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Medicine Jun 2024The aspartate to alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio indicates oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions related to the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR).... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The aspartate to alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio indicates oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions related to the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Currently, there are no reports on the correlation between AST/ALT ratio and DR. Hence, this study aimed to explore the relationship between AST/ALT ratio and DR. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Metabolic Management Center of the First People's Hospital in City. In total, 1365 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in the study, including 244 patients with DR and 1121 patients without DR. We collected the results of fundus photography, liver function, and other research data and grouped them according to tertiles of AST/ALT ratios. DR prevalence was the highest in the group with the highest AST/ALT ratio (22.12%, P = .004). Both univariate (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.51-3.34, P < .001) and multivariable logistic regression analyses (adjusted for confounding factors) showed that the risk of DR increased by 36% when the AST/ALT ratio increased by 1 standard deviation (SD) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.16-1.59, P < .001), and 29.3% was mediated by the duration of diabetes. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. This study showed that an increase in AST/ALT ratio is an independent risk factor for DR.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Retinopathy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aged; Prevalence; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38941365
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038583 -
Medicine Jun 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health issue owing to its widespread occurrence and substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Recent studies have...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health issue owing to its widespread occurrence and substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Recent studies have highlighted serum uric acid (SUA) level as a probable risk factor for CRC; however, the inconsistency in these findings has created doubt. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study utilizing extensive cohort data from the UK BioBank and the NHGRI-EBI Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Catalog to investigate the causal connection between SUA levels and CRC incidence. Our MR study addresses the constraints of earlier studies, including limited sample sizes and inconsistent results. Considering SUA levels as the exposure and CRC as the outcome, the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) approach in MR showed that the odds ratios (ORs) for CRC for each unit increase in SUA were 0.232 (95% confidence interval [CI] of OR 0.094-0.570; P = .001) and 0.551 (95% CI of OR 0.325-0.934; P = .027). Pleiotropic tests and sensitivity analysis confirmed minimal horizontal pleiotropy and the robustness of causality. Our research deepens the understanding of the association between SUA levels and CRC, offering insights into prevention strategies and patient outcomes prediction.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Uric Acid; Genome-Wide Association Study; Risk Factors; Male; Female; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Incidence; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 38941363
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038722 -
Medicine Jun 2024NHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is a novel lipid parameter. However, the association between NHHR and sleep...
NHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is a novel lipid parameter. However, the association between NHHR and sleep disorders remains unknown.; A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2016. The association between NHHR and sleep disorders was explored using weighted multivariate logistic regression and generalized summation models. Subgroup analyses were employed to verify the robustness of this association. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 25.83% in a total of 22,221 participants. Compared to the lowest quartile of NHHR, participants in the top quartile had a 14% higher odds of sleep disorders prevalence in fully adjusted model (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.23). After subgroup analyses and interaction tests, sex, race, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), person income ratio (PIR), alcohol consumption, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly associated with this positive association (P for interaction > 0.05). The NHHR is positively associated with sleep disorders in US adults. The management and monitoring of NHHR may have a potential role in improving sleep disorders.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Nutrition Surveys; United States; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sleep Wake Disorders; Middle Aged; Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38941362
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038748 -
PloS One 2024Evidence from in vitro and animal models has identified the pulmonary toxicity of flavors in electronic cigarettes (ECIGs); however, less is known from epidemiological...
Evidence from in vitro and animal models has identified the pulmonary toxicity of flavors in electronic cigarettes (ECIGs); however, less is known from epidemiological studies about the effects of flavors in the respiratory health. This study examined the longitudinal association between exposure to ECIGs flavors and nocturnal dry cough among ECIGs users. A secondary analysis of data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014-2019) was conducted. The study population included adults who provided information (n = 18,925) for a total of 38,638 observations. Weighted-incidence estimates and weighted- generalized estimating equation models were performed to assess unadjusted and adjusted associations. The weighted incidence proportion (WIP) of nocturnal dry cough was significantly higher among current (WIP:16.6%; 95%CI 10.5, 21.2) and former fruit flavored ECIGs users (WIP:16.6%; 95%CI 11.3, 21.9) as compared to non-ECIGs users (WIP:11.1%; 95%CI 10.6, 11.6). Current ECIGs users of fruit flavors showed 40% higher risk of reporting cough than non-ECIGs users (aRR:1.40, 95%CI 1.01, 1.94). Former ECIGs users of multiple flavors and other flavors had 300% and 66% higher risk to develop cough, respectively (aRR:3.33, 95%CI 1.51, 7.34 and aRR:1.66, 95%CI 1.0.9, 2.51), relative to non-ECIGs users. We observed a significantly higher risk of developing nocturnal dry cough in the past 12 months in current and former ECIGs users of fruit flavors and in former ECIGs users of multiple flavors. To the extent that cough may serve as an early indicator of respiratory inflammation and potential disease risk, the association between ECIGs use and cough raises potential concerns.
