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Scientific Reports Apr 2024Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a persistent public health threat worldwide, particularly among women in low-income countries of Africa, including Ethiopia,...
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a persistent public health threat worldwide, particularly among women in low-income countries of Africa, including Ethiopia, where drug resistance is also a growing problem. It is crucial to address this problem to ensure women's health and well-being. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a cohort of 398 women of reproductive age who sought medical attention at the Gynecology Department of the Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia, from January to June 2020. They were chosen through systematic random sampling, and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collection of vaginal and/or cervical swabs were done to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV) using Nugent and AV score analyses, respectively. The swabs were subjected to standard microbiological culture techniques to detect the isolates causing AV and vaginal candidiasis (VC). The susceptibility profiles of the causative agents of AV were checked by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were also done. Aerobic vaginitis was the predominantly diagnosed RTI (n = 122, 30.7%), followed by BV (n = 117, 29.4%) and VC (n = 111, 27.9%). The prominent bacteria of AV were Escherichia coli (n = 36, 34.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 30, 28.5%). The overall rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 65.71% (n = 69). History of abortion (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.1, 7.7) and the habit of using vaginal pH-altering contraceptives (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.5, 8.8) have the greatest odds of RTI. The high prevalence of RTIs in our study warrants an urgent intervention to minimize the associated morbidities and complications. The overall rate of MDR bacterial isolates necessitates the implementation of an effective surveillance program in the study setting.
Topics: Humans; Female; Ethiopia; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Young Adult; Adolescent; Vagina; Middle Aged; Vaginitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Aerobic; Prevalence
PubMed: 38684716
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58654-y -
Open Veterinary Journal Mar 2024Diagnosing ovarian tumors in dogs can be challenging since the clinical symptoms are often generic. The present case report underscores a rare case in which a suspected...
BACKGROUND
Diagnosing ovarian tumors in dogs can be challenging since the clinical symptoms are often generic. The present case report underscores a rare case in which a suspected unilateral ovarian tumor in a dog was initially identified using ultrasonography and subsequently confirmed to be a luteoma through postoperative histopathology.
CASE DESCRIPTION
An 8-year and 6-month-old female Maltese dog presented with a 10-day history of vulvovaginal bleeding, hematuria, and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed only vaginal bleeding, with no other abnormalities. Laboratory examinations showed no abnormalities, while abdominal radiography revealed the presence of cystic calculi as the sole abnormality. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an enlarged right ovary with regular contour and echogenicity, featuring unusual cystic components surrounding the right ovarian parenchyma. Furthermore, irregular thickening with multiple cystic lesions was observed in the endometrial wall of the bilateral uterine horns, indicative of cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Ultrasonographic findings suggested unilateral right ovarian disease. During ovariohysterectomy, the right ovary was slightly larger than the left ovary and adhered to the surrounding mesenteric fat layer and right pancreatic parenchyma. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of luteoma in the right ovary. Three days after surgery, the patient's clinical signs exhibited complete improvement, with the return of normal appetite.
CONCLUSION
This case report highlights a rare diagnosis of unilateral ovarian luteoma based on mild ultrasonographic abnormalities, which was ultimately confirmed on histopathological examination.
Topics: Female; Animals; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Luteoma; Ovariectomy
PubMed: 38682128
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i3.22 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373607.].
Corrigendum: Misleading clinical and imaging features in atypical aggressive angiomyxoma of the female vulvovaginal or perianal region: report of three cases and review of the literature.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373607.].
PubMed: 38680852
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1406876 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Apr 2024Due to the increasing demand for improving the morphology and function of the external genitalia amongst women, it is necessary to conduct statistical analysis of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Due to the increasing demand for improving the morphology and function of the external genitalia amongst women, it is necessary to conduct statistical analysis of research data on female genital reconstruction. The current study aimed to use bibliometric analysis to analyse the research hotspots and trend frontiers of the female genital reconstructive research.
