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American Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dentifrices based on Malva sylvestris and propolis and the effect on the acrylic resin.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dentifrices based on Malva sylvestris and propolis and the effect on the acrylic resin.
METHODS
The inhibitory effect against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans was determined. The specimens of resin were divided into groups: Control (brushing with distilled water); brushing with Colgate; brushing with Protex; brushing with Malvatricin, brushing with Proporalcare Dental Gel and brushing with Green Propolis Dental Gel. Brushing was carried out in a brushing machine. Roughness and color were assessed. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni post test (α= 0.05).
RESULTS
The products evaluated showed antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms (P< 0.05), except Proporalcare Dental Gel, which was not effective against E. faecalis. Greater roughness (P< 0.05) was observed in the samples treated with Colgate. The samples from control and Protex groups showed the lowest color variation and the highest luminosity, with a difference in relation to the others (P< 0.05), which showed higher values, although clinically acceptable.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The dentifrices based on natural products can be indicated for cleaning prostheses, since they showed antimicrobial activity and did not cause perceptible color changes of the resin tested. The dentifrices did not produce adverse effects on the surface of the resin or did so less than the conventional dentifrice.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Dentifrices; Streptococcus mutans; Candida albicans; Denture Bases; Enterococcus faecalis; Propolis; Surface Properties; Materials Testing; Color; Humans; Anti-Infective Agents; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Silicic Acid
PubMed: 38899991
DOI: No ID Found -
Neck Space Infection: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases at a Tertiary Care Center in Sibu, Malaysia.Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jun 2024This study is intended to explore the relationship of etiologies of neck space infection (NSI) and its prevalent microorganisms of NSI and to compare the treatments and...
This study is intended to explore the relationship of etiologies of neck space infection (NSI) and its prevalent microorganisms of NSI and to compare the treatments and its clinical outcomes with other studies. A retrospective study of 1 year duration from April 2022-April 2023 at ENT department Hospital Sibu includes total 40 NSI patients. 30 male and 10 female patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 3 were studied, with a mean age of 35.07 (± 18.25) years. Diabetes mellitus still constituted a high risk factor (27.3%), while patients with biohazard status (Hepatitis B and C) contributes 15.1%. There were 18 cases (45%) which etiology remained unknown, followed by odontogenic infection (27.5%), then upper respiratory tract infection (7.5%). 9 out of 40 patients required intensive care unit (ICU) care, with a median of 2.5 days ICU admission. Among the complications developed, airway obstruction (9 patients; 42.9%) was the most common. The most common infected neck space in our study was the submandibular space 18.1%; then the parapharyngeal space 13.3% and peritonsillar space 10.8%. The most common microorganism isolated was Streptococci Viridans (6 cases, 15%), followed by streptococcus pyogenes Group A (5 cases, 12.5%), then Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 cases, 10%). Interestingly, 62.5% of the neck infection cases were caused by single bacteria, while only 7.5% cases were infected by polymicrobial cause. Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) constitutes the highest proportion (40.4%) of first line antibiotics, while unasyn (ampicillin-sulbactam) was be a second substitute (13.5%). The duration of hospitalization ranged from 1 to 8 weeks, with a mean stay of 1.54 ± 1.49 weeks days. We achieved a high recovery rate of 97.5% with 1 patient died due to extensive small bowel ischemia.
PubMed: 38883552
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04475-4 -
PeerJ 2024Tea tree () oil (TTO) is an antimicrobial agent, and hence, its use in fabricating nanoparticles (NP) may be useful in providing more efficacious antimicrobial agents....
Tea tree () oil (TTO) is an antimicrobial agent, and hence, its use in fabricating nanoparticles (NP) may be useful in providing more efficacious antimicrobial agents. The current research aimed to test the antimicrobial efficacy of TTO and its TTO-Metal-NPs against oral microbes: , , and . The antimicrobial activity of TTO and zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) and the combined effects of antimicrobial agents were investigated using agar well diffusion assays. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the phyto-constituents of TTO. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scatter (DLS), and zeta potential were utilized to analyze the biogenic nanoparticles' morphology, size, and potential. The antimicrobial mode of action was determined by assessing the morphological changes under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The TTO extracts converted Zn and Fe ions to NPs, having an average size of 97.50 (ZnNPs) and 102.4 nm (FeNPs). All tested agents had significant antibacterial efficacy against the tested oral microbes. However, the TTO extract was more efficacious than the NPs. Combination treatment of TTO with antibiotics resulted in partial additive effects against and partial antagonistic effects against , , and common mouthwashes (Oral B and chlorhexidine). TTO and NP-treated bacteria underwent morphological changes on treatment. phytochemicals could be useful for further research and development of antimicrobial NPs. The current study highlights the variance in activity observed for different types of bacteria and antagonistic effects seen with common mouthwashes, which represent a threat to therapeutic efficacy and heighten the risk of clinical microbial resistance.
