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Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However,...
Effects of intermittent fasting combined with exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
CONTEXT
Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (Exe) have been evaluated in several studies for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers related to weight loss. However, further investigation is required to understand the potential effects on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. IF protocols have been shown to be efficient in improving adipokines, but further research is required to determine whether or not IF regimens combined with Exe are superior to Exe alone.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not interventions combining IF plus Exe are more effective than Exe only for improving serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with and without obesity.
DATA EXTRACTION
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to August 2023 for randomized clinical trials that determined the effects of IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone (control) on body weight, serum leptin, and serum adiponectin. Analyses were conducted for IF plus Exe vs. Exe alone to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) and standardized mean differences (SMD).
ANALYSIS
The current meta-analysis included 6 studies with a total sample of 153 participants, with intervention durations ranging from three days to 52 weeks. IF plus Exe elicited significantly larger decreases in leptin levels [SMD = -0.47, = 0.03], which were accompanied by weight loss [WMD = -1.25 kg, = 0.05], as compared with exercise-only interventions, but adiponectin did not differ between the two [SMD = 0.02, = 0.9].
CONCLUSION
IF combined with Exe reduced leptin significantly, but did not change adiponectin levels, when compared to exercise only. Perhaps these reductions in leptin levels may have been associated with weight loss; however, due to the small number of included studies and the high heterogeneity in the weight loss outcomes, this result is uncertain.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023460735.
PubMed: 38933888
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1362731 -
Clinics and Practice May 2024Isotretinoin is the drug of choice for severe acne. We sought to examine the potential link between isotretinoin and insulin resistance. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Isotretinoin is the drug of choice for severe acne. We sought to examine the potential link between isotretinoin and insulin resistance.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases was performed until 12 January 2022 utilizing the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) tool. Fifteen English-language studies focusing on isotretinoin-treated acne patients were included. Serum levels of insulin, glucose, and adiponectin were evaluated before and after treatment, and insulin sensitivity was assessed using the HOMA-IR. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.1 software, and a quality assessment was undertaken using the ROBINS-I tool.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis unveiled a statistically significant rise in the post-treatment levels of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory agent, which inhibits liver glucose production while enhancing insulin sensitivity (SMD = 0.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.48-1.25, -value < 0.0001; I = 58%). Our subgroup analysis based on study type yielded consistent findings. However, no statistically significant outcomes were observed for insulin, glucose levels, and the HOMA-IR.
CONCLUSIONS
There is not a clear association between isotretinoin and insulin resistance, but it appears to enhance the serum levels of adiponectin, which participates in glucose metabolism.
PubMed: 38921259
DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030081 -
Clinical Nutrition Research Apr 2024Numerous studies have indicated that low levels of serum adiponectin are linked with the development of various chronic diseases. While some recent research has... (Review)
Review
Numerous studies have indicated that low levels of serum adiponectin are linked with the development of various chronic diseases. While some recent research has suggested that soy has a positive impact on serum adiponectin levels, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we aim to conduct a thorough systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of soy on serum adiponectin levels in adults. The search was conducted until March 2024 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify RCTs that studied the effects of soy supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. A random-effects model was used to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs). Ten and nine RCTs were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. After analyzing data from 9 eligible RCTs, it was found that soy supplementation did not significantly impact the concentrations of adiponectin (WMD = -0.24 μg/mL; 95% confidence interval, -1.56 to 1.09; p = 0.72). However, there was significant heterogeneity between the studies (I = 89.8%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that overall estimates were not affected by the elimination of any study. We did not observe any evidence regarding publication bias. In conclusion, soy supplementation did not have a significant effect on adiponectin levels in adults. However, further RCTs are needed with longer intervention duration, higher doses, and studies conducted in different countries.
PubMed: 38784852
DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.2.130 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Apr 2024The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between several adipokines and COVID-19 severity has lately been evaluated, results being inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between adipokines in COVID-19 and its severity.
METHODS
A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase using predefined keywords. The Newcastle of Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the quality assessment of included studies. The main summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in adipokine levels.
