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Cureus Jan 2024Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the common side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is an extremely painful condition characterized by erythema, edema, and... (Review)
Review
Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the common side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is an extremely painful condition characterized by erythema, edema, and ulceration of the oral mucosa. Many plant-based and chemical formulations are used to prevent OM. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different black mulberry formulations in chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced OM. A systematic search was performed using PubMed, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for articles published until March 2023. We have included studies conducted on people undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and compared the effect of any mulberry formulation with other interventions. Out of 30 articles retrieved, four articles with a cumulative sample size of (N = 297) were included in the review. Mulberry formulations were compared with no intervention, grape molasses, chlorhexidine, and sodium bicarbonate. Out of the four articles, in three articles, mulberry formulations showed a significant decrease in grade 2 and grade 3 OM and also showed better prevention of OM as compared to the other intervention and control groups, and in one article, the grape molasses was more preventive for the occurrence of OM. Mulberry showed a significant decrease in dry mouth. Mulberry showed more improvement in the pain score and quality of life. The incidence and severity were lower in the mulberry group than in other interventions. One article showed less weight loss, and another article showed gradual weight gain from the use of mulberries. From this, we conclude that mulberry is effective for the treatment of OM. Mulberry also shows improvement in the pain score and quality of life.
PubMed: 38361712
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52340 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024One of the most prevalent causes of physical disability in children is cerebral palsy (CP), which is a series of complicated neurological disorders. Children with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
One of the most prevalent causes of physical disability in children is cerebral palsy (CP), which is a series of complicated neurological disorders. Children with cerebral palsy suffer from multiple problems and potential disabilities, including dental caries. Hence, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT (Decayed, Missed, and Filled Permanent Teeth) among children with cerebral palsy in Africa and Asia.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the literature was made to locate relevant studies in PubMed/Medline, HINARI, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, the Worldwide Science Database, and Google Scholar. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel and transferred to Stata version 17 software for further analysis. A random-effect model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of dental caries and the pooled mean value of DMFT among children with cerebral palsy in Africa and Asia. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using the Cochrane Q test and I test statistics. Sub-group analysis by continent was done, and sensitivity analysis was checked. A small study effect was checked using Egger's statistical test at the 5% level of significance.
RESULTS
In this study, 25 original studies conducted in 17 countries in Africa and Asia that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of dental caries in Africa and Asia among children with cerebral palsy was 55.6% (95% CI: 42.4, 68.8). The pooled prevalence of dental caries among children with cerebral palsy in Africa was 42.43% (95% CI: 30.39, 54.58), and it was slightly higher in Asia with 64% (95% CI: 48.32, 79.72). In the random effect model analysis, the pooled mean DMFT of dental caries in children with cerebral palsy was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.86, 2.64). The pooled mean DMFT in Africa was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.86, 2.09), and in Asia it was 3.01 (95% CI: 2.43, 3.60).
CONCLUSION
In this study, we found that children with cerebral palsy experienced an alarming rate of dental caries. In these settings, dental caries affected roughly more than half of the children with cerebral palsy. Hence, oral health promotion initiatives should target children with CP, and this group of children must receive early preventive dental care.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dental Caries; Cerebral Palsy; Oral Health; Prevalence; Health Promotion
PubMed: 38360629
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03985-5 -
European Journal of Translational... Feb 2024Masticatory performance is considered an important step in the beginning of the digestive process and considering the patient's aesthetic and functional factors, it is...