Topics: Tea Tree Oil; Metal Nanoparticles; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Enterococcus faecalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mouth; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Melaleuca; Anti-Infective Agents; Humans; Iron; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38854801
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17241 -
Analytical Chemistry Jun 2024Dental caries is one of the most common diseases affecting more than 2 billion people's health worldwide. In a clinical setting, it is challenging to predict and...
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases affecting more than 2 billion people's health worldwide. In a clinical setting, it is challenging to predict and proactively guard against dental cavities prior to receiving a confirmed diagnosis. () in saliva has been recognized as the main causative bacterial agent that causes dental caries. High sensitivity, good selectivity, and a wide detection range are incredibly important factors to affect detection in practical applications. In this study, we present a portable saliva biosensor designed for the early detection of with the potential to predict the occurrence of dental cavities. The biosensor was fabricated using a -specific DNA aptamer and -imprinted polymers. Methylene blue was utilized as a redox probe in the sensor to generate current signals for analysis. When enters complementarily cavities, it blocks electron transfer between methylene blue and the electrode, resulting in decreases in the reduction current signal. The signal variations are associated with concentrations that are useful for quantitative analysis. The linear detection range of is 10-10 cfu mL, which covers the critical concentration of high caries risk. The biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity toward in the presence of other common oral bacteria. The biosensor's wide detection range, excellent selectivity, and low limit of detection (2.6 cfu mL) are attributed to the synergistic effect of aptamer and -imprinted polymers. The sensor demonstrates the potential to prevent dental caries.
Topics: Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Biosensing Techniques; Dental Caries; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Humans; Methylene Blue; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 38848497
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05112 -
PLoS Genetics Jun 2024Evaluation of the apportionment of genetic diversity of human bacterial commensals within and between human populations is an important step in the characterization of...
Evaluation of the apportionment of genetic diversity of human bacterial commensals within and between human populations is an important step in the characterization of their evolutionary potential. Recent studies showed a correlation between the genomic diversity of human commensal strains and that of their host, but the strength of this correlation and of the geographic structure among human populations is a matter of debate. Here, we studied the genomic diversity and evolution of the phylogenetically related oro-nasopharyngeal healthy-carriage Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae, whose lifestyles range from stricter commensalism to high pathogenic potential. A total of 119 S. mitis genomes showed higher within- and among-host variation than 810 S. pneumoniae genomes in European, East Asian and African populations. Summary statistics of the site-frequency spectrum for synonymous and non-synonymous variation and ABC modelling showed this difference to be due to higher ancestral bacterial population effective size (Ne) in S. mitis, whose genomic variation has been maintained close to mutation-drift equilibrium across (at least many) generations, whereas S. pneumoniae has been expanding from a smaller ancestral bacterial population. Strikingly, both species show limited differentiation among human populations. As genetic differentiation is inversely proportional to the product of effective population size and migration rate (Nem), we argue that large Ne have led to similar differentiation patterns, even if m is very low for S. mitis. We conclude that more diversity within than among human populations and limited population differentiation must be common features of the human microbiome due to large Ne.
Topics: Streptococcus mitis; Humans; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Genetic Variation; Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Genetics, Population
PubMed: 38843312
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011317 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and...
Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic appliances. Silver-coated orthodontic materials have emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the potent antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antibacterial coatings are used in orthodontics to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. This systematic review evaluated the literature on antimicrobial silver coatings on fixed orthodontic appliances, including archwires, brackets, and microimplants. Two evaluators, working independently, rigorously conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. This systematic review comprehensively examined in vitro studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-coated orthodontic archwires, brackets, and microimplants. The review registered in PROSPERO CRD42024509189 synthesized findings from 18 diverse studies, revealing consistent and significant reductions in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and colony counts with the incorporation of AgNPs. Key studies demonstrated the effectiveness of silver-coated archwires and brackets against common oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Microimplants coated with AgNPs also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The systematic review revealed potential mechanisms underlying these antimicrobial effects, highlighted implications for infection prevention in orthodontic practice, and suggested future research avenues. Despite some study heterogeneity and limitations, the collective evidence supports the potential of silver-coated orthodontic materials in mitigating bacterial complications, emphasizing their relevance in advancing infection control measures in orthodontics.
