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Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Vitiligo, a condition characterized by depigmented skin, has been observed to have a higher incidence in patients with a family history of the disease. This study...
BACKGROUND
Vitiligo, a condition characterized by depigmented skin, has been observed to have a higher incidence in patients with a family history of the disease. This study investigates the relationship between parental consanguinity, family medical history, and the onset of childhood vitiligo, hypothesizing that genetic factors play a significant role.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 382 people diagnosed with vitiligo in Saudi Arabia. The study assessed the prevalence of parental consanguinity and its correlation with the disease's onset, employing statistical analysis to evaluate the data collected through medical records and family history questionnaires.
RESULTS
The findings reveal a significant association between parental consanguinity, particularly among first cousins, and the incidence of childhood-onset vitiligo. Additionally, a notable correlation was found between family medical history and the onset of the condition, with familial vitiligo being more prevalent in patients with adult-onset vitiligo.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the critical role of genetic predispositions in the development of childhood-onset vitiligo, highlighting the influence of parental consanguinity. The results advocate for increased awareness and screening in populations with high rates of consanguinity to facilitate early detection and management of vitiligo. Future research should focus on exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying this association to develop targeted interventions.
PubMed: 38919171
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S470937 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Contemporary treatment of vitiligo remains a great challenge to practitioners. The vast majority of currently conducted clinical trials of modern therapeutic methods are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Contemporary treatment of vitiligo remains a great challenge to practitioners. The vast majority of currently conducted clinical trials of modern therapeutic methods are focused on systemic medications, while there is only a very limited number of reports on new topical treatment in vitiligo. With their pleiotropic activities statins turned out to be efficient in the treatment of various autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorders. The randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of topical administration of the active forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin has been designed to evaluate their efficacy in patients with vitiligo. The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT03247400, date of registration: 11th August 2017). A total of 24 patients with the active form of non-segmental vitiligo were enrolled in the study. The change of absolute area of skin lesions, body surface area and vitiligo area scoring index were evaluated throughout the 12 week application of ointments containing simvastatin and atorvastatin. Measurements were performed with planimetry and processed using digital software. Use of active forms of simvastatin and atorvastatin did not result in a significant repigmentation of the skin lesions throughout the study period. Within the limbs treated with topical simvastatin, inhibition of disease progression was significantly more frequent than in the case of placebo (p = 0.004), while the difference was not statistically significant for atorvastatin (p = 0.082). Further studies of topical simvastatin in vitiligo patients should be considered.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Atorvastatin; Simvastatin; Male; Female; Double-Blind Method; Adult; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Administration, Topical; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Adolescent
PubMed: 38918590
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65722-w -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Visual assessment, while the primary method for pigmentation and erythema evaluation in clinical practice, is subjective, time-consuming, and may lead to variability in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Visual assessment, while the primary method for pigmentation and erythema evaluation in clinical practice, is subjective, time-consuming, and may lead to variability in observations among clinicians. Objective and quantitative techniques are required for a precise evaluation of the disease's severity and the treatment's efficacy. This research examines the precision and utility of a newly developed skin imaging system in assessing pigmentation and erythema. Sixty participants were recruited, and their facial images were analyzed with the new OBSERV 520 x skin imaging system, compared to DERMACATCH for regional analysis and VISIA for full-face examination. The degree of skin pigmentation was clinically graded using the MASI scores evaluated by dermatologists. The data revealed positive correlations between the novel skin imaging system and the two conventional instruments in quantifying pigmentation and erythema, whether in regional or full-face analysis. Furthermore, the new skin imaging system positively correlated with the clinical MASI scores (r = 0.4314, P < 0.01). In contrast, our study found no significant correlation between the traditional system and clinical assessment, indicating a more substantial capacity for hyperpigmentation assessment in the new system. Our study validates the innovative skin imaging system's accuracy in evaluating pigmentation and erythema, demonstrating its feasibility for quantitative evaluation in both clinical and research purposes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Erythema; Face; Middle Aged; Skin Pigmentation; Skin; Young Adult; Inflammation; Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Hyperpigmentation
PubMed: 38918427
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63274-7 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jun 2024Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) such as psoriasis and vitiligo, in addition to causing visible skin symptoms, are closely associated with psychological health issues. However, a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of these psychological comorbidities in affected individuals is lacking. This study aims to identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation in people with ASDs.
