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Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vitamin D Deficiency; Cardiovascular System; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38896587
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20240189 -
Nutritional Neuroscience Jun 2024Vitamin D is involved in several processes related to the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. There is a possible link between maternal vitamin D status in...
AIM
Vitamin D is involved in several processes related to the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. There is a possible link between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and delayed neurocognitive development in the offspring. The aim of the study was to explore the association of maternal and cord blood vitamin D levels with infants' neurodevelopment at 6 and 9 months of age.
METHODOLOGY
A cohort study was conducted in western Rajasthan, India. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected at the time of delivery. Serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were measured in both. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed at 6 and 9 months of age in six domains namely cognitive, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor, gross motor and social-emotional using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development- III (BSID-III).
RESULTS
A total of 175 mother-child pairs were enrolled. Among the mothers taking part in this study, 7.3% had deficient and 59.09% had insufficient levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D during the third trimester of their pregnancy. Maternal and cord blood serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were 18.86 ± 8.53 ng/mL and 17.39 ± 8.87 ng/mL, respectively, and there was a significant correlation (r = 0.9778, = 0.000) between levels of vitamin D. Based on the repeated measures ANOVA, post hoc Tukey's HSD test, maternal vitamin D levels had a significant relationship ( = 0.047) to the cognitive development of infants at 6 months of age. Furthermore, cord serum vitamin D levels showed a significant association ( = 0.023 and = 0.010) with the social-emotional development of the infant at the age of 6 and 9 months.
CONCLUSION
Maternal and cord serum 25-OH vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with the cognitive and social-emotional development of infants.
PubMed: 38896552
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2024.2366649 -
International Journal of Chronic... 2024Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and mortality. Low vitamin D status is also more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls and has been related to lower lung function, muscle atrophy and impaired musculoskeletal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and status with body composition (BC), as well as with its changes over time.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with COPD and controls without COPD, participating in the Individualized COPD Evaluation in relation to Ageing (ICE-Age) study, a prospective observational study, were included. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at baseline and BC was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, at baseline and after two years of follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and longitudinal changes in BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mas index (FMI) and bone mineral density (BMD).
RESULTS
A total of 192 patients with COPD (57% males, mean ± SD age, 62 ± 7, FEV1, 49 ± 16% predicted) and 199 controls (45% males, mean ± SD age 61 ± 7) were included in this study. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with COPD (64 ± 26 nmol/L, 95% CI 60-68 nmol/L versus 75 ± 25 nmol/L, 95% CI 72-79 nmol/L) compared to controls. Both patients and controls presented a significant decline in FFMI and T-score hip, but vitamin D level or status did not determine differences in BC or changes in BC over time in either COPD or controls.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D status was not associated with BC or longitudinal changes in BC. However, vitamin D insufficiency and low BMD were more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Vitamin D; Aged; Bone Density; Vitamin D Deficiency; Body Composition; Absorptiometry, Photon; Time Factors; Lung; Case-Control Studies; Biomarkers; Longitudinal Studies; Linear Models; Risk Factors; Forced Expiratory Volume; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38895044
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S458102 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders, with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are probably involved. Celiac disease (CeD) also represents a public concern, given its increasing prevalence due to the recent improvement of screening programs, leading to the detection of silent subtypes. The two conditions may be closely associated due to common risk factors, including genetic setting, changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and deficiency of nutrients like vitamin D. This comprehensive review discussed the current evidence on the pivotal role of vitamin D in modulating both gut microbiota dysbiosis and immune system dysfunction, shedding light on the possible relevance of an adequate intake of this nutrient in the primary prevention of AITD and CeD. While future technology-based strategies for proper vitamin D supplementation could be attractive in the context of personalized medicine, several issues remain to be defined, including standardized assays for vitamin D determination, timely recommendations on vitamin D intake for immune system functioning, and longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials to definitely establish a causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of AITD and CeD.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Humans; Vitamin D; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Vitamin D Deficiency; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune; Dysbiosis; Dietary Supplements; Autoimmune Diseases; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 38892695
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111762 -
Nutrients Jun 2024We assessed the long-term (24 months) efficacy and safety of monthly calcifediol (0.266 mg) in the correction and maintenance of total 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal...
BACKGROUND
We assessed the long-term (24 months) efficacy and safety of monthly calcifediol (0.266 mg) in the correction and maintenance of total 25(OH)D levels in postmenopausal women with basal values <30 ng/mL.
