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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2024This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
METHODS
Clinical studies on recurrent OSCC treated with PDT alone were included. Combined treatment strategies were excluded. The search was performed on Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, manual search, and grey literature.
RESULTS
The eleven included studies were observational. The risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The studies reported the use of hematoporphyrin derivative, Photofrin, Foscan and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Data on treatment response and survival was collected. Secondarily, postoperative courses and patient's quality of life/acceptance were reported whenever available. Photofrin and Foscan were the most used photosensitisers, with more complete responses. Lesions responding less favourably were on posterior regions or deep-seated in the tissue.
CONCLUSIONS
Although treatment response differs between treatment protocols, PDT stands as a viable treatment option to be considered, as it can achieve therapeutic results and disease-free, long-lasting periods. Partial treatment responses may be of interest when achieving eligibility for other treatment strategies. Despite this study's limitations, which considered four photosensitisers, Photofrin was the most used but more recent photosensitisers like Foscan have greater chemical stability, tissue penetration, and may be more efficacious on recurrent OSCC.
PubMed: 38857775
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104242 -
European Review For Medical and... May 2024Periimplantitis (PI) is a complex multifactorial chronic disease caused by interactions between bacteria, host immune-inflammatory responses, and genetic or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Periimplantitis (PI) is a complex multifactorial chronic disease caused by interactions between bacteria, host immune-inflammatory responses, and genetic or environmental factors that modify buccal eutrophism. In daily clinical practice, an increase in the prevalence of PI (8%) determined the need to establish the PI causes and set optimal therapeutic strategies. The interleukin family (IL-1), a group of cytokines, triggers and perpetuates peri-implantitis. Therefore, they could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aimed to analyze the correlation between IL-1 allelic polymorphism (IL-1A -889, IL-1β -511, IL-1β +3954) and the PI disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Selected databases were PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy included the following terms: "dental implants"; "periimplantitis"; "interleukin-IL-1"; "polymorphism"; "perimplant bone loss". Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A meta-analysis was conducted on five of 40 review articles. p-values, confidence intervals (CI), and Odds ratios (OR) were assessed. In 4 articles, the p-value was lower than 0.05, confirming the statistical significance of the result.
RESULTS
The prevalence of the selected studies reported the existence of a causal association between polymorphisms of IL-1 and the onset of peri-implantitis, especially for IL-1 allelic variants associated with further polymorphic genes encoding for IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8, IL-1Na, IL-8, IL-18, osteopontin (OPN). In addition, the presence of the IL-1 polymorphism and PI is particularly higher in smokers, diabetes, and autoimmune disease patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The detection of salivary biomarkers is, therefore, a diagnostic tool with a high potential to intercept the PI early and act with appropriate and non-invasive treatment. Due to the continued technological innovation in biomarkers and diagnostic sciences, further studies are needed to investigate the role of these biochemical mediators. The results of studies and the recent technological innovation in biomarkers and diagnostic sciences will allow further research to investigate the role of these biochemical mediators.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Polymorphism, Genetic; Interleukin-1; Dental Implants
PubMed: 38856132
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202405_36293 -
JPRAS Open Jun 2024The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in breast reconstruction was described for the first time in 2000s. Recently, ADMs have been used not only in reconstructive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in breast reconstruction was described for the first time in 2000s. Recently, ADMs have been used not only in reconstructive surgery but also in cosmetic breast surgery for both primary and revision indications. Therefore, the matrices represent an important support to recent surgical techniques for breast augmentation in treatment or prevention of complications. Conversely, ADMs can affect operative times, costs, and additional complications related to their placement. A review of the literature was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and indication for the use of these matrices in cosmetic breast surgery.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted including manuscripts published up to April 2023 on breast augmentation using ADM. PubMed and MEDLINE were the databases used for research. The keywords used were "Breast augmentation" and "Acellular Dermal Matrix." Non-English language articles have been excluded.
RESULTS
The initial search for "breast augmentation" yielded 7900 results, which were further reviewed for "Acellular Dermal Matrices" in breast augmentation, selecting 74 articles. Following further screening, 12 articles were included in the review. A total of 787 patients were treated with breast augmentation and ADM placement. The main indication was capsular contracture (60%).
CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence from the published scientific literature, albeit limited, suggests the indication for the use of ADM in revision surgery, to support the prosthetic pocket, to minimize the risk of capsular contracture and its recurrence.