RESULTS
A total of 8 studies involving 473 individuals were included. A significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was demonstrated in mild vs. severe COVID-19 patients (-5.734 [95% CI -11.215 - -0.252]), with no significant MD in mild vs. moderate (-7.117 [95% CI -19.546 - 5.313]), or moderate vs. severe COVID-19 (-1.846 [95% CI -4.516 - 0.824]). Moreover, no significant MD was found in adiponectin and leptin levels when comparing COVID-19 patients vs. controls (-12.675 [95% CI -36.159 - 10.808]) and (8.034 [95% CI -10.403 - 26.471]), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Adiponectin levels were significantly increased in patients with severe compared to mild COVID-19. However, no significant MD was found in adiponectin levels in mild vs. moderate and moderate vs. severe COVID-19 patients, nor in adiponectin and leptin levels in COVID-19 patients vs. controls.
PubMed: 38746027
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2624 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Feb 2024Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is widespread in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, and its treatment options are currently limited. Adiponectin... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is widespread in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, and its treatment options are currently limited. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine with cardioprotective properties; however, the mechanisms of APN in MIRI are unclear. Therefore, based on preclinical (animal model) evidence, the cardioprotective effects of APN and the underlying mechanisms were explored.
METHODS
The literature was searched for the protective effect of APN on MIRI in six databases until 16 November 2023, and data were extracted according to selection criteria. The outcomes were the size of the myocardial necrosis area and hemodynamics. Markers of oxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation were secondary outcome indicators. The quality evaluation was performed using the animal study evaluation scale recommended by the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation statement. Stata/MP 14.0 software was used for the summary analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 20 papers with 426 animals were included in this study. The pooled analysis revealed that APN significantly reduced myocardial infarct size [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 16.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.18 to 20.16, P < 0.001)] and improved hemodynamics compared to the MIRI group [Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure: WMD = 5.96 (95% CI = 4.23 to 7.70, P < 0.001); + dP/dtmax: WMD = 1393.59 (95% CI = 972.57 to 1814.60, P < 0.001); -dP/dtmax: WMD = 850.06 (95% CI = 541.22 to 1158.90, P < 0.001); Left ventricular ejection fraction: WMD = 9.96 (95% CI = 7.29 to 12.63, P < 0.001)]. Apoptosis indicators [caspase-3: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 3.86 (95% CI = 2.97 to 4.76, P < 0.001); TUNEL-positive cells: WMD = 13.10 (95% CI = 8.15 to 18.05, P < 0.001)], inflammatory factor levels [TNF-α: SMD = 4.23 (95% CI = 2.48 to 5.98, P < 0.001)], oxidative stress indicators [Superoxide production: SMD = 4.53 (95% CI = 2.39 to 6.67, P < 0.001)], and lactate dehydrogenase levels [SMD = 2.82 (95% CI = 1.60 to 4.04, P < 0.001)] were significantly reduced. However, the superoxide dismutase content was significantly increased [SMD = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.17 to 2.65, P < 0.001)].
CONCLUSION
APN protects against MIRI via anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant effects, and this effect is achieved by activating different signaling pathways.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Adiponectin; Myocardial Infarction; Signal Transduction; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38368320
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02028-w -
BMC Psychiatry Jan 2024To review the relationship between adiponectin levels and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children.
OBJECTIVE
To review the relationship between adiponectin levels and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children.
BACKGROUND
ASDs are associated with pervasive social interaction and communication abnormalities. Researchers have studied various pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ASDs to identify predictors for an early diagnosis to optimize treatment outcomes. Immune dysfunction, perhaps mediated by a decrease in anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin, along with changes in other adipokines, may play a central role in increasing the risk for ASDs. However, other factors, such as low maternal vitamin D levels, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cardio-metabolic diseases, preterm delivery, and oxytocin gene polymorphism may also contribute to increased risk for ASDs.
METHODS
Searches on the database; PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using keywords; adiponectin, adipokines, ASD, autism, autistic disorder, included English-language studies published till September 2022. Data were extracted on mean differences between adiponectin levels in children with and without ASDs.
RESULTS
The search yielded six studies providing data on adiponectin levels in young patients with ASDs. As can be seen from Table 1, four of the six studies were positive for an inverse correlation between ASD and adiponectin levels. In addition, two of the four positive and one negative studies found low adiponectin levels associated with and the severity of autistic symptoms. However, results from one reviewed study were insignificant.
CONCLUSION
Most studies reviewed yielded lower adiponectin levels in children with ASDs as well as the severity of autistic symptoms.
