940068
DOI: 10.1111/vru.13401 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Jun 2024This study was carried out to investigate the macroanatomical, morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic characteristics of the uropygial gland in adult male...
This study was carried out to investigate the macroanatomical, morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic characteristics of the uropygial gland in adult male and female turkeys (Meleagris gallapovo).
PubMed: 38940021
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24642 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) May 2024Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that can readily adapt to diverse environments and occur in almost all climatic zones and continents. Although some... (Review)
Review
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that can readily adapt to diverse environments and occur in almost all climatic zones and continents. Although some fungi are inevitable in the environment for the decay and recycling of organic material, many species are known to produce secondary metabolites, and these mycotoxins, when ingested with food or feed materials, can adversely affect animal and human health. Among the toxigenic fungi, species are recognized as so-called field fungi, invading crops and producing mycotoxins predominantly before harvest. produces a wide array of mycotoxins, causing different plant diseases. Fusariosis causes significant economic losses in a wide range of crops. secondary metabolites, particularly trichothecenes, are potent toxins in mammalian species and cause diverse adverse effects in humans and animals. Other prominent toxins with entirely different chemical structures are zearalenone and its derivatives and fumonisins. With an entirely different life cycle, toxins of endophytes belonging to the genus Epichloë and and comprise an animal health risk, particularly for grazing animals. This review aimed to summarize the adverse effects of selected and toxins, with a special emphasis on their occurrence in roughages and their mechanisms of action, and describe their effect on animal health and welfare and the potentially related public health risks.
Topics: Fusarium; Mycotoxins; Animals; Mycotoxicosis; Hypocreales
PubMed: 38939909
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1602012 -
LASSA FEVER IN INTERNALLY-DISPLACED PERSONS' CAMP: A CASE REPORT AT ZABARMARI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA.Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus, a single stranded RNA virus of the Arenavirus family. It is a zoonotic illness spread by rats of...
INTRODUTION
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus, a single stranded RNA virus of the Arenavirus family. It is a zoonotic illness spread by rats of the speciesMastomys natalensis . Between weeks 1 and 17, (2017), 242 suspected Lassa fever cases were reported in Nigeria, with 58 laboratory confirmed cases and 46 fatalities (CFR, 19.01%) from 50 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in 20 States.
METHODS
We conducted an outbreak investigation and gathered a thorough clinical history of the index case as well as contacts, who were then followed up using the standard viral hemorrhagic fever contact monitoring form. Following that, blood samples were collected from this patient. A total of 54 contacts were tracked for 21 days and their temperatures were recorded using a clinical thermometer. Furthermore, an environmental evaluation of the Zabarmari community and the Madinatu Internally-displaced persons' (IDP) camp was carried out.
RESULTS
The index case was a 32-year-old woman who was internallydisplaced in Zabarmari community. Her symptoms began with fever and vaginal bleeding and progressed to bleeding from the nose, mouth, and urethra. There was a history of rat exposure as well as inadequate environmental sanitation and hygiene. Real Time PCR detected Lassa fever in the blood sample. The Borno State Ministry of Environment, in partnership with the Ministry of Health, undertook public health education on Lassa fever prevention and implemented excellent sanitary measures.
CONCLUSION
Increased awareness creation on good infection prevention and control practices is crucial among internally-displaced person and health care providers to prevent occurrence and spread of the disease.
PubMed: 38939877
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters.Journal of Extracellular Biology Oct 2023Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing...
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
PubMed: 38939735
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115 -
Journal of Extracellular Biology Oct 2023Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and...
Parasites are responsible for the most neglected tropical diseases, affecting over a billion people worldwide (WHO, 2015) and accounting for billions of cases a year and responsible for several millions of deaths. Research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has increased in recent years and demonstrated that EVs shed by pathogenic parasites interact with host cells playing an important role in the parasite's survival, such as facilitation of infection, immunomodulation, parasite adaptation to the host environment and the transfer of drug resistance factors. Thus, EVs released by parasites mediate parasite-parasite and parasite-host intercellular communication. In addition, they are being explored as biomarkers of asymptomatic infections and disease prognosis after drug treatment. However, most current protocols used for the isolation, size determination, quantification and characterization of molecular cargo of EVs lack greater rigor, standardization, and adequate quality controls to certify the enrichment or purity of the ensuing bioproducts. We are now initiating major guidelines based on the evolution of collective knowledge in recent years. The main points covered in this position paper are methods for the isolation and molecular characterization of EVs obtained from parasite-infected cell cultures, experimental animals, and patients. The guideline also includes a discussion of suggested protocols and functional assays in host cells.
PubMed: 38939734
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.117 -
Toxicology Research Jun 2024Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) food contamination is a global health hazard that has detrimental effects on both human and animal health. The objective of the current study is to...
BACKGROUND
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) food contamination is a global health hazard that has detrimental effects on both human and animal health. The objective of the current study is to assess the protective impact of carnosic acid against AFB1-induced toxicities in the liver, kidneys, and heart.
METHODS
Forty male Wistar Albino rats (weighting 180 ~ 200 g) were allocated into 5 groups (8 rats each); the 1 group received saline as served as a control, the 2 group received carnosic acid (CA100) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day by gavage for 14 days, the 3 group received AFB1 at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw, orally twice on days 12 and 14, the 4 group (AFB1-CA50) received AFB1 as in the 3 group and CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day, and the 5 group (AFB1-CA100) received AFB1 as in the 3 group and CA as in the 2 group.
RESULTS
CA significantly decreased the liver enzymes (ALT, AST. ALP), renal function products (LDH, BUN, creatinine), and cardiac enzymes (CK and CK-MB) to control levels after the high increment by AFB1 exposure. Moreover, CA significantly decreased the oxidative stress (MDA, NO, 8-OHdG) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD) after severe disruption of oxidant/antioxidant balance by AFB1 exposure. Interestingly, CA significantly decreased the proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) to the control levels after severe inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusively, CA had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-DNA damage effects against hepatic, renal, and cardiac AFB1-induced toxicities.
PubMed: 38939725
DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae083 -
Oncology Letters Aug 2024Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that occurs more frequently than other brain tumors. The present study aimed to reveal a novel mechanism of...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that occurs more frequently than other brain tumors. The present study aimed to reveal a novel mechanism of temozolomide resistance in GBM using bioinformatics and wet lab analyses, including meta-Z analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network establishment, cluster analysis of co-expressed gene networks, and hierarchical clustering of upregulated and downregulated genes. Next-generation sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses revealed downregulated [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains 1 (), calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit α2Δ1 (), calpain 6 () and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 6 ()] and upregulated [serum amyloid (), growth differentiation factor 15 () and ubiquitin specific peptidase 26 ()] genes. Different statistical models were developed for these genes using the Z-score for P-value conversion, and Kaplan-Meier plots were constructed using several patient cohorts with brain tumors. The highest number of nodes was observed in the PPI network was for and . The PPI network model for all genes contained 35 nodes and 241 edges. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type or IDH-mutant GBM samples from patients and a significant upregulation of TIE1 (P<0.001) and CAPN6 (P<0.05) protein expression was demonstrated in IDH-mutant GBM in comparison with IDH-wild-type GBM. Structural analysis revealed an IDH-mutant model demonstrating the mutant residues (R132, R140 and R172). The findings of the present study will help the future development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics for brain tumors.
PubMed: 38939621
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14511 -
New Microbes and New Infections 2024
PubMed: 38939553
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101441