Topics: Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Cough; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Fruit; Flavoring Agents; Aged; Young Adult; Incidence
PubMed: 38941336
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306467 -
PloS One 2024Obesity is a high-morbidity chronic condition and risk factor for multiple diseases that necessitate imaging. This study assesses the relationship between BMI and...
OBJECTIVE
Obesity is a high-morbidity chronic condition and risk factor for multiple diseases that necessitate imaging. This study assesses the relationship between BMI and same-year utilization of CT and MR imaging in a large healthcare population.
METHODS
In this retrospective population-based study, all patients aged ≥18 years with a documented BMI in the multi-institutional Cosmos database were included. Cohorts were identified based on ≥1 documented BMI in 2021 within pre-defined ranges. For each cohort, we assessed the percentage of patients undergoing head, neck, chest, spine, or abdomen/pelvis CT and MR during the same year. Disease severity was quantified based on emergency department (ED) visits and mortality.
RESULTS
In our population of 49.6 million patients, same-year CT and MR utilization was 14.5 ±0.01% and 6.0±0.01%, respectively. The underweight cohort had the highest CT (25.8±0.1%) and MR (8.01 ± 0.05) imaging utilization. At high extremes of BMI (>50 kg/m2), CT utilization mildly increased (18.4±0.1%), but MR utilization decreased (5.3±0.04%). While morbidity differences may explain some BMI-utilization relationships, lower MR utilization in the BMI>50 cohort contrasts with higher age-adjusted mortality (1.8±0.03%) and ED utilization (32.4±0.1%) in this cohort relative to normal weight (1.5±0.01% and 25.7±0.02%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Underweight patients had disproportionately high CT/MR utilization, and high extremes of BMI are associated with mildly higher CT and lower MR utilization than the normal weight cohort. The elevated mortality and ED utilization in severely obese patients contrasts with their lower MR imaging utilization. Our findings may assist public health efforts to accommodate obesity trends.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Female; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Obesity; Aged; Emergency Service, Hospital; Morbidity
PubMed: 38941332
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306087 -
PloS One 2024The study of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a developing country like Thailand has rarely been conducted in long-term cohorts, especially among the working-age...
Metabolic and genetic risk factors associated with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Thai healthcare employees: A long-term study from the Siriraj Health (SIH) cohort study.
BACKGROUND
The study of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a developing country like Thailand has rarely been conducted in long-term cohorts, especially among the working-age population. We aim to assess the prevalence and incidence of risk factors and their associations underlying NCDs, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among healthcare workers enrolled in the Siriraj Health (SIH) study cohort.
METHODS
The SIH study was designed as a longitudinal cohort and conducted at Siriraj hospital, Thailand. A total of 5,011 participants (77% women) were recruited and follow-up. Physical examinations, blood biochemical analyses, family history assessments, behavior evaluations, and genetics factors were assessed.
RESULTS
The average age was 35.44±8.24 years and 51% of participants were overweight and obese. We observed that men were more likely to have a prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidemia (DLP) compared to women. Aging was significantly associated with pre-diabetes and T2DM (P<0.001). Additionally, aging, metabolic syndrome, and elevated triglycerides were associated with the development of pre-diabetes and T2DM. The minor T allele of the rs7903146(C/T) and rs4506565 (A/T) were associated with a high risk of developing pre-diabetes with odds ratios of 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-23.3) and 2.71 (95% CI: 0.32-23.07), respectively; however, these associations were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION
The findings of the SIH study provide a comprehensive understanding of the health status, risk factors, and genetic factors related to T2DM in a specific working population and highlight areas for further research and intervention to address the growing burden of T2DM and NCDs.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; Female; Thailand; Adult; Risk Factors; Health Personnel; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Longitudinal Studies; Prevalence; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Cohort Studies; Metabolic Syndrome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Southeast Asian People
PubMed: 38941315
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303085 -
PloS One 2024During the Omicron pandemic, clinical first-line nurses played a crucial role in healthcare. Their innovative behavior enhanced the quality of nursing and served as a...
Innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate among the Chinese clinical first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic: The mediating roles of self-transcendence.
BACKGROUND
During the Omicron pandemic, clinical first-line nurses played a crucial role in healthcare. Their innovative behavior enhanced the quality of nursing and served as a vital factor in driving the sustainable development of the nursing discipline and healthcare industry. Many previous studies have confirmed the significance of nurses' innovative behavior worldwide. However, the correlations among innovative behaviors, organizational innovation climate, self-transcendence, and their mediating roles in Chinese clinical first-line nurses need further research.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the quality reporting conformed to the STROBE Checklist. From March 2022 to February 2023, a convenience sample of 1,058 Chinese clinical first-line nurses was recruited from seven tertiary grade-A hospitals of Tianjin city in Northern China. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale (NIBS), Nurse Organizational Innovation Climate Scale, and the Self-Transcendence Scale were used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses.
RESULTS
The total scores of innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence were 33.19 ± 6.71, 68.88 ± 12.76, and 41.25 ± 7.83, respectively. Innovative behavior was positively correlated with the organizational innovation climate (r = 0.583, p < 0.01) and self-transcendence (r = 0.635, p < 0.01). Self-transcendence partially mediated mediating role between innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate, accounting for 41.7%.
CONCLUSION
The innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence among the first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic were relatively moderate, which needs improving. Organizational innovation climate can directly affect the innovative behavior among Chinese clinical first-line nurses and indirectly through the mediating role of self-transcendence. It is recommended that nursing managers adjust their management strategies and techniques based on the unique characteristics of nurses during the pandemic. This includes fostering a positive and inclusive environment for organizational innovation, nurturing nurses' motivation and awareness for innovation, enhancing their ability to gather information effectively, overcoming negative emotions resulting from the pandemic, and promoting personal growth. These efforts will ultimately enhance nursing quality and satisfaction during the Omicron pandemic.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Female; Male; Organizational Innovation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Pandemics; Nurses; SARS-CoV-2; Organizational Culture; Middle Aged; East Asian People
PubMed: 38941294
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306109 -
PloS One 2024Although infant deaths worldwide have reduced, many children die before their first birthday. Infant deaths are widespread in low-income countries, and information about...
BACKGROUND
Although infant deaths worldwide have reduced, many children die before their first birthday. Infant deaths are widespread in low-income countries, and information about the cause of death is limited. In Ethiopia, 53% of infants' deaths occurred in their neonatal period, and 174 infants' deaths occurred from 3684 births. Hence, this study aimed to assess mothers' experiences with infant death and its predictors in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A total of 1730 weighted samples of mothers from the 2019 EDHS dataset, which was collected across the regions of Ethiopia, were included for analysis. A two-stage cluster sampling technique with a cross-sectional study design was used. All mothers whose children were under the age of 0-12 months were included in this study. Six count regression models were considered and compared using Akaike's information criteria and Bayesian information criterion with STATA version 15 software. The strength of the association between the number of infant deaths and possible predictors was determined at a P-value less than 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. The findings were interpreted by using the incident rate ratio.
RESULTS
A total of 46.3% of mothers had lost at least one infant by death in the last five years before the 2019 EDHS survey was held. The mean and variance of infant deaths were 2.55 and 5.58, respectively. The histogram was extremely picked at the beginning, indicating that a large number of mothers did not lose their infants by death, and that shows the data had positive skewness. Mothers under 25-29 years of age (IRR: 1.75, 95% CI:1.48, 2.24), and 30-34 years of age (IRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.82), Somali (IRR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.57), Gambela (IRR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.61), and Harari (IRR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.63) regions, rural resident mothers (IRR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.91, and Protestant (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.96), and Muslim (IRR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.62) religion fellow of mothers were associated with a high risk of infants' deaths. Whereas, being rich IRR: 0.37, 95% CI: .27, .81) and adequate ANC visits (IRR: 0.28, 95% CI: .25, .83) were associated with a low risk of infant death.