PubMed: 38854623
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.02.004 -
Cureus May 2024Forensic anthropology and forensic medicine both have been fascinating fields that deal with mandibular characteristics and sex determination. Researchers may determine... (Review)
Review
Forensic anthropology and forensic medicine both have been fascinating fields that deal with mandibular characteristics and sex determination. Researchers may determine an individual's biological sex with amazing precision by examining the size, shape, and proportions of the mandible. This information is useful for anthropological studies and criminal investigations. This systematic review aims to evaluate the consistency and validity of using mandibles as a method for gender determination across different populations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Further, a manual search was carried out to find additional studies. Mandibular parameters and other relevant data about research were extracted from the included studies. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out for four parameters. A total of nine studies were included in the systematic review out of 76 initial search results. All studies were in vitro. Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis, whereas only seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 2385 individuals (1193 male and 1192 female) were evaluated in the included studies. The parameters assessed were as follows: minimum ramus breadth (MiRB), maximum ramus breadth (MaRB), projective ramus height (PRH), bigonial width (BGW), gonial angle (GA), and antegonial angle (AGA). Meta-analysis was conducted for four parameters out of six. For the two parameters, meta-analysis was not conducted as only one study was evaluated. Meta-analyses of PRH obtained a high degree of heterogeneity (99%), mean difference (MD) of 4.06 mm, and p-value of p=0.09. Meta-analysis of BGW obtained 93% heterogeneity, MD of 9.03 mm, and p=0.0007. Meta-analysis of GA showed 99% heterogeneity, MD of 3.44 mm, and p=0.66. Meta-analysis of AGA obtained a low heterogeneity of 30%, MD of -0.77 mm, and p=0.23. The parameter, BGW, can be considered a useful tool in identifying sex. The parameters, PRH, GA, and AGA, cannot be preferred as a reliable tool in identifying the sex of an individual in forensic contexts.
PubMed: 38854199
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59965 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024Dental radiography is widely used in dental practices and offers a valuable resource for the development of AI technology. Consequently, many researchers have been drawn... (Review)
Review
Dental radiography is widely used in dental practices and offers a valuable resource for the development of AI technology. Consequently, many researchers have been drawn to explore its application in different areas. The current systematic review was undertaken to critically appraise developments and performance of artificial intelligence (AI) models designed for tooth numbering and detection using dento-maxillofacial radiographic images. In order to maintain the integrity of their methodology, the authors of this systematic review followed the diagnostic test accuracy criteria outlined in PRISMA-DTA. Electronic search was done by navigating through various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library for the articles published from 2018 to 2023. Sixteen articles that met the inclusion exclusion criteria were subjected to risk of bias assessment using QUADAS-2 and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE approach.AI technology has been mainly applied for automated tooth detection and numbering, to detect teeth in CBCT images, to identify dental treatment patterns and approaches. The AI models utilised in the studies included exhibited a highest precision of 99.4% for tooth detection and 98% for tooth numbering. The use of AI as a supplementary diagnostic tool in the field of dental radiology holds great potential.
PubMed: 38851931
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.021 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Oral lichen planus is a chronic and potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa. Corticosteroids are used as first-line therapy for oral lichen planus patients;... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Oral lichen planus is a chronic and potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa. Corticosteroids are used as first-line therapy for oral lichen planus patients; however, they have many side effects. Platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin) are autologous bioactive materials. This systematic review investigated the effects of autologous platelet concentrates compared to topical steroids in treating symptomatic oral lichen planus patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis guidelines were observed for article selection. For the pooling of studies, meta-analysis using Standardized Mean Differences by random effects model was carried out to estimate summary effect sizes for the treatment of oral lichen planus.
RESULTS
A total of six studies, incorporating 109 oral lichen planus patients, were involved. Both treatment modalities showed a statistically significant improvement in the outcome parameters (lesion size, pain score, Thongprasom score) from the baseline to the end of treatment and further to the follow-up visits. There was no significant difference in the pooled estimate SMD of pain decline in patients of the two groups (SMD = 0.17 (95% CI: -0.47 to 0.81); I = 63.6%). The SMD of Thongprasom score in patients receiving autologous platelet concentrates was lower than the corticosteroid groups, with no significant effect size (SMD= -2.88 (95% CI: -5.51 to -0.25); I = 91.7%). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference between the autologous platelet concentrates and topical steroids regarding pain and clinical score.
CONCLUSION
Autologous platelet concentrates, and topical steroids decreased the size of lesions, Thongprasom scale, and pain in oral lichen planus patients, but the difference between the two treatments was not statistically significant. Thus, autologous platelet concentrates could be considered as an alternative treatment to topical steroids.
Topics: Lichen Planus, Oral; Humans; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
PubMed: 38851685
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04443-y -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024Dentists' diagnostic accuracy in detecting periapical radiolucency varies considerably. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Dentists' diagnostic accuracy in detecting periapical radiolucency varies considerably. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting periapical radiolucency.
DATA
Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy and utilizing AI for periapical radiolucency detection, published until November 2023, were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis was conducted using the online MetaDTA Tool to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity. Risk of bias was evaluated using QUADAS-2.
SOURCES
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore databases. Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy and utilizing AI tools for periapical radiolucency detection, published until November 2023, were eligible for inclusion.
STUDY SELECTION
We identified 210 articles, of which 24 met the criteria for inclusion in the review. All but one study used one type of convolutional neural network. The body of evidence comes with an overall unclear to high risk of bias and several applicability concerns. Four of the twenty-four studies were included in a meta-analysis. AI showed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (95 % CI = 0.90-0.96) and 0.96 (95 % CI = 0.91-0.98), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
AI demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for detecting periapical radiolucencies. However, the current landscape suggests a need for diverse study designs beyond traditional diagnostic accuracy studies. Prospective real-life randomized controlled trials using heterogeneous data are needed to demonstrate the true value of AI.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Artificial intelligence tools seem to have the potential to support detecting periapical radiolucencies on imagery. Notably, nearly all studies did not test fully fledged software systems but measured the mere accuracy of AI models in diagnostic accuracy studies. The true value of currently available AI-based software for lesion detection on both 2D and 3D radiographs remains uncertain.