Masticatory performance is considered an important step in the beginning of the digestive process and considering the patient's aesthetic and functional factors, it is necessary to choose appropriate treatments. Based on the evidence during orthodontic treatment, the restoration of the physiological function of masticatory performance should not be neglected. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between orthodontic treatment and improved masticatory performance and oral health related to quality of life. In the present study, all articles published till the end of August 2023 were extracted by two trained researchers independently through a search in databases like PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI, Web of Knowledge, Elsevier, Wiley, and Embase, and Google Scholar search engine using keywords and their combinations. Data analysis was done using the fixed effects model in a meta-analysis, by STATA (version 17); a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Based on the results, the mean difference in masticatory performance between pre-treatment and post-treatment was 2.23 (MD: 2.23; 95CI, 2.17, 2.29. p<0.01; I2= 99.98%; p<0.01). The mean difference in oral health related to quality of life between pre-treatment and post-treatment was -32.23 (MD: -32.23; 95CI, -33.35, -31.11. p<0.01; I2= 97%; p<0.01). Orthodontic treatment had a positive effect on masticatory performance and improved the quality of life of patients after treatment.
PubMed: 38357970
DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12101 -
Cureus Jan 2024The mortality risk for individuals with pelvic fractures ranges from 10% to 50%, depending on the severity of the bleeding and the presence of concurrent brain, thorax,... (Review)
Review
The mortality risk for individuals with pelvic fractures ranges from 10% to 50%, depending on the severity of the bleeding and the presence of concurrent brain, thorax, and abdomen injuries. This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate the role of MRI and CT in diagnosing and managing pelvic fractures. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct were systematically searched for relevant literature. The keywords "Pelvic fractures," "Diagnosis," "Computed tomography," "CT," "Magnetic resonance imaging," and "MRI" were converted into PubMed Mesh terms and used to find the relevant studies. Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) was employed throughout this comprehensive process. The systematic review included publications with full English text, available free articles, and human trials among adults. This review included 12 studies with 1,798 patients, and 935 (52%) of them were females. Two articles were prospective, and 10 articles were retrospective. In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of pelvic fractures require a tailored approach based on patient characteristics, injury mechanisms, and hemodynamic status. Because MRI detects a high number of concealed sacral fractures, it provides greater sensitivity and diagnostic validity in identifying acute pelvic fractures. Moreover, MRI is effective in diagnosing occult pelvic fractures and detecting soft tissue anomalies. However, MRI is unlikely to replace CT as the gold standard in the initial diagnosis of pelvic fractures; CT may also be preferable to MRI due to shorter emergency department (ED) time and the significant proportion of elderly patients who are contraindicated to MRI. Additionally, CT scanning aids in determining the need for emergent angiographic embolization and facilitates surgical planning.
PubMed: 38347986
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52215 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023To critically evaluate and review the dento-skeletal outcomes of hyrax with or without nonsurgical protraction therapy in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)...
AIM
To critically evaluate and review the dento-skeletal outcomes of hyrax with or without nonsurgical protraction therapy in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic databases were searched from PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs, and Google Scholar from January 2005 to April 2022 to identify studies reporting on the dento-skeletal effect of hyrax with or without nonsurgical protraction therapy among children aged 7-15 years with CLP before the secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) procedure. Abstracts and subsequently eligible full-text articles were screened. The risk of bias in the included randomized and nonrandomized studies was assessed using Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias tool. The random-effects meta-analyses of the mean difference were carried out.
RESULTS
A total of 423 studies were identified. After a thorough screening, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these 19 studies, 13 studies were conducted with only hyrax appliances, six studies had hyrax with nonsurgical protraction therapy.
CONCLUSION
Hyrax had increased intermolar width, anterior nasal cavity width, and posterior maxillary width compared to inverted mini hyrax with -values = 0.027, 0.004, and 0.03, respectively. Inverted mini hyrax had more canine inclination on noncleft than hyrax. Hyrax and fan-type expanders had an equivalent effect on the dento-skeletal structures indicating that hyrax can be used as an alternative to fan-type expanders. Hyrax with protraction therapy had a remarkable change in ANB angle compared to noncleft patients.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Deepika U, Ray P, Nayak A, Dento-skeletal Sequel of Hyrax in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):882-896.
PubMed: 38344381
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2716 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Feb 2024Telemedicine technologies allow distribution of health-related services and information and can include electronic and telecommunication technologies, remote patient and...
