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Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2023This review attempted to explore all recent clinical studies that have investigated the clinical and autoimmune impact of gut microbiota interventions in multiple... (Review)
Review
This review attempted to explore all recent clinical studies that have investigated the clinical and autoimmune impact of gut microbiota interventions in multiple sclerosis (MS), including dietary protocols, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and intermittent fasting (IF). Thirteen studies were held between 2011 and 2023 this demonstrated interventions in gut microbiome among patients with MS and their impact the clinical parameters of the disease. These included specialized dietary interventions, the supply of probiotic mixtures, FMT, and IF. Dietary interventions positively affected various aspects of MS, including relapse rates, EDSS disability scores, MS-related fatigue, and metabolic features. Probiotic mixtures showed promising results on MS-related fatigue, EDSS parameters, inflammation; meanwhile, FMT-though a limited number of studies was included-indicated some clinical improvement in similar variables. IF showed reductions in EDSS scores and significant improvement in patients' emotional statuses. In dietary protocols, clinical MS parameters, including relapse rate, EDSS, MFIS, FSS, and MSQoL54 scales, were significantly improved through the application of a specific diet each time. Probiotic nutritional mixtures promote a shift in inflammation towards an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with MS. The administration of such mixtures affected disability, mood levels, and quality of life among patients with MS. FMT protocols possibly demonstrate a therapeutic effect in some case reports. IF protocols were found to ameliorate EDSS and FAMS scores. All interventional means of gut microbiome modulation provided significant conclusions on several clinical aspects of MS and highlight the complexity in the relationship between MS and the gut microbiome.
PubMed: 38137679
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247610 -
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences... 2023() is one of the most popular edible mushrooms in the world which has various pharmacological components. Recently, some animal studies have investigated the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
() is one of the most popular edible mushrooms in the world which has various pharmacological components. Recently, some animal studies have investigated the lipid-lowering effects of and have shown contradictory results. This study aims to systematically review the effects of on lipid parameters in animal studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in the Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to the end of January 2022. Only animal studies and all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster RCTs and randomized crossover trials were included. The English language studies that assessed the effects of on lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were selected.
RESULTS
Among 358 studies, 49 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. consumption was associated with decreased levels of TG (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.52, 95% CI: -1.79, -1.24), TC (SMD = -1.51, 95% CI: -1.75, -1.27), LDL-C (SMD = -2.03, 95% CI: -2.37, -1.69) and VLDL (SMD =-1.06, 95% CI: -1.638, -0.482). Furthermore, consumption was associated with increased levels of HDL-C (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.33).
CONCLUSION
has favorable effects on TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL. Different doses of have various degrees of effectiveness on lipid profiles.
PubMed: 38116485
DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_175_23 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2023The prosperity of our planet relies on the cardinal concept of sustainable development. The dietary choices of humans play a pivotal role in creating a peaceful and... (Review)
Review
The prosperity of our planet relies on the cardinal concept of sustainable development. The dietary choices of humans play a pivotal role in creating a peaceful and contented world. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD) has emerged as a valuable approach to accomplishing such progress, wherein the rights of all living beings are equally honored. This review aims to analyze the significance of a plant-based diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, in attaining sustainable development goals. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to gather the most reliable and published scientific evidence from books and papers. Within this research endeavor, specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are individually addressed in relation to the adoption of the Mediterranean diet as a foundational nutritional paradigm. Our research findings underscore the immense importance of the MD and advocate for its worldwide implementation to accomplish sustainable development objectives. The MD emerges as the most suitable dietary option for fostering sustainability and tranquility in our world. It is crucial to prioritize the global implementation of the MD to genuinely achieve sustainable development.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Mediterranean; Sustainable Development
PubMed: 38112950
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34693 -
European Journal of Oncology Nursing :... Feb 2024Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) and constipation (CIC) are among the most common and severe gastrointestinal symptoms related to chemotherapy. This review aimed to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) and constipation (CIC) are among the most common and severe gastrointestinal symptoms related to chemotherapy. This review aimed to identify and describe the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions for the management of CID and CIC.
METHODS
The scoping review was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Evidence from five databases were included: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and APA PsycInfo. Data were systematically identified, screened, extracted and synthesised narratively to describe the evidence for non-pharmacological interventions and their effects on CID and CIC.
RESULTS
We included 33 studies, of which 18 investigated non-pharmacological interventions for CID management, six for CIC management, and nine for both CID and CIC management. Interventions were categorized into five groups, including (1) digital health interventions, (2) physical therapies, (3) diet and nutrition therapies, (4) education, and (5) multimodal. Diet and nutrition therapies were the most common to report potential effectiveness for CID and CIC outcomes. Most of the interventions were implemented in hospitals under the supervision of healthcare professionals and were investigated in randomised control trials.
CONCLUSIONS
The characteristics of non-pharmacological interventions were diverse, and the outcomes were inconsistent among the same type of interventions. Diet and nutritional interventions show promise but further research is needed to better understand their role and to contribute to the evidence base. Nurses are well placed to assess and monitor for CIC and CID, and also deliver effective non-pharmacological interventions.
Topics: Humans; Constipation; Diet; Health Personnel; Diarrhea
PubMed: 38104513
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102485 -
Journal of Crohn's & Colitis Jun 2024Diet plays an integral role in the modulation of the intestinal environment, with the potential to be modified for management of individuals with inflammatory bowel...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Diet plays an integral role in the modulation of the intestinal environment, with the potential to be modified for management of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. It has been hypothesised that poor 'Western-style' dietary patterns select for a microbiota that drives IBD inflammation and, that through dietary intervention, a healthy microbiota may be restored. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and assess current available evidence regarding the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota composition in IBD patients, and how this may affect disease activity.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 2013 to June 2023, to identify studies investigating diet and microbiota in IBD.