PubMed: 38851523
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105104 -
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology... 2024Prior research has established the effectiveness of magnesium in relieving postoperative pain. This article aims to evaluate magnesium sulfate for perioperative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Prior research has established the effectiveness of magnesium in relieving postoperative pain. This article aims to evaluate magnesium sulfate for perioperative analgesia in adults undergoing general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim was to assess pain scores at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively in patients receiving magnesium sulfate vs. the control group. Secondary outcomes were postoperative opioid consumption, perioperative complications, and time to rescue analgesia.
METHODS
A comprehensive database search identified studies comparing magnesium sulfate with control in adults undergoing general anesthesia for general abdominal surgery. Using random-effects models, data were presented as mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) or Odds Ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
In total, 31 studies involving 1762 participants met the inclusion criteria. The magnesium group showed significantly lower postoperative pain scores at both early (within six hours) and late (up to 24 hours) time points compared to the control group. The early mean score was 3.1 ± 1.4 vs. 4.2 ± 2.3, and the late mean score was 2.3 ± 1.1 vs. 2.7 ± 1.5, resulting in an overall Mean Difference (MD) of -0.72; 95% CI -0.99, -0.44; p < 0.00001. The magnesium group was associated with lower rates of postoperative opioid consumption and shivering and had a longer time to first analgesia administration compared to the saline control group.
CONCLUSION
Magnesium sulfate administration was linked to reduced postoperative pain and opioid consumption following general abdominal surgery.
Topics: Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Magnesium Sulfate; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Abdomen; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Analgesics, Opioid; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 38848810
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2024.844524 -
Biofilm Jun 2024Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may... (Review)
Review
Matrix-degrading enzymes are promising non-biocidal adjuncts to dental biofilm control and caries prevention. By disrupting the biofilm matrix structure, enzymes may prevent biofilm formation or disperse established biofilms without compromising the microbial homeostasis in the mouth. This study reviewed whether treatment with mutanase and/or dextranase inhibits cariogenic biofilm growth and/or removes cariogenic biofilms . An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LIVIVO databases. Manual searches were performed to identify additional records. Studies that quantitatively measured the effect of mutanase and/or dextranase on the inhibition/removal of cariogenic biofilms were considered eligible for inclusion. Out of 809 screened records, 34 articles investigating the effect of dextranase (n = 23), mutanase (n = 10), and/or combined enzyme treatment (n = 7) were included in the review. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was moderate. Most investigations used simple biofilm models based on one or few bacterial species and employed treatment times ≥30 min. The current evidence suggests that mutanase and dextranase, applied as single or combined treatment, are able to both inhibit and remove cariogenic biofilms. The pooled data indicate that enzymes are more effective for biofilm inhibition than removal, and an overall higher effect of mutanase compared to dextranase was observed.
PubMed: 38846328
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100202 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a prevalent habit in the Asian and Pacific regions. It is deeply intertwined within cultural customs, and has been reported to result in oral...
The association between betel quid use and oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders in Southeast Asian and Pacific regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE evidence profile.
BACKGROUND
Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a prevalent habit in the Asian and Pacific regions. It is deeply intertwined within cultural customs, and has been reported to result in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and malignant disorders (MDs).
OBJECTIVE
We aim to present a summative and broad overview of the burden that BQ chewing has imposed on the residents of the Southeast Asian, Pacific, and Australasian regions, allowing us to quantify the level of impact it is currently causing on the risk of people developing oral cancer.
METHODS
This scoping review and meta-analysis screened databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for publications that investigated the association between BQ and OPMDs and MDs. The search strategy involved MeSH headings relating to BQ, OPMDs, and MDs, and a search for results during the period between January 2010 and June 2023 within the set geographical boundaries of the Southeast Asian and Pacific regions. This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). R software was used to screen outliers. The included studies were further analysed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
RESULTS
Nine articles ( = 19,312 participants) presented odds ratio outcomes from 11 regionally different study groups. We indicated a strong correlation between BQ chewing and the increased risk of OMPDs and MDs. The risk was quantified through meta-analyses with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.18 (5.27-12.72) and an increased OR of 9.93 (7.36-13.39) when the outlier was removed. BQ chewing was further identified within various Australian communities and discovered to be produced locally in North Queensland.
DISCUSSION
A meta-analysis of two outcomes revealed substantial heterogeneity and minor evidence of publication bias, thus the association effect was included with and without these articles. The overall GRADE quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very high and highlighted five studies with a high level of imprecision.
CONCLUSION
The lingering high prevalence of BQ in the Southeast Asia and Pacific regions, as well as its rising acceptance among non-ethnic Australians, is alarming and requires prompt and rigorous intervention to prevent the risk of oral cancer.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42023429694).
PubMed: 38846318
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1397179