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Chemosphere Oct 2023This comprehensive study analysed 55 articles published between 2011 and 2022 on the use of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for phosphate adsorption. The study found... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This comprehensive study analysed 55 articles published between 2011 and 2022 on the use of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for phosphate adsorption. The study found that the performance of MOFs in phosphate adsorption is influenced by various factors such as the type of MOF, synthesis method, modification/alteration, and operational conditions (initial concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and temperature). Most of the MOFs have a wide range of theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for phosphate, but their long-term use in phosphorus recovery may be limited due to the adsorption mechanisms being dominated by inner sphere complexation. The study employed machine learning to construct artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting phosphate adsorption capacity based on input features from operation and synthesis procedures. The initial phosphate concentration was the most important input from the operational features, while the modulator agent was consistently relevant during MOF synthesis. The models showed strong fitting for most MOF types recorded for the study, such as UIO-66, MIL-100, ZIF-8, Al-MOFs, La-MOFs, and Ce-MOFs. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for the design of MOF adsorbents for phosphate adsorption and offers guidance for future research in this area.
Topics: Phosphates; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Adsorption; Phosphorus; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 37517668
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139674 -
Critical Care (London, England) Jul 2023The oXiris is a novel filter for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) featuring an adsorption coating to adsorb endotoxins and remove inflammatory mediators.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The oXiris is a novel filter for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) featuring an adsorption coating to adsorb endotoxins and remove inflammatory mediators. Given that no consensus has been reached on its potential benefits in treating sepsis, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess its impact on the clinical outcomes of this patient population.
METHODS
Eleven databases were retrieved to find relevant observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) process was employed to assess the certainty of evidence. The 28-day mortality was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were 7-, 14-, and 90-day mortality, length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, ICU and hospital mortality, norepinephrine (NE) dose, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lactate levels, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis, pooling data from 14 studies, involving 695 patients, showed significant reductions in 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.77, p = 0.001] and length of ICU stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) - 1.91; 95% CI - 2.56 to - 1.26, p < 0.001)] in patients with sepsis using the oXiris filter compared to other filters. Besides, the SOFA score, NE dose, IL-6 and lactate levels, and 7- and 14-day mortalities were lower in the oXiris group. However, the 90-day mortality, ICU and hospital mortality, and length of hospital stay were comparable. The quality assessment of the ten observational studies indicated intermediate to high quality (average Newcastle-Ottawa score: 7.8). However, all four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) had an unclear risk of bias. The evidence for all outcomes had a low or very low level of certainty because the original study design was mainly observational studies and the RCTs included had an unclear risk of bias and a small sample size.
CONCLUSION
The treatment with the oXiris filter during CRRT in sepsis patients may be associated with lower 28-, 7-, and 14-day mortalities, lactate levels, SOFA score, NE dose, and shorter length of ICU stay. However, due to the low or very low quality of evidence, the effectiveness of oXiris filters was still uncertain. Besides, no significant difference was observed for the 90-day mortality, ICU and hospital mortality, and length of hospital stay.
Topics: Humans; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Interleukin-6; Adsorption; Sepsis; Lactates
PubMed: 37424026
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04555-x -
Polymers May 2023In recent decades, hydrogels, as adsorption materials, have received important attention due to their characteristics and properties, such as mechanical strength,... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, hydrogels, as adsorption materials, have received important attention due to their characteristics and properties, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, swellability, and stimuli sensitivity. In the actual framework of sustainable development, it has been imperative to develop practical studies of hydrogels in the treatment of actual industrial effluents. Accordingly, the current work has, as its objective, to make evident hydrogels' applicability in the treatment of actual industrial effluents. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis and systematic review based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method were conducted. The relevant articles were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Some important findings were that: (1) China is the leading country when it comes to hydrogel application in actual industrial effluents, (2) the motor studies are focalized on the treatment of wastewater by hydrogels, (3) the fixed-bed columns are suitable unit equipment for the treatment of industrial effluents of using hydrogels, and (4) the hydrogels show excellent adsorption capacities of ion and dye contaminants present in industrial effluents. In summary, since the implementation of sustainable development in 2015, the progress of practical hydrogel applications in the treatment of industrial effluent has been receiving more attention, and the selected studies demonstrate the implementation viability of these materials.
PubMed: 37299216
DOI: 10.3390/polym15112417 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Advanced carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied in various fields such as microelectronics, energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, biomedical engineering, and... (Review)
Review
Advanced carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied in various fields such as microelectronics, energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, biomedical engineering, and material strengthening. With the increasing demand for porous carbon nanomaterials, many studies have explored obtaining porous carbon nanomaterials from biomass, which is highly abundant. Pomelo peel, a type of biomass rich in cellulose and lignin, has been widely upgraded into porous carbon nanomaterials with large yield and significant applications. Here, we systematically review the recent progress in pyrolysis, activation, and applications of synthesizing porous carbon nanomaterials from waste pomelo peels. Moreover, we provide a perspective on the remaining challenges and potential future research directions.