METHODS
We initially enrolled 45 consecutive patients during the period September 2019-September 2020. After an initial visit, patients were instructed to return at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months for measuring serum total 25(OH)D, ionised calcium, creatinine and isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (bALP). Here, we report only the per-protocol analysis, because the COVID-19 pandemic precluded adherence to the scheduled visits for some patients.
RESULTS
The patients' mean age was 62.4 ± 9.0 years. Mean basal 25(OH)D levels were 20.5 ± 5.3 ng/mL. There was a continuous increase of mean 25(OH)D values ( for trend < 0.001). However, mean values at month 24 (36.7 ± 15.9) were not significantly different in respect to values at month 12 (41.2 ± 11.18). At 24 months, only 1 out 19 patients had a value <20 ng/mL. There was a significant decrease with time of mean values of bALP ( < 0.0216), with no significant changes between 12 and 24 months. No significant changes were observed as far as ionised calcium or creatinine were concerned.
CONCLUSIONS
The long-term administration of calcifediol maintains stable and sustained 25(OH)D concentrations, with no safety concerns.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Aged; Calcifediol; Vitamin D Deficiency; Calcium; COVID-19; Vitamin D; Creatinine; Alkaline Phosphatase; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38892687
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111754 -
Nutrients May 2024Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many physiological processes. Oral and skin-derived vitamin D is hydroxylated to form... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many physiological processes. Oral and skin-derived vitamin D is hydroxylated to form calcifediol (25(OH)D) in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)D (calcitriol) in the kidney. Alongside the parathyroid hormone, calcitriol regulates neuro-musculoskeletal activities by tightly controlling blood-ionized calcium concentrations through intestinal calcium absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, and skeletal mineralization. Beyond its classical roles, evidence underscores the impact of vitamin D on the prevention and reduction of the severity of diverse conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infection, and cancer. Peripheral target cells, like immune cells, obtain vitamin D and 25(OH)D through concentration-dependent diffusion from the circulation. Calcitriol is synthesized intracellularly in these cells from these precursors, which is crucial for their protective physiological actions. Its deficiency exacerbates inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders and infections; deficiency also causes premature deaths. Thus, maintaining optimal serum levels above 40 ng/mL is vital for health and disease prevention. However, achieving it requires several times more than the government's recommended vitamin D doses. Despite extensive published research, recommended daily intake and therapeutic serum 25(OH)D concentrations have lagged and are outdated, preventing people from benefiting. Evidence suggests that maintaining the 25(OH)D concentrations above 40 ng/mL with a range of 40-80 ng/mL in the population is optimal for disease prevention and reducing morbidities and mortality without adverse effects. The recommendation for individuals is to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) for optimal clinical outcomes. Insights from metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics offer promise for better clinical outcomes from vitamin D sufficiency. Given its broader positive impact on human health with minimal cost and little adverse effects, proactively integrating vitamin D assessment and supplementation into clinical practice promises significant benefits, including reduced healthcare costs. This review synthesized recent novel findings related to the physiology of vitamin D that have significant implications for disease prevention.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 38892599
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111666 -
Nutrients May 2024Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation and subsequent higher 25(OH)D serum levels could protect against respiratory infections in children. This...
Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation and subsequent higher 25(OH)D serum levels could protect against respiratory infections in children. This cross-sectional study, conducted from May 2022 to December 2023 in Timisoara, Romania, aimed to evaluate the potential influence of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of respiratory infections among preschool-age children. This study examined 215 children over 18 months who were split into a group of patients with recurrent respiratory infections ( = 141) and another group of patients with only one respiratory tract infection in the past 12 months ( = 74). Patients were evaluated based on their serum vitamin D levels 25(OH)D, demographic characteristics, and health outcomes. The study identified that preschool-age children with recurrent infections had significantly lower mean vitamin D concentrations (24.5 ng/mL) compared to the control group (29.7 ng/mL, < 0.001). Additionally, a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency was observed among children with recurrent infections in the past 12 months. Notably, vitamin D supplementation above 600 IU/week significantly reduced the likelihood of respiratory infections, evidenced by an odds ratio of 0.523 ( < 0.001), indicating that preschool-age children receiving a dose of vitamin D higher than 600 IU/week were about half as likely to experience respiratory infections compared to those who did not. Furthermore, no significant associations were found between sun exposure, daily sunscreen use, and the incidence of respiratory infections. Conclusively, this study underscores the potential role of vitamin D in helping the immune system against respiratory infections in preschool-age children. The observed protective effect of vitamin D supplementation suggests a potential public health strategy to mitigate the incidence of respiratory infections in preschool children on top of the already known benefits.
