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The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Mar 2024In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the specific oral pathogens potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart...
In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the specific oral pathogens potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Caries, oral hygiene and gingival indices were evaluated in 20 children with CHD and a healthy control group, and venous blood samples and saliva were collected. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), blood samples were analyzed for the presence of bacterial DNA to determine the mobile microbiome, and saliva samples were analyzed to identify and quantify target microorganisms, including () and its serotype (), (), (), () and () and its JP2 clone (). The findings were analyzed by Mann Whitney U, chi-square, Fisher's exact and Spearman's Correlation tests. Bacterial DNA was identified in two blood samples. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the presence and counts of bacteria in saliva. However, the CHD group exhibited significantly lower caries and higher gingival index scores than the control group. The presence of and were significantly associated with higher gingival index scores. and counts were significantly correlated with caries experience. A positive correlation was found between and total bacteria counts. In conclusion, the mobile microbiome, which has been proposed as a potential marker of dysbiosis at distant sites, was very rare in our pediatric population. The counts of target microorganisms which are potentially associated with the mobile microbiome did not differ in children with CHD and healthy children.
Topics: Humans; Child; DNA, Bacterial; Case-Control Studies; Saliva; Heart Defects, Congenital; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Dental Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Microbiota
PubMed: 38548632
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.026 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Apr 2024Brain abscess is a rare complication of esophagogastro- duodenoscopy (EGD) with few reported cases in the literature. In this report, we discuss a patient presenting...
Brain abscess is a rare complication of esophagogastro- duodenoscopy (EGD) with few reported cases in the literature. In this report, we discuss a patient presenting with altered mental status, headache, and dysarthria due to brain abscess caused by S. intermedius shortly after an EGD with an esophageal biopsy showing a new diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis. We highlight the rare association of EGD and brain abscess, and discuss the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Streptococcus intermedius; Duodenoscopy; Biopsy; Brain Abscess
PubMed: 38536131
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Biology and Evolution Mar 2024Ancient microbial genomes can illuminate pathobiont evolution across millenia, with teeth providing a rich substrate. However, the characterization of prehistoric oral...
Ancient microbial genomes can illuminate pathobiont evolution across millenia, with teeth providing a rich substrate. However, the characterization of prehistoric oral pathobiont diversity is limited. In Europe, only preagricultural genomes have been subject to phylogenetic analysis, with none compared to more recent archaeological periods. Here, we report well-preserved microbiomes from two 4,000-year-old teeth from an Irish limestone cave. These contained bacteria implicated in periodontitis, as well as Streptococcus mutans, the major cause of caries and rare in the ancient genomic record. Despite deriving from the same individual, these teeth produced divergent Tannerella forsythia genomes, indicating higher levels of strain diversity in prehistoric populations. We find evidence of microbiome dysbiosis, with a disproportionate quantity of S. mutans sequences relative to other oral streptococci. This high abundance allowed for metagenomic assembly, resulting in its first reported ancient genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicates major postmedieval population expansions for both species, highlighting the inordinate impact of recent dietary changes. In T. forsythia, this expansion is associated with the replacement of older lineages, possibly reflecting a genome-wide selective sweep. Accordingly, we see dramatic changes in T. forsythia's virulence repertoire across this period. S. mutans shows a contrasting pattern, with deeply divergent lineages persisting in modern populations. This may be due to its highly recombining nature, allowing for maintenance of diversity through selective episodes. Nonetheless, an explosion in recent coalescences and significantly shorter branch lengths separating bacteriocin-carrying strains indicate major changes in S. mutans demography and function coinciding with sugar popularization during the industrial period.
Topics: Humans; Phylogeny; Streptococcus mutans; Genomics; Metagenome; Microbiota
PubMed: 38533900
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae017 -
Journal of Microbiological Methods May 2024Infections resulting from surgical procedures and wound closures continue to pose significant challenges in healthcare settings. To address this issue, the investigators...
BACKGROUND
Infections resulting from surgical procedures and wound closures continue to pose significant challenges in healthcare settings. To address this issue, the investigators have developed antibacterial non-resorbable braided silk sutures using in situ deposited silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and investigated their efficacy in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans infections.
METHODS
The braided silk sutures were modified through a simple and efficient in situ photoreduction method, resulting in the uniform distribution of AgNPs along the suture surface. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) confirming their successful integration onto the silk sutures. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticle coated sutures were compared and evaluated with non-coated braided silk sutures through in vitro assays against both S. aureus and S. mutans.