METHODS
Publications on the female genital reconstructive research were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to establish visualisation maps and find top authors, institutions, countries, burst keywords, co-cited authors, journals, research hotspots, and trends.
RESULTS
A total of 2207 studies published by 364 different journals authored by 7479 researchers were contained in this study. In the co-authorship analysis, the bulk of the retrieved studies was conducted by the USA, followed by England, Italy, and Netherlands, whilst the most productive institution, journal, and author were U.S. Univ Calif San Francisco, Journal of Sexual Medicine, and Bouman Mark-Bram, respectively. In the co-cited analysis, the top most-cited author and journal were Hage JJ and Journal of Sexual Medicine, respectively. The map of keywords occurrence revealed the most active research aspects were focussed on "vaginoplasty", "feminised genitoplasty", "laser treatment of vaginal atrophy", "transsexualism", and "labiaplasty". The time overlay mapping showed that the study of female genital plastic surgery focusses on the energetic treatment of genitourinary syndromes caused by transsexualism and menopause, especially by using management and treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy for the research trends, and through the vaginoplasty, feminising genioplasty, and laser treatments in the direction of treatments related to physical and mental problems.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
This novel inclusive bibliometric analysis can help research workers to quickly understand the potential and active researchers, landmark studies, and topics within their interests. We are willing to provide more beneficial data to contribute valuable research of female genital plastic surgery through this study.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
The journal asks authors to assign a level of evidence to each article. For a complete description of Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, see the Table of Contents or the online Instructions for Authors at www.springer.com/00266 .
PubMed: 38671242
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03983-6 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jun 2024Vulvovaginal candidiasis, mostly caused by Candida albicans, remains a prevalent concern in women's health. Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), a plant native from Brazil,...
Vulvovaginal candidiasis, mostly caused by Candida albicans, remains a prevalent concern in women's health. Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), a plant native from Brazil, is well-known for its therapeutic potential, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This study presents an innovative hydrogel formulation containing the ethanolic extract from A. muricata leaves designed to control C. albicans in an in vivo model of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Here, we report the development, thermal, physicochemical and rheological characterization of a Carbopol®-based hydrogel containing A. muricata extract. Furthermore, we evaluated its activity in a vulvovaginal candidiasis in vivo model. Thermal analyses indicated that the addition of the extract increased the polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent interactions.Rheological analysis showed a decrease in the viscosity and elasticity of the formulation as the A. muricata extract concentration increased, suggesting a liquid-like behavior. After treatment with the Carbopol®-based hydrogel with A. muricata, our in vivo results showed a significant reduction in vulvovaginal fungal burden and infection, as well as a reduction in mucosal inflammation. The current research opens up possibilities for the application of the Carbopol®-based hydrogel with A. muricata as a natural therapeutic option for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Topics: Annona; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Antifungal Agents; Female; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Hydrogels; Candida albicans; Animals; Rheology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mice
PubMed: 38663311
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113919 -
Therapeutic Delivery Apr 2024Despite having current advanced therapy, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common yet debated healthcare-associated topic worldwide due to multi-drug resistance... (Review)
Review
Despite having current advanced therapy, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a common yet debated healthcare-associated topic worldwide due to multi-drug resistance species. In our review, we outlined and highlighted upcoming values with scope of existing and emerging information regarding the possibility of using various natural molecules combined with modern technology that shows promising anti-candida activity in VVC. Furthermore, in this review, we compiled herbal drug molecules and their nanocarriers approach for enhancing the efficacy and stability of herbal molecules. We have also summarized the patent literature available on herbal drug molecules and their nanoformulation techniques that could alternatively become a new innovative era to combat resistance VVC.
PubMed: 38651887
DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0133 -
International Journal of Women's... Jun 2024
PubMed: 38638164
DOI: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000146 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Apr 2024Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition without an identifiable cause. As such, it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and all other causes of vulvar pain should be excluded....