Topics: Silver; Humans; Biofilms; Orthodontic Brackets; Metal Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Anti-Infective Agents; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Bacterial Adhesion; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38843112
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944255 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2024Dental caries is a widespread bacterial infectious disease that imposes a significant public health burden globally. The primary culprits in caries development are...
Dental caries is a widespread bacterial infectious disease that imposes a significant public health burden globally. The primary culprits in caries development are cariogenic bacteria, notably (), due to their robust biofilm-forming capabilities. To address this issue, a series of cationic pyridinium-substituted photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission have been designed. All of these aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) exhibit outstanding microbial visualization and photodynamic killing of , thanks to their luminous fluorescence and efficient singlet oxygen generation ability. Notably, one of the membrane-anchored AIEgens (TDTPY) can inactivate planktic and its biofilm without causing significant cytotoxicity. Importantly, application of TDTPY-mediated photodynamic treatment on in vivo rodent models has yielded commendable imaging results and effectively slowed down caries progression with assured biosafety. Unlike traditional single-mode anticaries materials, AIEgens integrate the dual functions of detecting and removing and are expected to build a new caries management diagnosis and treatment platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report on the use of AIEgens for anticaries studies both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Photosensitizing Agents; Dental Caries; Photochemotherapy; Animals; Biofilms; Mice; Singlet Oxygen; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38842123
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04585 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).
METHODS
This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias.
RESULTS
Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Grape Seed Extract; Biofilms; Humans; Vitis; Proanthocyanidins
PubMed: 38840232
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04263-0 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Jun 2024This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of ozone gel against oral biofilms grown on titanium dental implant discs. The experiment...
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antimicrobial activity of ozone gel against oral biofilms grown on titanium dental implant discs. The experiment used medical grade five titanium discs on which peri-implant isolated biofilms were grown. The experimental groups were control, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Granulicatella adiacens (G. adiacens), (n = 6). The oral microbes grown on titanium discs were exposed to ozone gel for 3 minutes and the antibacterial activity was assessed by turbidity test and adherence test for the antibiofilm activity test. Bacterial morphology and confluence were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (n=3). Two bacterial species were identified from the peri-implant sample, S. mutans and G. adiacens. The results showed that adding ozone to the bacterial biofilm on titanium dental implants did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Moreover, there was no significant difference in antibiofilm activity between control and treatment groups. However, significant antibacterial and antibiofilm effect was exhibited by ozone gel against G. adiacens. Ozonated olive oil can be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for disinfecting dental implant surfaces and treating peri-implantitis.
Topics: Ozone; Olive Oil; Biofilms; Peri-Implantitis; Streptococcus mutans; Humans; Dental Implants; Titanium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38836689
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.6.1 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic...
Investigation of mechanical properties, remineralization, antibacterial effect, and cellular toxicity of composite orthodontic adhesive combined with silver-containing nanostructured bioactive glass.
BACKGROUND
The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic adhesives may prevent the formation of white spots. The aim of this study was to produce a composite orthodontic adhesive combined with nano-bioactive glass-silver (nBG@Ag) for bracket bonding to enamel and to investigate its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, remineralization capability, and bond strength.
METHODS
nBG@Ag was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance attachment (ATR-FTIR). The cytotoxicity test (MTT) and antimicrobial activity of adhesives containing 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt) nBG@Ag were evaluated, and the shear bond strength of the adhesives was measured using a universal testing machine. Remineralization was assessed through microhardness testing with a Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Robust-Welch test, Tukey HSD method, and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The biocompatibility of the adhesives was found to be high, as confirmed by the lack of significant differences in the cytotoxicity between the sample and control groups. Discs made from composites containing nBG@Ag exhibited a significant reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), and the antibacterial activity increased with higher percentages of nBG@Ag. The shear bond strength of the adhesives decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after the addition of nanoparticles, but it remained above the recommended value. The addition of nBG@Ag showed improvement in the microhardness of the teeth, although the differences in microhardness between the study groups were not statistically significant. The formation of hydroxyapatite deposits on the tooth surface was confirmed through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
CONCLUSION
Adding nBG@Ag to orthodontic adhesives can be an effective approach to enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, without compromising biocompatibility and bond strength.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silver; Tooth Remineralization; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Streptococcus mutans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Glass; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Ceramics; Humans; Composite Resins; Shear Strength; Hardness; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38824555
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04402-7