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Acta Psychologica Jun 2024The inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon where response times (RTs) to a target appearing at a previously cued location are slower than those for an uncued...
The inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon where response times (RTs) to a target appearing at a previously cued location are slower than those for an uncued location. IOR can improve visual search efficiency. This study aimed to investigate IOR in badminton athletes at different cue depths using a cue-target paradigm in three-dimensional (3-D) static and dynamic scenarios. The study involved 28 badminton athletes (M age = 21.29, SD = 2.39, 14 males) and 25 non-athletes (M age = 21.56, SD = 2.38, 11 males). In the static scenario (Experiment 1), no significant difference between IOR in cueing near and far conditions. IOR was showed both in cueing the near and far condition. Badminton athletes had a speed advantage than non-athletes. In the dynamic scenario (Experiment 2), only badminton athletes showed IOR in cueing the far-to-near condition, but not for the near-to-far. The present study showed that depth information influenced the IOR only in far-to-near condition. Badminton athletes showed more sensitivity to depth information than non-athletes. Additionally, the study expands the object-based IOR in 3-D dynamic scenario.
PubMed: 38936232
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104368 -
International Ophthalmology Jun 2024To evaluate the association between donor-related factors and the risk of rejection in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the association between donor-related factors and the risk of rejection in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus.
METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of keratoconus patients with no corneal neovascularization who underwent PKP from November 2014 to December 2016 and completed at least two years of follow-up. Preoperative, donor, operative, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed to identify factors leading to corneal graft rejection.
RESULTS
A total of 201 eyes (of 201 patients) that underwent PKP for keratoconus were included. Of these, 22.9% (95% CI 17.6-29.2%) had an episode of graft rejection. The overall graft survival rate was 98.5%. Receipts with a history of corneal transplant in the fellow eye (IRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01, 2.80; p = 0.044) and those with postoperative stromal neovascularization (IRR 2.51, 95% CI 1.49, 4.21; p = 0.001) had a significantly higher incidence of rejection than those without these features. In univariate analysis, death-to-surgery time and death-to-excision time (DET) showed a weak association with graft rejection (p 0.05 and 0.08 respectively); However, in the multivariable analysis, this significance was lost. Grafts with a death-to-excision time (DET) greater than 8 h had a 0.53X lower risk of rejection compared with grafts with DET within 8 h or less (p = 0.05). Rejection was higher in patients receiving grafts with a preservation time within 7 days or less compared with preservation time greater than 7 days (30.6% vs. 21.2%, respectively, p = 0.291).
CONCLUSION
In the multivariable analysis, none of the donor-related factors were significantly associated with graft rejection; however, short death-to-surgery time may be associated with rejection after PKP. Recipients with a history of PKP in the fellow eye and those who developed corneal neovascularization were also at increased risk of developing rejection after keratoplasty.
Topics: Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Keratoconus; Graft Rejection; Male; Retrospective Studies; Female; Risk Factors; Adult; Graft Survival; Middle Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Visual Acuity; Young Adult; Incidence; Postoperative Complications; Adolescent
PubMed: 38935251
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02955-8 -
Cognitive Research: Principles and... Jun 2024The presence of face masks can significantly impact processes related to trait impressions from faces. In the present research, we focused on trait impressions from...
The presence of face masks can significantly impact processes related to trait impressions from faces. In the present research, we focused on trait impressions from faces either wearing a mask or not by addressing how contextual factors may shape such inferences. In Study 1, we compared trait impressions from faces in a phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in which wearing masks was a normative behavior (T1) with those assessed one year later when wearing masks was far less common (T2). Results at T2 showed a reduced positivity in the trait impressions elicited by faces covered by a mask. In Study 2, it was found that trait impressions from faces were modulated by the background visual context in which the target face was embedded so that faces wearing a mask elicited more positive traits when superimposed on an indoor rather than outdoor visual context. Overall, the present studies indicate that wearing face masks may affect trait impressions from faces, but also that such impressions are highly flexible and can significantly fluctuate across time and space.