A Systematic Review of Publications on Perceptions and Management of Chronic Medical Conditions Using Telemedicine Remote Consultations by Primary Healthcare Professionals April 2020 to December 2021 During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Telemedicine technologies allow distribution of health-related services and information and can include electronic and telecommunication technologies, remote patient and clinician contact, referral and prescribing, patient education, and monitoring. This systematic review aimed to evaluate publications on the perceptions and management of chronic medical conditions using telehealth remote consultations by primary healthcare professionals between April 2020 and December 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases, including Cinhal, PubMed, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched to extract qualitative studies relevant to the topic. Inclusion criteria were developed based on the Population, Exposure, and Outcomes scoping framework. The target population was healthcare professionals working in primary care settings. Included studies encompassed various types of telemedicine, such as synchronous telemedicine, video conferencing, telephone conversations, and smart devices. Eight studies were included. Synchronous telemedicine was highly effective in ensuring the continuity of care and treatment, providing patients with convenience, improved access to treatment, and earlier disease management. Video conferencing and telephone consultations were the most common methods used. Challenges included concerns about patient privacy, technology literacy, and acceptance. Telemedicine was commended for its ability to provide access to immediate expert medical advice and eliminate the need for long-distance travel, contributing to increased patient compliance. Synchronous telemedicine is a promising solution for managing chronic conditions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, offering benefits to patients and healthcare professionals. To maximize its potential, concerns regarding patient privacy, confidentiality, and technology literacy need to be addressed. Proper legislation and regulations are required for long-term success of telemedicine, making it a valuable component of healthcare systems.
Topics: Humans; Remote Consultation; COVID-19; Pandemics; Telemedicine; Chronic Disease; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 38341609
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943383 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory illness that is associated with recurrent episodes of either partial or full obstruction of the upper airways,... (Review)
Review
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory illness that is associated with recurrent episodes of either partial or full obstruction of the upper airways, or apnea, among other sleep disorders. This study aims to analyze, through a literature review, whether orthodontic treatment can be a good treatment strategy for this type of disorder. We performed a database search on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the keywords OSA(S) and orthodontics to select the papers under evaluation. The criteria for inclusion were articles related to OSA(S) children undergoing an orthodontic treatment and clinical studies or case series, excluding systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses, adult studies, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 16 publications for this work. RME, or rapid maxillary expansion, turned out to be the preferred orthodontic treatment in cases of pediatric OSAS. The goal of this orthodontic procedure is to increase the hard palate's transverse diameter by reopening the mid-palatal suture. Children with maxillary contraction and dental malocclusion typically undergo such a procedure and have excellent results. However, OSAS is a multifactorial disorder; it does not seem related to the morphology of the oral cavity, and therefore, it is not always possible to cope with this problem exclusively through orthodontic treatment.
PubMed: 38337805
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030289 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024The period of pregnancy is characterized by a multitude of diverse changes that exert a notable impact on the oral cavity of women. During this gestational phase,... (Review)
Review
The period of pregnancy is characterized by a multitude of diverse changes that exert a notable impact on the oral cavity of women. During this gestational phase, patients necessitate tailored oral care and specific recommendations to preempt and address potential oral diseases. This systematic review aimed to perform a detailed analysis of the research studies that focused on the oral manifestations observed in pregnant women. A meticulous search was conducted in the databases Medline, Scopus, and Scielo by employing the following search terms: ((pregnant OR pregnancy)) AND (("oral manifestation*") OR ("oral health")). Articles that were published between 2013 and 2023 and written in English or Spanish and studies that scrutinized oral manifestations in pregnant women and included a diagnosis conducted by a qualified dentist were selected; we excluded articles published before 2013, articles that could not be accessed in full text, studies whose patients were not pregnant women at the time of the study, studies where patients were selected because they had a specific disease, studies where the clinical examination was not performed by a dentist, and articles written in languages other than English or Spanish. Subsequently, the risk of bias in the chosen articles was assessed in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scale. A total of 20 studies were included in the analysis, following the exclusion and inclusion criteria. These studies were categorized as cross-sectional, cohort, longitudinal, or case-control. Various oral manifestations in pregnant women were examined, with five studies comparing these manifestations with those observed in nonpregnant women. The most prevalent oral manifestations associated with pregnancy encompass dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, pyogenic granuloma, and candidiasis. Nonetheless, less common lesions may also emerge during the course of pregnancy.