Topics: Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Adiponectin; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Communication
PubMed: 38297246
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05529-1 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Mar 2024Adiponectin is an adipokine playing a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as immunomodulation. The... (Review)
Review
Adiponectin is an adipokine playing a central role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as immunomodulation. The relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and body composition has highlighted the bidirectional crosstalk between AD's pathophysiology and metabolic disorders. This review aimed to report the current state of knowledge about cellular and molecular mechanisms linking adiponectin and AD, in preclinical studies. Then, we reviewed human studies to assess the relationship between adiponectin levels and AD diagnosis. We also examined the risk of incident AD regarding the participants' baseline adiponectin level, as well as the relationship of adiponectin and cognitive decline in patients with AD. We conducted a systematic review, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, of studies published over the last decade on MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Overall, we reviewed 34 original works about adiponectin in AD, including 11 preclinical studies, two both preclinical and human studies and 21 human studies. Preclinical studies brought convincing evidence for the neuroprotective role of adiponectin on several key mechanisms of AD. Human studies showed conflicting results regarding the relationship between AD and adiponectin levels, as well as regarding the cross-sectional association between cognitive function and adiponectin levels. Adiponectin did not appear as a predictor of incident AD, nor as a predictor of cognitive decline in patients with AD. Despite solid preclinical evidence suggesting the protective role of adiponectin in AD, inconsistent results in humans supports the need for further research.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38280832
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100166 -
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Jan 2024Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary... (Review)
Review
Comparison of the efficacy of fish oil and probiotic supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering.
RESULTS
A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions).
CONCLUSIONS
In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose.
PubMed: 38254166
DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01266-3 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the magnitude of the effect of combined exercise training on glucose metabolism markers, adipokines, and inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetic sedentary adults. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases and reference lists of included studies were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included physically inactive adults and provided combined training interventions (aerobic plus resistance exercise). Effects on fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in exercise vs control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials 2.0 (RoB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 24 RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. Combined exercise training significantly decrease fasting glucose (standardized mean difference, SMD: - 0.474, 95% CI [- 0.829, - 0.120], p = 0.009, 35 study arms), fasting insulin (SMD: - 1.024, 95% CI [- 1.502, - 0.545], p < 0.001, 27 study arms), HOMA-IR (SMD: - 0.946, 95% CI [- 1.450, - 0.442], p < 0.001, 23 study arms), TNF-α (SMD: - 0.972, 95% CI [- 1.361, - 0.582], p < 0.001, 10 study arms), and CRP (SMD: - 0.507, 95% CI [- 0.818, - 0.196], p = 0.001, 14 study arms). No significant effects were observed for HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 levels. Random effects meta-regression models by age, sex, and intervention length were not able to explain any of the variation in the effect size of HOMA-IR. Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that combined exercise training improves some glucose metabolism markers and inflammatory parameters in sedentary adults without diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adiponectin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Insulin; C-Reactive Protein; Exercise; Glucose
PubMed: 38253590
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51832-y -
Heliyon Jan 2024To investigate the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers with periodontal status and obesity in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the association of salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers with periodontal status and obesity in children and adolescents.
DATA/SOURCES
A literature search up to July 2023 was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest Medical Database, ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection, and the Cochrane Library. Observational studies comparing salivary and GCF biomarkers in children and adolescents with compromised periodontal status and/or obesity were included for data extraction. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall standardised mean difference.
STUDY SELECTION
Fifteen observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis was only applicable in synthesising the dyadic relationship between GCF biomarkers and obesity. The results demonstrated that children and adolescents with obesity had significantly higher GCF levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (SMD:0.56; 95% CI:0.07, 1.04), adiponectin (SMD:0.33; 95% CI:0.06, 0.60), leptin (SMD:0.52; 95% CI:0.15, 0.90), and interleukin-1 beta (SMD:0.71; 95% CI:0.44, 0.99) than those with normal weight.
CONCLUSION
To date, no study has well addressed the triadic association between salivary or GCF biomarkers, periodontal status, and obesity among children and adolescents. Further in-depth, high-quality studies are required to investigate these associations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Periodontal disease and obesity are growing public health crises worldwide. Their relationship has been intensively studied. Investigating the salivary or GCF biomarkers alterations could help better understand the relationship between periodontal disease and obesity, which would assist in tailoring future oral health promotion programs.
PubMed: 38226238
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23782