-
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2024It has been a current research hospots using fingerprinting technology for quality control of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), which provides a scientific basis for...
BACKGROUND
It has been a current research hospots using fingerprinting technology for quality control of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), which provides a scientific basis for establishment of overall quality control in accordance with the characteristics of CHMs. The fingerprinting technology for CHMs is diverse, and the research field covers many disciplines, such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, biochemistry, and molecular biology.
PURPOSE
To effectively understand the key areas and future directions of research regarding the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs.
METHODS/RESULTS
this paper analyzed 879 articles in this field in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2000 to 2023 with CiteSpace and VOSviewer, and systematically assessed the research process, hotspots, topic distribution among disciplines, etc. The most prominent contributors of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research are mainly from China, India, the United States, England, and Brazil. The knowledge domains of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research focus mainly on the topics of molecular authentication, DNA barcoding, HPLC, near-infrared spectroscopy, manage data, chemometrics, and electrochemical fingerprinting. Most countries have recognized the pharmaceutical potential of natural products, and have paid more attention to the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs in the past decade. Future the research tends to focus more on molecular identification and authentication, and electrochemical and chromatographic fingerprinting in controlling the adulteration of CHMs.
CONCLUSION
This research provides a valuable reference for scholars in related fields to analyze existing research results, understand the development trend, and explore new research directions.
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Drug Contamination; Quality Control; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic
PubMed: 38728918
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155667 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of... (Review)
Review
This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite their advantages and developmental progress, major steps still have to be made before rapid systems can be broadly applied at crime scenes for full DNA profiling. Aspects in particular that need (further) improvement are portability, performance, the possibility to analyze a (wider) variety of (complex) forensic samples, and (cartridge) costs. Moreover, steps forward regarding ease-of-use and time-to-result will benefit the broader use of commercial rapid DNA systems. In fact, it would be a profit if rapid DNA systems could be used for full DNA profile generation as well as indicative analyses that can give direction to forensic investigators which will speed up investigations.
Topics: Forensic Genetics; Microsatellite Repeats; Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA
PubMed: 36772114
DOI: 10.3390/s23031075 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Collection and interpretation of "touch DNA" from crime scenes represent crucial steps during criminal investigations, with clear consequences in courtrooms. Although... (Review)
Review
Collection and interpretation of "touch DNA" from crime scenes represent crucial steps during criminal investigations, with clear consequences in courtrooms. Although the main aspects of this type of evidence have been extensively studied, some controversial issues remain. For instance, there is no conclusive evidence indicating which sampling method results in the highest rate of biological material recovery. Thus, this study aimed to describe the actual considerations on touch DNA and to compare three different sampling procedures, which were "single-swab", "double-swab", and "other methods" (i.e., cutting out, adhesive tape, FTA paper scraping), based on the experimental results published in the recent literature. The data analysis performed shows the higher efficiency of the single-swab method in DNA recovery in a wide variety of experimental settings. On the contrary, the double-swab technique and other methods do not seem to improve recovery rates. Despite the apparent discrepancy with previous research, these results underline certain limitations inherent to the sampling procedures investigated. The application of this information to forensic investigations and laboratories could improve operative standard procedures and enhance this almost fundamental investigative tool's probative value.
Topics: Touch; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 36555182
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415541 -
Forensic Science International. Genetics Mar 2023DNA identification of human remains has a valuable role in the field of forensic science and wider. Although DNA is vital in identification of unknown human remains,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
DNA identification of human remains has a valuable role in the field of forensic science and wider. Although DNA is vital in identification of unknown human remains, post-mortem environmental factors can lead to poor molecular preservation. In this respect, focus has been placed on DNA extraction methodologies for hard tissue samples, as these are the longest surviving. Despite decades of research being conducted on DNA extraction methods for bone and teeth, little consensus has been reached as to the best performing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a thorough systematic literature review to identify potential DNA extraction technique(s) which perform optimally for forensic DNA profiling from hard tissue samples. PRISMA guidelines were used, by which a search strategy was developed. This included identifying databases and discipline specific journals, keywords, and exclusion and inclusion criteria. In total, 175 articles were identified that detailed over 50 different DNA extraction methodologies. Results of the meta-analysis conducted on 41 articles - meeting further inclusion criteria - showed that statistically significant higher DNA profiling success was associated with solid-phase magnetic bead/resin methods. In addition, incorporating a demineralisation pre-step resulted in significantly higher profiling successes. For hard tissue type, bone outperformed teeth, and even though dense cortical femur samples were more frequently used across the studies, profiling success was comparable, and in some cases, higher in cancellous bone samples. Notably, incomplete data sharing resulted in many studies being excluded, thus an emphasis for minimum reporting standards is made. In conclusion, this study identifies strategies that may improve success rates of forensic DNA profiling from hard tissue samples. Finally, continued improvements to current methods can ensure faster times to resolution and restoring the identity of those who died in obscurity.