PubMed: 38337401
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030707 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023This review of systematic reviews evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the preemptive use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in the management of...
This review of systematic reviews evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the preemptive use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs in the management of postoperative pain, edema, and trismus in oral surgery. The databases searched included the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library, up to March 2023. Pairs of reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and rated their methodological quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. All of the 19 studies reviewed had at least two critical methodological flaws. Third molar surgery was the most common procedure ( = 15) and the oral route the most frequent approach ( = 14). The use of betamethasone (10, 20, and 60 mg), dexamethasone (4 and 8 mg), methylprednisolone (16, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 125 mg), and prednisolone (10 and 20 mg) by different routes and likewise of celecoxib (200 mg), diclofenac (25, 30, 50, 75, and 100 mg), etoricoxib (120 mg), ibuprofen (400 and 600 mg), ketorolac (30 mg), meloxicam (7.5, 10, and 15 mg), nimesulide (100 mg), and rofecoxib (50 mg) administered by oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes were found to reduce pain, edema, and trismus in patients undergoing third molar surgery. Data on adverse effects were poorly reported. Further randomized clinical trials should be conducted to confirm these findings, given the wide variety of drugs, doses, and routes of administration used.
PubMed: 38328575
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303382 -
Cureus Jan 2024Direct laryngoscopy (DL) is a modality commonly used in endotracheal intubation (EI). Video laryngoscopy (VL) was introduced to further facilitate the procedure with... (Review)
Review
Direct laryngoscopy (DL) is a modality commonly used in endotracheal intubation (EI). Video laryngoscopy (VL) was introduced to further facilitate the procedure with enhancement in glottic views, which captures the video image of the vocal cords to be projected onto a screen, providing enhanced visualization. This real-time video projection aids in accurately placing the endotracheal tube (ETT) through the vocal cords. In emergency and critical care settings, both laryngoscopes are used for intubations. This study assesses the efficacy of both modalities by comparing success rates in first-attempt tracheal intubation in critically ill patients. PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched and all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies until 2023 were included. Studies included patients in critical care settings undergoing EI under the guidance of either DL or VL. The primary outcome was the first attempt at successful tracheal intubation. The secondary outcomes assessed the comparative safety of DL and VL by comparing the rates of severe hypoxemia, severe hypotension, and cardiac arrest occurring during each modality. P-values were considered of statistical significance if below 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan v5.4 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). The results were displayed in the form of forest plots. A total of eight studies were included with a total of 5348 patients, with 1780 in the DL group and 3568 in the VL group. Analysis revealed that in emergency situations, the success rate of intubation on the first attempt was significantly higher for VL than DL [81.5% vs 68%; RR= 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.29; p <0.00001; I2=70%]. There was no significant correlation between VL and severe hypoxemia [13.4% vs 11.6%; RR= 0.99; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.33; p =0.97; I2=46%], severe hypotension [6.09% vs 4.78%; RR:1.19; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.72; p =0.35, I2-15%], and cardiac arrest, [0.8% vs 0.4%; RR= 1.17; 95% CI: 0.37, 3.70]; p =0.79; I2=0%]. Our meta-analysis confirmed that VL has a higher success rate for first-pass intubation than DL. Furthermore, our analysis has shown no significant evidence linking VL to any adverse events.
PubMed: 38322075
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51720