Topics: Humans; Masks; Female; Male; COVID-19; Adult; Young Adult; Facial Recognition; Social Perception; Facial Expression
PubMed: 38935222
DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00570-w -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction model for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) progression in patients with high myopia.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate prediction model for myopic macular degeneration (MMD) progression in patients with high myopia.
METHODS
The Zhongshan High Myopia Cohort for model development included 660 patients aged 7 to 70 years with a bilateral sphere of ≤-6.00 diopters (D). Two hundred twelve participants with an axial length (AL) ≥25.5 mm from the Chinese Ocular Imaging Project were used for external validation. Thirty-four clinical variables, including demographics, lifestyle, myopia history, and swept source optical coherence tomography data, were analyzed. Sequential forward selection was used for predictor selection, and binary classification models were created using five machine learning algorithms to forecast the risk of MMD progression over 10 years.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 133 patients (20.2%) showed MMD progression in the development cohort. Among them, 69 (51.9%) developed newly-onset MMD, 11 (8.3%) developed patchy atrophy from diffuse atrophy, 54 (40.6%) showed an enlargement of lesions, and 9 (6.8%) developed plus signs. Top six predictors for MMD progression included thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness, longer AL, worse best-corrected visual acuity, older age, female gender, and shallower anterior chamber depth. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm yielded the best discriminative performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.87 ± 0.02) with good calibration in the training cohort. In a less myopic external validation group (median -5.38 D), 48 patients (22.6%) developed MMD progression over 4 years, with the model's AUROC validated at 0.80 ± 0.008.
CONCLUSIONS
Machine learning model effectively predicts MMD progression a decade ahead using clinical and imaging indicators. This tool shows promise for identifying "at-risk" high myopes for timely intervention and vision protection.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Machine Learning; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Aged; Disease Progression; Algorithms; Adolescent; Child; Young Adult; Macular Degeneration; Myopia, Degenerative; Follow-Up Studies; Risk Factors; Forecasting; Risk Assessment; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38935031
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.40 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the...
BACKGROUND
Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the soft tissues. Thus, the perception of pain with three intraoral radiographic methods in children was evaluated using three subjective pain rating scales.
AIM
To evaluate the discomfort with three different techniques, that is, intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph, charge-coupled device (CCD), and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) luminescence (PSPL), using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), numerical rating scale, and visual analog scale (VAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sample of 35 children aged 6-12 years were divided into two groups: group 1 (6-8 years) and group 2 (9-12 years). For each child, simulations of the three radiological methods (IOPA, CCD, and PSPL) were performed. The meaning of each facial expression on the WBFPRS, VAS, and the numbers on the numerical rating scale was explained to each child before the procedure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired-samples t-test are used.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the CCD sensors elicited higher pain scores than those obtained with IOPA and PSPL, whereas the IOPA film showed the least pain score. Higher score values were obtained in group 1 than in group 2, indicating that children aged 6-8 years felt higher discomfort than the 9- to 12-year age group for the same procedure. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that conventional IOPA films were tolerated better by children when compared to PSP plates and CCD sensors.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pain Measurement; Male; Female; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Pain Perception; Radiography, Dental
PubMed: 38934750
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_78_23 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Jun 2024Sense digitalization, the process of transforming sensory experiences into digital data, is an emerging research frontier that links the physical world with human... (Review)
Review
Sense digitalization, the process of transforming sensory experiences into digital data, is an emerging research frontier that links the physical world with human perception and interaction. This field is largely inspired by the adaptability, fault tolerance, robustness, and energy efficiency inherent in biological senses, driving the development of numerous innovative digitalization techniques. Among these techniques, neuromorphic bioelectronics, characterized by biomimetic adaptability, stand out for their seamless bidirectional interactions with biological entities through stimulus-response and feedback loops, incorporating bio-neuromorphic intelligence for information exchange. This review illustrates recent progress in sensory digitalization, encompassing not only the digital representation of physical sensations such as touch, light, and temperature, correlating to tactile, visual, and thermal perceptions, but also the detection of biochemical stimuli such as gases, ions, and neurotransmitters, mirroring olfactory, gustatory, and neural processes. It thoroughly examines the material design, device manufacturing, and system integration, offering detailed insights. However, the field faces significant challenges, including the development of new device/system paradigms, forging genuine connections with biological systems, ensuring compatibility with the semiconductor industry, and overcoming the absence of standardization. Looking ahead, the ambition is to realize biocompatible neural prosthetics, exoskeletons, soft humanoid robots, and cybernetic devices that integrate smoothly with both biological tissues and artificial components, bridging the gap between organic and synthetic realms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PubMed: 38934554
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403444 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Jun 2024Some core knowledge may be rooted in - or even - well-characterized mechanisms of mid-level visual perception and attention. In the decades since it was first proposed,...
