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Viruses Dec 2022Ilheus fever is a mosquito-borne, poorly known tropical disease. We aimed to report the pooled rate of exposure to the Ilheus virus (ILHV) and clinical outcomes of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Ilheus fever is a mosquito-borne, poorly known tropical disease. We aimed to report the pooled rate of exposure to the Ilheus virus (ILHV) and clinical outcomes of infection to determine the epidemiological patterns of ILHV. We conducted a meta-analysis of 37 studies ( = 17,722 individuals) from Latin America. The common clinical characteristics of ILHV infection were fever (82.3%), headache (52.9%), and myalgia (52.9%). Encephalitis complicated the course of the infection in 29.4% cases. Monotypic serological reactions detected a pooled rate of exposure of 2% to ILHV (95% CI: 1-2). Studies were mainly conducted in Brazil, with a pooled proportion of ILHV positivity of 8% (95% CI: 3-14). Males (12%) had higher rates of seropositivity than females (7%) and had high chances of ILHV infection (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.5). Seropositivity increased with age, from 2% (95% CI: 2-3) among people aged 0-14 years to 8% (95% CI: 6-10) among people aged 15-64 years. Our analysis indicated a low and relatively constant burden of ILHV in Latin America. More research is needed to evaluate and innovate serological assays for ILHV to better estimate the burden and dynamics of epidemiological changes in ILHV infection in different regions.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Flavivirus; Culicidae; Brazil; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36680131
DOI: 10.3390/v15010092 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Nov 2022The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms... (Review)
Review
The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these outcomes. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the findings of patients to understand their prognosis and to explore therapeutic options. Here, we searched the Cochrane, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo databases using the keywords "arthritis", "pain", "arbovirus", "disease", "arthritogenic", and "arthralgia" during the 2000 to 2022 period. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the association between CHIKV infection and arthritogenic pain. The present study shows the persistence of acute phase signals for months, making the chronic phase still marked by the presence of arthralgia, often disabling under stimuli, such as temperature variation. CHIKV infection appears to be remarkably similar to rheumatoid arthritis, since both diseases share common symptoms. Once diagnosed, patients are mostly treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). As there are no prophylactic measures or specific treatments for arboviruses, this study gathered information on the development and manifestations of arthritogenic pain.
PubMed: 36422941
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110390 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Different ecological zones favor the breeding of species. The molecular epidemiology of dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was... (Review)
Review
Different ecological zones favor the breeding of species. The molecular epidemiology of dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was determined from outbreaks and surveillance activities in Nigeria. Twenty-eight DENV, twenty-five YFV, and two CHIKV sequences from Nigeria were retrieved from GenBank. Genotyping was performed with a genome detective typing tool. The evolutionary comparison was performed by the Maximum Likelihood method on MEGA. Chi-square was used to compare the association between the proportions of viral infections at different times. Six DENV-1 were detected in 1964, 1965, 1978, 2007, and 2018. Nineteen DENV-2 strains were reported, four belonging to sylvatic VI, one belonging to cosmopolitan II, and twelve to Asian I genotype V. DENV-2 genotype VI was detected in 1966, and genotypes II and V in 2019. All three DENV-3 were detected in 2018, while only one DENV-4 was identified in 2019. YFV was reported in 1946 and then in the 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s, 2018, and 2019 with reports to date. CHIKV is still circulating following its identification in 1964 and 1965. Recurrent episodes of dengue, Chikungunya, and yellow fever continue unabated. Vector control initiatives and immunization should be greatly sustained.
PubMed: 36297219
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101162 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Oct 2022and are two important vectors of several important arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Insecticide application is an important approach... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
and are two important vectors of several important arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Insecticide application is an important approach to reduce vector abundance during -borne outbreaks in the absence of effective vaccines and treatments. However, insecticide overuse can result in the development of resistance, and careful monitoring of resistance markers is required.
METHODS
This meta-analysis and systematic review explored the spatial and temporal patterns of insecticide resistance in Asia from 2000 to 2021. PubMed, Scopus, EbscoHost, and Embase were used to enhance the search capability. The random-effects model was applied for the 94 studies that met our inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Four major insecticides were studied (malathion, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, permethrin, and deltamethrin). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane resistance rates were high in both and (68% and 64%, respectively). Conversely, malathion resistance was less prevalent in (3%), and deltamethrin resistance was less common in (2%). displayed consistently high resistance rates (35%) throughout the study period, whereas the rate of insecticide resistance in increased from 5% to 12%. The rates of the major mutations F1534C, V1016G, and S989P were 29%, 26%, and 22%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Insecticide resistance in both and is widespread in Asia, although the rates vary by country. Continuous monitoring of the resistance markers and modification of the control strategies will be important for preventing unexpected outbreaks. This systematic review and meta-analysis provided up-to-date information on insecticide resistance in dengue-endemic countries in Asia.
PubMed: 36288047
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100306 -
Acta Tropica Jan 2023The risk of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Europe greatly depends on the capacity of Aedes albopictus to transmit ZIKV. Experimental studies of the...
The risk of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Europe greatly depends on the capacity of Aedes albopictus to transmit ZIKV. Experimental studies of the vector competence of European populations of this invasive mosquito species provided contrasting results, that may suggest differences between mosquito populations in ZIKV competence and/or differences in the methodological procedures used on the experimental studies. We systematically reviewed published studies of experimental mosquito infections and show that differences detected in the infection and transmission rates of Ae. albopictus are mostly due to differences between studies in the temperature, the viral load used to inoculate mosquitoes, and the number of days post-exposure (dpe) to the virus at which mosquitoes were analysed. In particular, the proportion of infected mosquitoes was affected by the viral load inoculated and the dpe, whereas the transmission rate was influenced by the viral load and temperature. Thus, the methodological differences used in these studies greatly affect the conclusions obtained regarding the role of Ae. albopictus in Europe as a competent vector for ZIKV and its epidemiological relevance.