Topics: Carbon; Charcoal; Porosity; Lignin; Nanostructures
PubMed: 37298905
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114429 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Aptamers are a brand-new class of receptors that can be exploited to improve the bioactivity of tissue engineering grafts. The aim of this work was to revise the...
Aptamers are a brand-new class of receptors that can be exploited to improve the bioactivity of tissue engineering grafts. The aim of this work was to revise the current literature on and studies in order to i) identify current strategies adopted to improve scaffold bioactivity by aptamers; ii) assess effects of aptamer functionalization on cell behavior and iii) on tissue regeneration. Using a systematic search approach original research articles published up to 30 April 2022, were considered and screened. In total, 131 records were identified and 18 were included in the final analysis. Included studies showed that aptamers can improve the bioactivity of biomaterials by specific adsorption of adhesive molecules or growth factors from the surrounding environment, or by capturing specific cell types. All the studies showed that aptamers ameliorate scaffold colonization by cells without modifying the physicochemical characteristics of the bare scaffold. Additionally, aptamers seem to promote the early stages of tissue healing and to promote anatomical and functional regeneration. Although a metanalysis could not be performed due to the limited number of studies, we believe these findings provide solid evidence supporting the use of aptamers as a suitable modification to improve the bioactivity of tissue engineering constructs.
PubMed: 37265990
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199651 -
Critical Care (London, England) May 2023Cytokine adsorption using the CytoSorb® adsorber has been proposed in various clinical settings including sepsis, ARDS, hyperinflammatory syndromes, cardiac surgery or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Cytokine adsorption using the CytoSorb® adsorber has been proposed in various clinical settings including sepsis, ARDS, hyperinflammatory syndromes, cardiac surgery or recovery after cardiac arrest. The aim of this analysis is to provide evidence for the efficacy of the CytoSorb® adsorber with regard to mortality in various settings.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library database and the database provided by Cytosorbents™ (01.1.2010-29.5.2022). We considered randomized controlled trials and observational studies with control groups. The longest reported mortality was defined as the primary endpoint. We computed risk ratios and 95%-confidence intervals and used DerSimonian and Lairds random effects model. We analysed all studies combined and divided them into the subgroups: sepsis, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB), other severe illness, SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from cardiac arrest. The meta-analysis was registered in advance (PROSPERO: CRD42022290334).
RESULTS
Of an initial 1295 publications, 34 studies were found eligible, including 1297 patients treated with CytoSorb® and 1314 controls. Cytosorb® intervention did not lower mortality (RR [95%-CI]: all studies 1.07 [0.88; 1.31], sepsis 0.98 [0.74; 1.31], CPB surgery 0.91 [0.64; 1.29], severe illness 0.95 [0.59; 1.55], SARS-CoV-2 1.58 [0.50; 4.94]). In patients with cardiac arrest, we found a significant survival advantage of the untreated controls (1.22 [1.02; 1.46]). We did not find significant differences in ICU length of stay, lactate levels, or IL-6 levels after treatment. Of the eligible 34 studies only 12 were randomized controlled trials. All observational studies showed moderate to serious risk of bias.
INTERPRETATION
To date, there is no evidence for a positive effect of the CytoSorb® adsorber on mortality across a variety of diagnoses that justifies its widespread use in intensive care medicine.
Topics: Cytokines; Adsorption; Thoracic Surgery; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 37259160
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04492-9 -
RSC Advances Apr 2023The ecosystem and human health are both significantly affected by the occurrence of potentially harmful heavy metals in the aquatic environment. In general, wastewater... (Review)
Review
The ecosystem and human health are both significantly affected by the occurrence of potentially harmful heavy metals in the aquatic environment. In general, wastewater comprises an array of heavy metals, and the existence of other competing heavy metal ions might affect the adsorptive elimination of one heavy metal ion. Therefore, to fully comprehend the adsorbent's efficiency and practical applications, the abatement of heavy metals in multicomponent systems is important. In the current study, the multicomponent adsorption of heavy metals from different complex mixtures, such as binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary solutions, utilizing various adsorbents are reviewed in detail. According to the systematic review, the adsorbents made from locally and naturally occurring materials, such as biomass, feedstocks, and industrial and agricultural waste, are effective and promising in removing heavy metals from complex water systems. The systematic study further discovered that numerous studies evaluate the adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent in a multicomponent system using various important independent adsorption parameters. These independent adsorption parameters include reaction time, solution pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, ionic strength as well as reaction temperature, which were found to significantly affect the multicomponent sorption of heavy metals. Furthermore, through the application of the multicomponent adsorption isotherms, the competitive heavy metals sorption mechanisms were identified and characterized by three primary kinds of interactive effects including synergism, antagonism, and non-interaction. Despite the enormous amount of research and extensive data on the capability of different adsorbents, several significant drawbacks hinder adsorbents from being used practically and economically to remove heavy metal ions from multicomponent systems. As a result, the current systematic review provides insights and perspectives for further studies through the thorough and reliable analysis of the relevant literature on heavy metals removal from multicomponent systems.