Topics: Humans; Body Remains; DNA; Tooth; DNA Fingerprinting; Bone and Bones
PubMed: 36502616
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102818 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Botanical drug products consist of complex phytochemical constituents that vary based on various factors that substantially produce different pharmacological activities...
Botanical drug products consist of complex phytochemical constituents that vary based on various factors that substantially produce different pharmacological activities and possible side effects. (Blume) Kuntze (Primulaceae) is one of the most popular Malay traditional botanical drugs and widely recognized for its medicinal use. Many studies have been conducted focusing on the identification of bioactive substances, pharmacological and toxicological activities in its specific varieties but less comprehensive study on authentication. Lack of quality control (QC) measurement assessment may cause different quality issues on containing products like adulteration by pharmaceutical substances, substitution, contamination, misidentification with toxic plant species, which may be detrimental to consumers' health and safety. This systematic literature review aims to provide an overview of the current scenario on the quality control of botanical drug products as determined by pharmacopoeia requirements specifically for authentication or identification. A systematic search for peer-reviewed publications to document literature search for authentication was performed using four electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect for related studies from January 2010 to December 2021. The research studies published in English and related articles for identification or authentication of were the main inclusion criteria in this review. A total 122 articles were identified, whereby 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Macroscopy, microscopy, chemical fingerprinting techniques using chromatography, spectroscopy and hyphenated techniques, and genetic-based fingerprinting using DNA barcoding method have been used to identify and to distinguish between different varieties and plant parts. The study concluded that a combination of approaches is necessary for authenticating botanical drug substances and products containing to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of marketed botanical drug products, particularly those with therapeutic claims.
PubMed: 35754509
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855384 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Osseointegration is a well-established concept used in applications including the percutaneous Bone-Anchored Hearing System (BAHS) and auricular rehabilitation. To date,...
Multimodal Analysis of the Tissue Response to a Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant: Presentation of a Two-Year Case Report of a Patient With Recurrent Pain, Inflammation, and Infection, Including a Systematic Literature Review.
Osseointegration is a well-established concept used in applications including the percutaneous Bone-Anchored Hearing System (BAHS) and auricular rehabilitation. To date, few retrieved implants have been described. A systematic review including cases where percutaneous bone-anchored implants inserted in the temporal bone were retrieved and analyzed was performed. We also present the case of a patient who received a BAHS for mixed hearing loss. After the initial surgery, several episodes of soft tissue inflammation accompanied by pain were observed, leading to elective abutment removal 14 months post-surgery. Two years post-implantation, the implant was removed due to pain and subjected to a multiscale and multimodal analysis: microbial DNA using molecular fingerprinting, gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), histology, histomorphometry, backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence hybridization (FISH). Evidence of osseointegration was provided micro-CT, histology, BSE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Polymicrobial colonization in the periabutment area and on the implant, including that with and , was determined using a molecular analysis a 16S-23S rDNA interspace [IS]-region-based profiling method (IS-Pro). The histology suggested bacterial colonization in the skin and in the peri-implant bone. FISH confirmed the localization of and coagulase-negative staphylococci in the skin. Ten articles (54 implants, 47 patients) met the inclusion criteria for the literature search. The analyzed samples were either BAHS (35 implants) or bone-anchored aural epitheses (19 implants) between 2 weeks and 8 years. The main reasons for elective removal were nonuse/changes in treatment, pain, or skin reactions. Most samples were evaluated using histology, demonstrating osseointegration, but with the absence of bone under the implants' proximal flange. Taken together, the literature and this case report show clear evidence of osseointegration, despite prominent complications. Nevertheless, despite implant osseointegration, chronic pain related to the BAHS may be associated with a chronic bacterial infection and raised inflammatory response in the absence of macroscopic signs of infection. It is suggested that a multimodal analysis of peri-implant health provides possibilities for device improvements and to guide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the impact of complications.
Topics: Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Inflammation; Pain; Staphylococcus aureus; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 33859952
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.640899 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2020The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa is largely driven by the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR)...
BACKGROUND
The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa is largely driven by the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, while XDR-TB is defined as MDR-TB with added resistance to any of the second line injectable drugs and any fluoroquinolone. The highest burden of drug resistant TB is seen in countries further experiencing an HIV epidemic. The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance as well as the evolution of drug resistant TB strains have been widely studied using various genotyping tools. The study aimed to analyse the drug resistant lineages in circulation and transmission dynamics of these lineages in Africa by describing outbreaks, nosocomial transmission and migration. Viewed as a whole, this can give a better insight into the transmission dynamics of drug resistant TB in Africa.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed on peer reviewed original research extracted from PubMed reporting on the lineages associated with drug resistant TB from African countries, and their association with outbreaks, nosocomial transmission and migration. The search terms "Tuberculosis AND drug resistance AND Africa AND (spoligotyping OR molecular epidemiology OR IS6110 OR MIRU OR DNA fingerprinting OR RFLP OR VNTR OR WGS)" were used to identify relevant articles reporting the molecular epidemiology of drug resistant TB in Africa.