Topics: Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Child, Preschool; Vitamin D; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Incidence; Romania; Infant; Recurrence
PubMed: 38892528
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111595 -
Nutrients May 2024Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) significantly influences endothelial function. This study assessed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and endothelial...
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) significantly influences endothelial function. This study assessed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and endothelial function using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fasting blood samples from 102 T2DM participants and VRI were assessed. Patients were divided into three categories based on VRI: low (VRI < 1.0), intermediate (1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0), and good (VRI ≥ 2.0). Among these patients, 30 (29.4%) had poor, 39 (38.2%) had intermediate, and 33 (32.4%) exhibited good vascular reactivity. Higher serum fasting glucose ( = 0.019), glycated hemoglobin ( = 0.009), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ( = 0.006) were associated, while lower prevalence of hypertension ( = 0.029), lower systolic blood pressure ( = 0.027), lower diastolic blood pressure ( < 0.001), and lower circulation 25(OH)D levels ( < 0.001) were associated with poor vascular reactivity. Significant independent associations between diastolic blood pressure ( = 0.002) and serum 25(OH)D level ( < 0.001) and VRI were seen in T2DM patients according to multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis. Serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with VRI values, and lower levels of serum 25(OH)D were linked to endothelial dysfunction in T2DM patients.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Vitamin D; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Endothelium, Vascular; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Blood Glucose; Vitamin D Deficiency; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hypertension
PubMed: 38892508
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111575 -
Nutrients May 2024(1) Background: This study examines vitamin D's impact on dental caries to inform prevention strategies, given its critical role in bone and calcium regulation, vital...
(1) Background: This study examines vitamin D's impact on dental caries to inform prevention strategies, given its critical role in bone and calcium regulation, vital for dental health. (2) Methods: Data from 18,683 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 were analyzed. NHANES collects U.S. population data through interviews, physical exams, and tests, including vitamin D levels and dental health assessed using both the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the presence of untreated dental caries. Vitamin D levels were measured according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations, and the analyses adjusted for confounders such as body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests, as well as logistic and Poisson regression. (3) Results: This study found a mean DMFT score of 7.36 and a 33.2% prevalence of untreated dental caries. A higher caries prevalence was correlated with a lower SES ( < 0.001), the male gender ( < 0.001), and a higher BMI ( < 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) doubled the risk of dental caries, with odds ratios of 2.261 and 1.953 after adjusting for demographic factors and BMI. (4) Conclusions: Our study confirms a significant relationship between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of dental caries nationwide, even after accounting for sociodemographic factors, emphasizing the importance of maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels for preventing caries.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Male; Vitamin D; Female; United States; Retrospective Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Nutrition Surveys; Adult; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Young Adult; Body Mass Index; Adolescent; Aged; Child; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38892506
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111572 -
Nutrients May 2024Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, particularly in old age, when people are at the highest risk of the negative adverse consequences of hypovitaminosis D.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, particularly in old age, when people are at the highest risk of the negative adverse consequences of hypovitaminosis D. Additionally to the recognized functions in the regulation of calcium absorption, bone remodeling, and bone growth, vitamin D plays a key role as a hormone, which is supported by various enzymatic, physiological, metabolic, and pathophysiological processes related to various human organs and systems. Accruing evidence supports that vitamin D plays a key role in pancreatic islet dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. From an epidemiological viewpoint, numerous studies suggest that the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes in humans may be linked to the global trend of prevalent vitamin D insufficiency. In the past, this association has raised discussions due to the equivocal results, which lately have been more convincing of the true role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes. Most meta-analyses evaluating this role have been conducted in adults or young older persons (50-60 years old), with only one focusing on older populations, even if this is the population at greater risk of both hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we conducted an update of the previous systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether hypovitaminosis D (low serum 25OHD levels) can predict incident diabetes in prospective longitudinal studies among older adults. We found that low 25OHD was associated with incident diabetes in older adults even after adjusting for several relevant potential confounders, confirming and updating the results of the only previous meta-analysis conducted in 2017.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Aged; Incidence; Risk Factors; Middle Aged; Male; Female
PubMed: 38892495
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111561