RESULTS
The surface and cross-sectional analysis of the treated sutures revealed a uniform and homogeneous distribution of silver particles achieved through the photoreduction of silver solution. This observation confirms the successful coating of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the sutures. The antimicrobial studies conducted, demonstrated significant reductions in bacterial colonies when exposed to the silver nanoparticle-coated sutures. Notably, the width of the inhibition zone surrounding the coated sutures remained consistently wide and stable for duration up to 7 days. This sustained and robust inhibitory effect against gram-positive bacteria, specifically S. aureus and S. mutans, serves as strong evidence of the antibacterial efficacy of the coated sutures.
CONCLUSION
The coating of silk sutures with AgNPs provided a significant and effective antibacterial capacity to the surgical sutures, with this activity being sustained for a period of 7 days. This suggests that AgNPs-in situ photoreduction deposited sutures have the potential to effectively manage S. aureus and S. mutans infections.
Topics: Silver; Staphylococcus aureus; Metal Nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sutures; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silk; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38521504
DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106923 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Mar 2024Gram-positive bacteria are frequently resistant to empirical beta-lactams in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer. As microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility...
BACKGROUND
Gram-positive bacteria are frequently resistant to empirical beta-lactams in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer. As microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility changes, we reevaluated the risk factors for resistant Gram-positive bacteremia in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.
METHODS
Episodes of bacteremic febrile neutropenia in Seoul National University Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022 were reviewed. Resistant Gram-positive bacteria were defined as a pathogen susceptible only to glycopeptide or linezolid in vitro (e.g., methicillin-resistant staphylococci, penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci, and ampicillin-resistant enterococci). Episodes were compared to identify independent risk factors for resistant Gram-positive bacteremia.
RESULTS
Of 225 episodes, 78 (34.7%) involved resistant Gram-positive bacteremia. Multivariate analysis revealed that breakthrough bacteremia while being administered antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.794; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.130-14.749; P < 0.001) and catheter-related infection (aOR 4.039, 95% CI 1.366-11.946; P = 0.012) were associated with resistant Gram-positive bacteremia. Chronic liver disease (aOR 0.231, 95% CI 0.059-0.905; P = 0.035) and hypotension at bacteremia (aOR 0.454, 95% CI 0.218-0.945; P = 0.035) were inversely associated with resistant Gram-positive bacteremia.
CONCLUSIONS
Resistant Gram-positive bacteria should be considered in breakthrough bacteremia and catheter-related infection in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.
PubMed: 38518846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.013 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Jan 2024To evaluate the risk factors associated with caries development after full-mouth rehabilitation for early childhood caries (ECC) under general anesthesia.
AIM
To evaluate the risk factors associated with caries development after full-mouth rehabilitation for early childhood caries (ECC) under general anesthesia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 100 children diagnosed with ECC requiring full-mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia were recruited for the study. At baseline, caries status, plaque index, count, and count were evaluated. The risk assessment for caries was evaluated using a cariogram. Children were recalled after 12 months for evaluation. All children returned for the recall and data was recorded at the recall visit. Children were grouped into caries-free or caries recurrent based on the absence or presence of caries. Chi-square tests and student's -test were used for statistical analysis using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 23.
RESULTS
All 100 children returned for follow-up. 76% of the children developed new carious lesions in a period of 1 year. A statistically significant association between caries recurrence and count and caries risk assessment (CRA) score was found ( < 0.001). No significant associations were seen between parental education levels and the oral health practices of the child.
CONCLUSION
Children treated under full-mouth rehabilitation for ECC under general anesthesia are at risk for developing new carious lesions after treatment. New carious lesions are strongly correlated with the presence of , and high cariographic risk scores serve as an indication of future caries. Early childhood caries may be avoided if children are more diligent in practicing good dental hygiene.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Relapse of caries after full-mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia can affect the quality of life of children. Preventive measures should be initiated and reinforced to prevent the occurrence of new carious lesions after full-mouth rehabilitation. How to cite this article: Mathew MG, Jeevanandan G, Maganur PC, . Evaluation of Risk Factors associated with Caries Development after Full-mouth Rehabilitation for Early Childhood Caries Under General Anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):85-91.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Mouth Rehabilitation; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Quality of Life; Dental Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Risk Factors; Anesthesia, General
PubMed: 38514437
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3600 -
Microbiology and Molecular Biology... Jun 2024SUMMARYThe genus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and... (Review)
Review
SUMMARYThe genus consists of a taxonomically diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that have earned significant scientific interest due to their physiological and pathogenic characteristics. Within the genus viridans group streptococci (VGS) play a significant role in the oral ecosystem, constituting approximately 80% of the oral biofilm. Their primary role as pioneering colonizers in the oral cavity with multifaceted interactions like adherence, metabolic signaling, and quorum sensing contributes significantly to the complex dynamics of the oral biofilm, thus shaping oral health and disease outcomes. Perturbations in oral streptococci composition drive oral dysbiosis and therefore impact host-pathogen interactions, resulting in oral inflammation and representing VGS as an opportunistic pathogen. The association of oral streptococci in tumors across distant organs, spanning the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and colon, illuminates a potential association between oral streptococci, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. This finding emphasizes the need for further investigations into the role of oral streptococci in mucosal homeostasis and their involvement in carcinogenesis. Hence, here, we review the significance of oral streptococci in biofilm dynamics and how the perturbation may impact mucosal immunopathogenesis in the context of cancer, with a vision of exploiting oral streptococci for cancer intervention and for the development of non-invasive cancer diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Biofilms; Mouth; Carcinogenesis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Streptococcus; Neoplasms; Animals; Dysbiosis; Streptococcal Infections; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 38506551
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00095-23 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2024Brain abscess is a life-threatening infection that can occur secondary to contiguous or hematogenous spread. Several underlying conditions can lead to brain abscesses,...