BACKGROUND
Vulvodynia is a chronic pain condition without an identifiable cause. As such, it is a diagnosis of exclusion, and all other causes of vulvar pain should be excluded. Although a standard treatment for vulvodynia has not been established yet, multidisciplinary care programs appear to be effective.
PUROPOSE
The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was to analyze the prevalence of vulvodynia among women referred to our institution for a suspected diagnosis and to evaluate the efficacy of a multidimensional treatment plan. The primary outcome was the prevalence of vulvodynia following differential diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included: prevalence of the differential diagnoses, symptom resolution rate following treatment, and the relation between persistence of symptoms and (a) patients' age; (b) coexisting chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs).
RESULTS
After having ruled out all other causes of vulvar pain, only 40.1% of women were considered as affected by vulvodynia. The most frequent differential diagnoses included lower genital tract infections (25.3%), vulvar lichen sclerosus (17.6%) and vulvovaginal atrophy (8.2%). Following a multidisciplinary care program, resolution of symptoms was observed in 13.6% cases, improvement in 64.3% and persistence in 21.9%. We did not find a statistically significant association between persistence of symptoms and age > 38 years (OR 2.10; p = 0.30). Women with one or more COPCs other than vulvodynia had a 75% increased risk of not obtaining a resolution of symptoms (OR 1.75; p = 0.44).
CONCLUSION
A thorough differential diagnosis and a multidisciplinary care program may represent a first way out of the muddle in the management of these patients.
PubMed: 38634899
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07496-0 -
Heliyon Apr 2024This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety associated with ibrexafungerp in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis infection patients.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety associated with ibrexafungerp in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis infection patients.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases up to December 25, 2022. The primary outcomes were clinical cure rate and mycological eradication rate, whereas the secondary outcomes were the risk of an adverse events.
RESULTS
In total of four studies encompassing 880 patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) were included in the analysis. The findings demonstrated that ibrexafungerp exhibited superior clinical cure ratio (RR = 1.33 [1.07, 1.66]), mycological eradication rate (RR = 1.72 [1.00, 2.95]), and overall success ratio (RR = 1.64 [0.92, 2.92]) when compared to the fluconazole/placebo in the treatment of VVC. Furthermore, patients treated with ibrexafungerp demonstrated significantly higher clinical cure rates, mycological eradication, and overall success ratio compared to those receiving other treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by . When ibrexafungerp was compared to fluconazole/placebo, the duration of any treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE), nausea, and diarrhea during therapy was significantly longer.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the use of ibrexafungerp was linked to superior clinical cure ratio, and mycological eradication when compared to fluconazole/placebo.
PubMed: 38628772
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28776 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024The aim of this study was to analyze the association between vaginal microbiota, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and histological findings of cervical intraepithelial...
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between vaginal microbiota, carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and histological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The study included 132 females, among them 66 were diagnosed with high-grade intraepithelial lesion (CIN2, CIN3, and cancer), 14 with low-grade disease, and 52 assigned to the control group. An interview focused on the behavior risk factors, together with vaginal fluid pH measurement, wet mount microscopy, detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis were performed. After colposcopy, high-grade abnormalities were detected via direct biopsies and treated with conization procedure. Conuses were immuno-stained with CAIX antibody. The histological findings were CIN1 (n = 14), and CIN2+ (included CIN2 (n = 10), CIN3 (n = 49), and cancer (n = 7; squamous cell carcinomas)). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) was similar between the groups. Moderate or severe aerobic vaginitis (msAV) was diagnosed more often among CIN2+ (53.0%) than CIN1 (21.4%). Moderate or strong immunostaining of CAIX (msCAIX) was not detected among CIN1 cases. Thus, msAV was prevalent in CAIX non-stained group (p = 0.049) among CIN2 patients. Co-location of msAV and msCAIX was found in CIN3. Regression model revealed that msAV associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia independently from smoking and the number of partners.
Topics: Female; Humans; Carbonic Anhydrase IX; Conization; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 38627429
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57427-x