METHOD
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted from 1993 to May 2024. Observational studies reporting prevalence data for anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation among people with ASDs were included in the analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.
RESULTS
The study included 114 studies from 37 countries including 823,975 participants. The estimated pooled prevalence of anxiety in patients with ASDs was 33.3% (95% CI: 27.3-29.3%). The estimated pooled prevalence of depression was 33.7% (95% CI: 29.2-38.1%). The estimated pooled prevalence of sleeping problems was 45.0% (95% CI:31.6-58.4%). The estimated pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment and suicidal ideation was 30.8% (95% CI:15.0-46.7%) and 21.6% (95% CI:13.4-29.8%), respectively. The most common mental disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems at 55.9% (95% CI: 35.6-76.1%, I = 97%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.1-56.9%, I = 99%).
CONCLUSION
Among patients with ASDs, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, cognitive impairment, and suicidal ideation were common. The most prevalent mental disorder among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis was sleeping problems. Those with ASDs may experience considerable psychological burdens, and integrated mental health support is necessary for their treatment.
PubMed: 38917722
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.024 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Skin Pigmentation; Dermoscopy; Female; Adult; Male; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Treatment Outcome; Child; Skin
PubMed: 38916667
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03170-2 -
Melanoma Research Jul 2024Several studies have demonstrated that patients who experience immune-related adverse events (irAE) as a result of immunotherapy treatment, exhibit significantly...
Several studies have demonstrated that patients who experience immune-related adverse events (irAE) as a result of immunotherapy treatment, exhibit significantly improved outcomes compared to patients without toxicity. Data regarding the impact of specific irAE is, however, currently lacking. This is a real-world single-site cohort of 415 advanced melanoma patients who were treated with immunotherapy as first-line between 2014 and 2020, with a median follow-up of 24.5 months. The most frequent irAEs were cutaneous (classified as non-vitiligo, n = 110, 26.5% and vitiligo, n = 48, 11.6%), rheumatologic ( n = 68, 16.4%), gastrointestinal ( n = 66, 15.9%), endocrine ( n = 61, 14.7%), and hepatitis ( n = 50, 12%). Specific irAE that were significantly associated with survival benefit were rheumatologic (hazard ratio 0.34 for PFS, P < 0.001; hazard ratio 0.38 for OS, P < 0.001), non-vitiligo cutaneous (hazard ratio 0.58 for PFS, P < 0.001; hazard ratio 0.54 for OS, P = 0.001), vitiligo (hazard ratio 0.30 for PFS, P < 0.001; hazard ratio 0.29 for OS, P < 0.001), and endocrine (hazard ratio 0.6 for PFS, P = 0.01; hazard ratio 0.52 for OS, P < 0.001). Other types if irAEs, such as colitis, hepatitis and others - do not present this correlation. . The occurrence of these specific irAEs may reflect a hyperactivated immune response and thus can serve as meaningful clinical biomarkers.
PubMed: 38913412
DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000985 -
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Jun 2024Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple... (Review)
Review
Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organ systems. The high prevalence of autoimmune disease, in conjunction with other inflammatory and infectious diseases, in this population suggests an intrinsic immune dysregulation associated with triplication of chromosome 21. Emerging data on the role of chromosome 21 in interferon activation, cytokine production, and activation of B-cell mediated autoimmunity are emerging hypotheses that may explain the elevated prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, type I diabetes, autoimmune skin disease, and a variety of autoimmune neurologic conditions. As the life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome increases, knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, management and underlying causes of these conditions will become increasingly important. Disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis are prevalent in between 13 and 34% of individuals with Down syndrome but only 3% of the neurotypical population, a pattern similarly recognized in individuals with Celiac Disease (5.8% v 0.5-2%), alopecia areata (27.7% v. 2%), and vitiligo (4.4% v. 0.05-1.55%), respectively. Given the chronicity of autoimmune conditions, early identification and management can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome. This comprehensive review will highlight common clinical autoimmune conditions observed in individuals with Down syndrome and explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of disease in this population.