Brain abscess is a life-threatening infection that can occur secondary to contiguous or hematogenous spread. Several underlying conditions can lead to brain abscesses, such as dental infection, otitis media, sinusitis, and immunosuppression. Esophageal perforation leading to brain abscesses is extremely rare. We report a rare case of a 32-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with progressive headaches and upper-extremity weakness. Upon further evaluation, computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple brain abscesses secondary to infection. The patient eventually underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which showed a perforation in the middle third of the esophagus. This case highlights the importance of considering esophageal perforation as a predisposing condition for brain abscesses.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Streptococcus intermedius; Esophageal Perforation; Brain Abscess; Streptococcal Infections; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38504423
DOI: 10.1177/23247096241239572 -
Georgian Medical News Jan 2024Houttuynia cordata is an herbal plant distributed throughout Asia. H. cordata has many bioactive properties, including antibacterial properties. The antibacterial...
Houttuynia cordata is an herbal plant distributed throughout Asia. H. cordata has many bioactive properties, including antibacterial properties. The antibacterial effects of H. cordata on S. mutans remain unknown. Therefore, we treated S. mutans with 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/mL H. cordata extract at 37°C for 24 h. The antibacterial effect of H. cordata against S. mutans was confirmed using colony forming unit assay and disk diffusion assays. The results of the cell concentration assay demonstrated that H. cordata inhibited the growth of S. mutans in a dose-dependent manner. Prominent growth inhibition was observed after treatment with 10 mg/mL H. cordata extract, and these findings were statistically significant. In addition, no colonies of S. mutans were detected after treatment with 40 mg/mL H. cordata. Disk diffusion assays revealed that 20 mg/mL of H. cordata created a zone of growth inhibition of 11 mm. Therefore, our findings suggest the possibility of using H. cordata in the treatment and prevention of dental caries.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Houttuynia; Streptococcus mutans; Dental Caries; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 38501613
DOI: No ID Found -
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue = Shanghai... Dec 2023To observe the anti-caries effect of transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine after immunization with SD rats by gavage and to explore its immunity mechanism initially.
PURPOSE
To observe the anti-caries effect of transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine after immunization with SD rats by gavage and to explore its immunity mechanism initially.
METHODS
SD rats were used to establish an experimental caries model. The transgenic anti-caries tomatoes expressing the target protein were cultivated and identified. The SIgA and IgG contents of specific anti-PAcA in saliva and blood samples of SD rats were detected by ELISA. Then, the SD rats were sacrificed, the maxillary and mandibular bones were taken for Keyes dental caries score, and spleens were taken for the analysis of RNA-seq. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 software package.
RESULTS
The target protein concentration in the transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine was 36.28 μg/mL. After vaccine immunization of SD rats, group D (8 mL/kg) produced the highest levels of specific SIgA and IgG antibodies at week 6 and was significantly different from the other groups(P<0.05), and caries counting score was also significantly different than the other groups (P<0.05). The spleen mRNA of SD rats in group D was extracted and sequenced by RNA-seq, and 40 genes with significant differences in mRNA expression were obtained(P-adjust<0.05, |Fold Change|≥1.5). 26 genes were significantly upregulated, including IGFBP6 and COL15A1. The upregulated gene GO enrichment was enriched to humoral immune response, B-cell activation, and immunoglobulin receptor binding; KEGG enrichment was enriched to 56 signaling pathways, including PI3K-AKT and NF-κB, and F<0.001. Fourteen genes were significantly downregulated, but the analysis of downregulated gene GO and KEGG enrichment was not statistically significant(F>0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Transgenic tomato anti-caries vaccine may reduce caries occurrence by upregulating the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway mediated by IGFBP6 in SD rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Solanum lycopersicum; Streptococcus mutans; Dental Caries; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Vaccines, DNA; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Immunoglobulin G; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 38494961
DOI: No ID Found