Topics: Animals; Zika Virus; Aedes; Zika Virus Infection; Mosquito Vectors; Saliva
PubMed: 36270381
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106724 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Oct 2022The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health...
BACKGROUND
The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355.
RESULTS
A total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety.
DISCUSSION
In the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety.
Topics: Humans; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Blood Transfusion; West Nile virus; Yellow Fever Vaccine; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 36201547
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010843 -
Viruses Sep 2022Dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika are highly prevalent arboviruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, with a widely neglected impact in developing countries.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Dengue fever, chikungunya, and zika are highly prevalent arboviruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, with a widely neglected impact in developing countries. These diseases cause acute illness in diverse populations, as well as potential cardiovascular complications. A systematic review was carried out to investigate the burden of cardiac involvement related to these arboviruses. Multiple databases were searched for articles that investigated the association of cardiovascular diseases with arboviruses, published up to March 2022. Relevant articles were selected and rated by two independent reviewers. Proportion meta-analysis was applied to assess the frequency-weighted mean of the cardiovascular findings. A total of 42 articles were selected ( = 76,678 individuals), with 17 manuscripts on dengue and 6 manuscripts on chikungunya undergoing meta-analysis. The global pooled incidence of cardiac events in dengue fever using a meta-analysis was 27.21% (95% CI 20.21-34.83; = 94%). The higher incidence of dengue-related myocarditis was found in the population younger than 20 years old (33.85%; 95% CI 0.00-89.20; = 99%). Considering the studies on chikungunya ( = 372), the global pooled incidence of cardiac involvement using a meta-analysis was 32.81% (95% CI 09.58-61.49, = 96%). Two Zika studies were included that examined cases of infection by vertical transmission in Brazil, finding everything from structural changes to changes in heart rate variability that increase the risk of sudden death. In conclusion, cardiac involvement in arboviruses is not uncommon, especially in dengue fever.
Topics: Adult; Arboviruses; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Dengue; Heart Diseases; Humans; Young Adult; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 36146794
DOI: 10.3390/v14091988 -
International Journal of Infectious... Nov 2022A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the epidemiology and economic burden of dengue in Malaysia. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the epidemiology and economic burden of dengue in Malaysia.
METHODS
Embase, MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Reviews databases, and gray literature sources were searched for English and Malay studies and surveillance reports on the epidemiology (between 2012 and 2019) and costs (between 2009 and 2019) of dengue in Malaysia. Independent screening of titles/abstracts, followed by full texts was performed using prespecified criteria.
RESULTS
A total of 198 publications were included (55 peer-reviewed and 143 gray literature). Dengue incidence has been increasing in recent years, with 130,101 cases (dengue fever 129,578 cases; dengue hemorrhagic fever 523 cases) reported in 2019, which is the highest since 2012. All dengue virus serotypes co-circulated between 2004 and 2017, and major outbreaks occurred in a cyclical pattern, often associated with a change in the predominant circulating serotype. Economic impacts are substantial, including the societal impact of lost work (7.2-8.8 days) and school days (3.2-4.1 days) due to dengue.
CONCLUSION
The rising incidence and high cost of dengue, coupled with overlapping diseases, will likely result in further pressures on the healthcare system. To appropriately mitigate and control dengue, it is critical to implement integrated strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the burden of dengue.
Topics: Humans; Dengue; Malaysia; Serogroup; Disease Outbreaks; Incidence
PubMed: 36089149
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.006 -
Heliyon Aug 2022Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause important viral diseases affecting the world population. Both viruses can produce remarkably...
Zika virus (ZIKV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are arboviruses that cause important viral diseases affecting the world population. Both viruses can produce remarkably similar clinical manifestations, co-circulate in a geographic region, and coinfections have been documented, thus making clinical diagnosis challenging. Therefore, it is urgent to have better molecular techniques that allow a differential, sensitive and rapid diagnosis from body fluid samples. This systematic review explores evidence in the literature regarding the advances in the molecular diagnosis of Zika and Chikungunya in humans, published from 2010 to March 2021. Four databases were consulted (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and a total of 31 studies were included according to the selection criteria. Our analysis highlights the need for standardization in the report and interpretation of new promising diagnostic methods. It also examines the benefits of new alternatives for the molecular diagnosis of these arboviruses, in contrast to established methods.
PubMed: 36033321
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10225 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health...
Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health challenges for countries around the world. The arboviruses' dynamics are governed by a combination of climatic, environmental, and human mobility factors. Arboviruses prediction models can be a support tool for decision-making by public health agents. In this study, we propose a systematic literature review to identify arboviruses prediction models, as well as models for their transmitter vector dynamics. To carry out this review, we searched reputable scientific bases such as IEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We search for studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, using a search string. A total of 429 articles were returned, however, after filtering by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 139 were included. Through this systematic review, it was possible to identify the challenges present in the construction of arboviruses prediction models, as well as the existing gap in the construction of spatiotemporal models.
Topics: Animals; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Arthropod Vectors; Humans; Machine Learning; Models, Statistical; Neglected Diseases; Public Health
PubMed: 35719644
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.900077