Some core knowledge may be rooted in - or even - well-characterized mechanisms of mid-level visual perception and attention. In the decades since it was first proposed, this possibility has inspired (and has been supported by) several discoveries in both infant cognition and adult perception, but it also faces several challenges. To what degree does reflect how babies and ?
Topics: Humans; Visual Perception; Attention; Infant; Cognition; Child Development; Knowledge
PubMed: 38934457
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23003023 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Jun 2024Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about...
Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about the world. Here, we suggest a complementary reason: Core knowledge is critical for learning not just about the external world, but about the mind itself.
Topics: Humans; Illusions; Learning; Knowledge; Visual Perception
PubMed: 38934449
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23003205 -
Indian Journal of Community Medicine :... 2024Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity, which affect particularly the upper quadrant in industrial settings and so upset the quality...
BACKGROUND
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity, which affect particularly the upper quadrant in industrial settings and so upset the quality of life (QoL). The influence of the protocol of exercise-based programs at the workplace on the well-being of the worker is contradictory. The objective of the study was to find the effect of the structured exercise-based intervention on upper quadrant dysfunction among fish processing workers with work-related MSDs.
METHODS
The intervention group (n = 91) participated in an individually tailored structured exercise-based intervention (SEBI) program for three months, which consisted of stretching, strengthening, and active exercises. The control group (n = 93) was instructed to continue routine daily activities. The outcome measures of the cluster-randomized controlled trial were Neck Disability Index (NDI), Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Short Form-36, used to evaluate at baseline, eighth, and twelfth week. The data were analyzed by repeated analysis of variance and Student's t-tests.
RESULTS
The results for the overall perception of upper quadrant dysfunction showed statistically significant differences ( < 0.0001) for NDI, DASH, and VAS. Further, we obtained a significant difference in QoL between the intervention and control groups for physical and psychological health sub-domains.
CONCLUSION
SEBI effectively enhanced the general health of fish processing workers by showing improvements in the measures of NDI, DASH, VAS, and QoL. Hence, SEBI can be recommended in the fish processing industries to achieve potential impact on upper quadrant dysfunction and improve the QoL.
PubMed: 38933785
DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_59_23 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Case... Sep 2024To present a case involving a rarely seen prototype posterior chamber phakic IOL (PC-pIOL) in a highly myopic patient with bilateral cataract.
PURPOSE
To present a case involving a rarely seen prototype posterior chamber phakic IOL (PC-pIOL) in a highly myopic patient with bilateral cataract.
OBSERVATIONS
A 64-year-old male presented to our clinic with poor vision in both eyes. Clinical examination revealed bilateral mature cataract, phacodonesis as well as a PC-pIOL implanted 35 years ago to address his high myopia. The visual acuity (VA) was 20/200 in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye. PC-pIOL extraction as well as 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and fragmentation surgery was scheduled for the right eye. The left eye was treated conservatively. Successful extraction of the PC-pIOL was performed while it was easy to remove. It was a bow-tie shaped lens with a collar-stud-like button in the middle which extended anteriorly into the anterior chamber through the pupil. PPV with lens fragmentation was successful and the patient was left aphakic in order to avoid the placement of a zero diopter IOL. Final best corrected VA was 20/25 one month post-surgery.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE
Removal of this rarely seen pIOL was performed without difficulty while excellent VA was achieved. Aphakia following complete vitrectomy represented a viable option in this case. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical manifestations associated with this IOL more than three decades after implantation.
PubMed: 38933452
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102086