RESULTS
Diverse genotypes are associated with drug resistant TB in Africa, with variations in strain predominance within the continent. Lineage 4 predominates across Africa demonstrating the ability of "modern strains" to adapt and spread easily. Most studies under review reported primary drug resistance as the predominant type of transmission. Drug resistant TB strains are associated with community and nosocomial outbreaks involving MDR- and XDR-TB strains. The under-use of molecular epidemiological tools is of concern, resulting in gaps in knowledge of the transmission dynamics of drug resistant TB on the continent.
CONCLUSIONS
Genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains has been demonstrated across Africa implying that diverse genotypes are driving the epidemiology of drug resistant TB across the continent.
Topics: Africa; Antitubercular Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Epidemics; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis; Genotype; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
PubMed: 32404119
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05031-5 -
Anaerobe Apr 2020Clostridioides difficile typing is invaluable for the investigation of both institution-specific outbreaks as well as national surveillance. While the epidemic ribotype...
Clostridioides difficile typing is invaluable for the investigation of both institution-specific outbreaks as well as national surveillance. While the epidemic ribotype 027 (RT027) has received a significant amount of resources and attention, ribotype 106 (RT106) has become more prevalent throughout the past decade. The purpose of this systematic review was to comprehensively summarize the genetic determinants, antimicrobial susceptibility, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes of infection caused by RT106. A total of 68 articles published between 1999 and 2019 were identified as relevant to this review. Although initially identified in the United Kingdom in 1999, RT106 is now found worldwide and became the most prevalent strain in the United States in 2016. Current data indicate that RT106 harbors the tcdA and tcdB genes, lacks binary toxin genes, and does not contain any deletions in the tcdC gene, which differentiates it from other epidemic strains, including ribotypes 027 and 078. Interestingly, RT106 produces more spores than other strains, including RT027. Overall, RT106 is highly resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins. However, the MIC in most studies are one to two fold dilutions below the epidemiologic cut-off values of metronidazole and vancomycin, suggesting both are acceptable treatment options from an in vitro perspective. The few clinical outcomes studies available concluded that RT106 causes less severe disease than RT027, but patients were significantly more likely to experience multiple CDI relapses when infected with a RT106 strain. Specific areas warranting future study include potential survival advantages provided by genetic elements as well as a more robust investigation of clinical outcomes associated with RT106.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Public Health Surveillance; Ribotyping; Spores, Bacterial; Virulence
PubMed: 32007682
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102142 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Jan 2019The immune mechanisms involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) are complex and little is known about the possible role of the gut microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of AD. A...
The immune mechanisms involved in atopic dermatitis (AD) are complex and little is known about the possible role of the gut microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of AD. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, and included 44 of 2,199 studies (26 observational and 18 interventional studies). Detection of gut microbiota was performed by either 16s rRNA PCR, or by culture. Observational studies were diverse regarding the age of study participants and the bacterial species investigated. Overall, the results were conflicting with regard to diversity of the gut microbiota, specific bacterial colonization, and subsequent risk of AD. Nearly half of the included interventional studies showed that an altered gut microbial colonization due to use of probiotics had a positive effect on the severity of AD. The remaining studies did not show an effect of probiotics on the severity of AD despite an alteration in the gut microbial composition. The role of the gut microbiome for the onset and severity of pre-existing AD remains controversial.
Topics: Bacteria; Dermatitis, Atopic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Probiotics; Ribotyping; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 30085318
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3008 -
Nutrients Aug 2017The mechanisms behind the efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in Crohn's disease (CD) remain poorly understood, despite the high rate of treatment response.... (Review)
Review
The mechanisms behind the efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in Crohn's disease (CD) remain poorly understood, despite the high rate of treatment response. Evidence accumulated in the last 20 years suggests that a positive shift of the disrupted microbiota is one of the treatment effects. The purpose of this study was to critically review and summarize data reporting the microbiological effects of EEN in patients with CD. Fourteen studies were considered in the review, overall involving 216 CD patients on EEN. The studies were heterogeneous in methods of microbiota analysis and exclusion criteria. The most frequently reported effect of EEN was a reduction in microbiota diversity, reversible when patients returned to a normal diet. The effect of EEN on specific bacteria was very variable in the different studies, partially due to methodological limitations of the mentioned studies. The EEN seem to induce some metabolomic changes, which are different in long-term responder patients compared to patients that relapse earlier. Bacterial changes can be relevant to explaining the efficacy of EEN; however, microbiological data obtained from rigorously performed studies and derived from last generation techniques are largely inconsistent.
Topics: Bacteria; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Ribotyping; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28777338
DOI: 10.3390/nu9080832