PubMed: 37124024
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01660a -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Jul 2023Activated charcoal is a decontaminating agent used for acute intoxication. It can be mixed with taste additives to overcome its poor palatability. Our purpose was to... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Activated charcoal is a decontaminating agent used for acute intoxication. It can be mixed with taste additives to overcome its poor palatability. Our purpose was to evaluate the taste additives used to improve activated charcoal's palatability.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of comparative studies on taste additives used to improve activated charcoal's palatability. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL. We included controlled trials and observational studies that evaluate the effect of at least one taste additive, compared with activated charcoal alone. Our primary outcome was palatability. Our secondary outcomes included treatment adherence, adsorption efficacy, and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.
RESULTS
Among 38 eligible articles, seven observational studies and three crossover clinical trials met our inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was found to be high for seven studies and intermediate for three others. The preferred flavoring agents were cola and chocolate milk for children, and sweetening agents for adults. All taste additives studied seemed to improve activated charcoal's palatability, except for yogurt (n = 1). The addition of bentonite, sorbitol, carboxymethylcellulose, or yogurt showed no impact on the in-vivo adsorption capacity of activated charcoal, whereas the results were inconclusive for chocolate. No meta-analysis was performed due to insufficient data.
CONCLUSION
Strategies to improve activated charcoal's palatability seem to enhance the taste. Descriptive data are in favor of a limited impact on activated charcoal's adsorption capacity when adding binding agents or sweeteners.
TRIAL REGISTRATION ON PROSPERO
This review is registered as PROSPERO CRD42019135092.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Charcoal; Taste; Flavoring Agents; Sorbitol
PubMed: 37000410
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00934-6 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Jan 2023Selenium (Se) is an essential element playing a vital role in the metabolism of organisms. Se can generally be discharged in the potable water through natural and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Selenium (Se) is an essential element playing a vital role in the metabolism of organisms. Se can generally be discharged in the potable water through natural and anthropogenic activities. Both excess and shortage of Se can cause significant adverse health effects in humans. Excess values of se may toxicity, leading to selenosis and alkali disease in humans and grazing animals, respectively.
METHODS
A review search was systematically carried out from the databases Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, as well as medRxiv by using the following keywords: "waste water", "bioremediation", "selenium removal", "adsorption", and "drinking water". This study provides a review of the recent literature covering the period between 2011 and 2021. After screening the full text of the articles, 27 papers were enrolled. This study reviews the reported techniques for Se removal from water and wastewater, including adsorption, biological treatment, microbial reduction, bioreactors, fungal bioreactor, algal treatment, phytoremediation, and photocatalysis.
RESULTS
Biological and bioremediation techniques, such as microbial reduction, biotransformation, and fluidized bed reactor have removal efficiency about 100%. The highest Se concentration of 15-7600 μg/L was achieved in ground waters in Ethiopia and the lowest level of 0.07 μg/L in Finland.
CONCLUSION
The combination of biological treatment with chemical or physical technologies is envisaged to optimize se elimination and to ensure ecological protection and human health safety.
PubMed: 36824240
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i1.11667 -
Bioscience Reports Feb 2023Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary domain of science, technology and engineering that deals with nano-sized materials/particles. Usually, the size of nanoparticles...
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary domain of science, technology and engineering that deals with nano-sized materials/particles. Usually, the size of nanoparticles lies between 1 and 100 nm. Due to their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibit high reactivity, greater stability and adsorption capacity. These important physicochemical properties attract scientific community to utilize them in biomedical field. Various types of nanoparticles (inorganic and organic) have broad applications in medical field ranging from imaging to gene therapy. These are also effective drug carriers. In recent times, nanoparticles are utilized to circumvent different treatment limitations. For example, the ability of nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier and having a certain degree of specificity towards amyloid deposits makes themselves important candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been used extensively to overcome several pertinent issues like drug-resistance phenomenon, side effects of conventional drugs and targeted drug delivery issue in leprosy, tuberculosis and cancer. Thus, in this review, the application of different nanoparticles for the treatment of these four important diseases (Alzheimer's disease, tuberculosis, leprosy and cancer) as well as for the effective delivery of drugs used in these diseases has been presented systematically. Although nanoformulations have many advantages over traditional therapeutics for treating these diseases, nanotoxicity is a major concern that has been discussed subsequently. Lastly, we have presented the promising future prospective of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutics. In that section, we have discussed about the futuristic approach(es) that could provide promising candidate(s) for the treatment of these four diseases.
Topics: Humans; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Alzheimer Disease; Nanoparticles; Drug Carriers; Tuberculosis; Neoplasms; Leprosy
PubMed: 36630532
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20220324