PubMed: 38913142
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2024Precise evaluation of repigmentation in vitiligo patients is crucial for monitoring treatment efficacy and enhancing patient satisfaction. This study aimed to develop a...
Precise evaluation of repigmentation in vitiligo patients is crucial for monitoring treatment efficacy and enhancing patient satisfaction. This study aimed to develop a computer-aided system for assessing repigmentation rates in vitiligo patients, providing valuable insights for clinical practice. A retrospective study was conducted at the Dermatology Department of Shenzhen People's Hospital between June 2019 and November 2022. Pre- and post-treatment images of vitiligo lesions under Wood's lamp were collected, involving 833 participants stratified by sex, age, and pigmentation patterns. Our results demonstrated that the 'marginal' pigmentation pattern exhibited a higher repigmentation rate of 72% compared to the 'central non-follicular' pattern at 45%. Males had a slightly higher average repigmentation rate of 0.37 in comparison to females at 0.33. Among age groups, individuals aged 0-20 years showed the highest average repigmentation rate at 0.41, while the oldest age group (61-80 years) displayed the lowest rate at 0.25. Analysis of multiple visits identified the 'marginal' pattern as the most prevalent (60%), with a mean repigmentation rate of 40%. This study introduced a computational system for evaluating vitiligo repigmentation rates, enhancing our comprehension of patient responses, ultimately contributing to enhanced clinical care.
PubMed: 38909840
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.016 -
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD Apr 2024As recent sporadic case reports of newly developed vitiligo after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination have been -published, a convincing large-scale study addressing...
As recent sporadic case reports of newly developed vitiligo after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination have been -published, a convincing large-scale study addressing this association is warranted. To investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination and vitiligo using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited. In studies 1 and 2, control groups were selected based on 1:1 propensity score matching with vaccinated and SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, respectively. The occurrence of vitiligo was the main outcome. Each individual was monitored for six months. The hazard ratio (HR) for vitiligo was calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. In study 1, the incidence of vitiligo in the vaccination group was 2.22-fold higher than that in the non-vaccination group (adjusted HR [aHR]: 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-3.19). Rheumatoid arthritis was a risk factor for vitiligo (aHR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.12-3.54). Conversely, two factors associated with decreased incidence of vitiligo were male sex (aHR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.40-0.82) and rural residency (aHR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.96). In study 2, the incidence of newly-diagnosed vitiligo was not significantly different between SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and uninfected controls (aHR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.51-1.78). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may increase the risk of developing vitiligo in South Korea, although additional studies in other countries or with extended periods are needed. Clinicians should be aware of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on autoimmune skin diseases, including vitiligo.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Male; COVID-19; Female; Republic of Korea; Adult; Middle Aged; COVID-19 Vaccines; Incidence; Risk Factors; Cohort Studies; Aged; Sex Factors; Young Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Proportional Hazards Models; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38907545
DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4646 -
Cureus May 2024Radiation-induced hypopigmentation resulting in a skin condition similar to vitiligo is evident in limited studies. In contrast to the typical Koebner phenomenon where...
Radiation-induced hypopigmentation resulting in a skin condition similar to vitiligo is evident in limited studies. In contrast to the typical Koebner phenomenon where new lesions develop at the site of injury, the trauma-induced disappearance of a specific rash in a patient with an already-developed skin disease is seen very rarely. This phenomenon is called "reverse Koebnerization" or "Koebner non-reaction." Herein, we submit a case of a 51-year-old female with already-developed vitiligo who came for treatment for carcinoma of the tongue with radiation therapy. Later, after the treatment, the patient developed a re-pigmentation of her skin.
PubMed: 38903331
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60771