CONCLUSION
Many mothers have experienced infant deaths, and the majority of infants' deaths occur after the first month of birth. Encouraging mothers to attend antenatal care visits, creating mothers' awareness about childcare, and ensuring equal health services distribution and utilization to rural residents are essential to minimize infant death. Educating lower-aged reproductive mothers would be a necessary intervention to prevent and control infant deaths.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Mothers; Female; Infant; Adult; Infant, Newborn; Cross-Sectional Studies; Infant Mortality; Young Adult; Adolescent; Infant Death; Male; Rural Population; Bayes Theorem
PubMed: 38941290
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303358 -
PloS One 2024Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiologic data on seroprevalence, viremia prevalence and...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiologic data on seroprevalence, viremia prevalence and risk factors remain limited in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, HCV-related deaths are estimated to have increased since 2015. Risk factors associated with HCV infection in Ghana are not well described. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection in the Upper East Region located in the northern part of Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 communities in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 1,769 participants aged ≥12 years were screened for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) using rapid diagnostic testing (RDT). Seventy-four participants undertook HCV RNA testing after a positive anti-HCV result. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with HCV seropositivity. The anti-HCV prevalence was 8.4%, with 149 out of 1,769 testing anti-HCV positive. Mean age (±SD) of seropositive persons was 45.4 (±16.3) years. The highest anti-HCV seroprevalence was amongst persons aged 60 years and above. Forty-four out of 74 (59.5%) seropositive cases had viremic infection and the estimated viremic prevalence in the screened population was 5.0%. Predictors of HCV seropositivity were age (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.01-1.04), history of female genital mutilation or circumcision (OR 1.63 95% CI 1.04-2.55), sexual activity (OR 2.57 95% CI 1.38-4.79), positive maternal HCV status (OR 10.38 95% CI 4.13-26.05) and positive HIV status (OR 4.03 95% CI 1.35-12.05). In conclusion, the Upper East Region demonstrates a high Hepatitis C antibody prevalence. Almost 60% of individuals have viremic infection, however the cost of RNA testing is a barrier to virological diagnosis. There is a need to educate the population about HCV-associated risk factors to reduce HCV transmission and burden of disease.
Topics: Humans; Ghana; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Adult; Hepatitis C; Prevalence; Hepacivirus; Young Adult; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Adolescent; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Aged; Child
PubMed: 38941280
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306292 -
Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias... Jun 2024Introducción: La exposición nutricional se considera la principal exposición ambiental que contribuye a la formación de cálculos biliares. El objetivo de este...
Introducción: La exposición nutricional se considera la principal exposición ambiental que contribuye a la formación de cálculos biliares. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el patrón de consumo alimentario de casos y controles de EC y estimar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad según los distintos patrones constituidos. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico retrospectivo transversal de casos y controles, anidado a un estudio de prevalencia realizado en Rosario. Todos los participantes fueron entrevistados personalmente. El consumo de alimentos se consignó a través de un cuestionario semi-cuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo. Para determinar patrones de consumo alimentario se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, y análisis de regresión logística múltiple para evaluar riesgos. Resultados: La muestra quedó conformada por 51 casos y 69 controles. Se determinaron dos componentes que permitían diferenciar los casos de los controles, a través de las cuales se establecieron 2 patrones de consumo. Los casos se caracterizaron por un consumo determinado por el Patrón Poco saludable (altas ingestas de grasas animales, azúcar, cereales, granos, fiambres y embutidos) y los controles por el consumo del patrón Saludable (altas ingestas de pollo sin piel, frutas secas, carne vacuna magra, frutas, lácteos enteros). El patrón Poco saludable, aumentó el riesgo de desarrollar EC mientras que el patrón Saludable, se comportó como protector. Conclusión principal: Los patrones constituidos diferencian los casos de los controles, y la ingesta propia de los casos se correlaciona con un perfil de consumo que caracteriza a las culturas occidentales modernas y urbanas.
Topics: Humans; Argentina; Female; Male; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Adult; Risk Factors; Feeding Behavior; Retrospective Studies; Cholelithiasis; Aged; Diet; Prevalence
PubMed: 38941231
DOI: 10.31053/1853.0605.v81.n2.36961