RESULTS
Thirteen primary studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for narrative synthesis. Reported associations between diet and microbiota in IBD were conflicting due to the considerable degree of heterogeneity between studies. Nine intervention studies trialled specific diets and did not demonstrate significant shifts in the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbial communities or improvement in disease outcomes. The remaining four cross-sectional studies did not find a specific microbial signature associated with habitual dietary patterns in IBD patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Diet modulates the gut microbiota, and this may have implications for IBD; however, the body of evidence does not currently support clear dietary patterns or food constituents that are associated with a specific microbiota profile or disease marker in IBD patients. Further research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology to achieve improved identification of associations.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Diet
PubMed: 38102104
DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad204 -
Cureus Nov 2023Hypertension treatment should involve non-pharmacological interventions such as dietary salt restriction, weight loss, exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and dietary... (Review)
Review
Hypertension treatment should involve non-pharmacological interventions such as dietary salt restriction, weight loss, exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet. Significant impacts of these interventions have been suggested for a long time. This systematic review aims to assess the influence of non-pharmacological therapies on hypertension patients' ability to control their blood pressure. The review will concentrate on randomized controlled trials examining how non-pharmacological therapies affect blood pressure regulation in hypertension patients. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. A comprehensive search for relevant studies was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: EMBASE, OVID-MEDLINE, and PubMed. The search covered the period between January 2000 and August 2023. The search strategy included a combination of keywords related to hypertension, non-pharmacological interventions, and blood pressure control. A thorough literature evaluation of papers from the EMBASE, OVID-MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was part of the procedure for choosing the studies. Combinations of the keywords telemedicine, primary care, and effectiveness were used for the search. Only studies published in English between January 2000 and August 2023 were included in the search. Through database searching, 862 entries were found, of which 321 were from EMBASE, 112 from OVID-MEDLINE, and 429 from PubMed. After duplicate records were eliminated, 117 records were checked for eligibility. Of these, 100 were disregarded for a variety of reasons, including not relevant to the objectives of the study (n = 63), abstracts or reviews (n = 8), and studies that failed to present interesting research findings (n = 36). The eligibility of the remaining 10 full-text publications was evaluated. Ten articles passed the inclusion tests and were added to the research after a thorough evaluation. Lifestyle modifications are important and have a significant impact on controlling hypertension and a positive impact on reducing blood pressure. Combination therapy is more effective; however, adherence to the modifications is the most important factor affecting the outcomes.
PubMed: 38074046
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48444 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Pooled data from published reports on infants with clinically diagnosed vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency were analyzed with the purpose of describing the presentation,... (Review)
Review
Pooled data from published reports on infants with clinically diagnosed vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency were analyzed with the purpose of describing the presentation, diagnostic approaches, and risk factors for the condition to inform prevention strategies. An electronic (PubMed database) and manual literature search following the PRISMA approach was conducted (preregistration with the Open Science Framework, accessed on 15 February 2023). Data were described and analyzed using correlation analyses, Chi-square tests, ANOVAs, and regression analyses, and 102 publications (292 cases) were analyzed. The mean age at first symptoms (anemia, various neurological symptoms) was four months; the mean time to diagnosis was 2.6 months. Maternal B12 at diagnosis, exclusive breastfeeding, and a maternal diet low in B12 predicted infant B12, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine. Infant B12 deficiency is still not easily diagnosed. Methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine are useful diagnostic parameters in addition to B12 levels. Since maternal B12 status predicts infant B12 status, it would probably be advantageous to target women in early pregnancy or even preconceptionally to prevent infant B12 deficiency, rather than to rely on newborn screening that often does not reliably identify high-risk children.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Child; Humans; Female; Methylmalonic Acid; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Breast Feeding; Homocysteine
PubMed: 38068819
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234960 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Dec 2023Exercise is known to reduce adverse side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) on quality of life, bone health and fatigue for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy of multidisciplinary interventions in preventing metabolic syndrome and improving body composition in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Exercise is known to reduce adverse side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) on quality of life, bone health and fatigue for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of multidisciplinary interventions on body composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in ADT-treated PCa patients.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Scopus databases from inception to March 2023. Participants included ADT-treated PCa patients who received multidisciplinary interventions including exercise, diet, nutrition, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, or psychological/behavioural therapy. Primary outcomes were changes in body composition and MetS, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a secondary outcome. After meta-analysis, results were reported in mean difference, 95% confidence interval and p-value, with forest plots. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to compare the effect of different interventions.
RESULTS
Thirty-three articles met the eligibility criteria out of 1443 articles and 28 studies were included in meta-analysis. Of 33 studies, 17 included exercise-only interventions and 10 included exercise + diet/nutrition interventions, but no studies included diet/nutrition-only interventions. All studies employed multidisciplinary approaches in developing or delivering the interventions. Most studies (85%) had low-moderate risk of bias, thus providing good evidence to this review. Overall, interventions had a positive effect on body composition measures; lean mass (LM):0.82 kg (95% CI:0.47,1.17;p < 0.00001), body fat mass (BFM):-0.68 kg (95% CI:-1.12,-0.24;p = 0.002), fat-free mass:0.75 kg (95% CI:0.14,1.37;p = 0.02) and body fat percentage (BFP):-0.99% (95% CI:-1.29,-0.68;p < 0.00001), as well as on MetS; waist circumference:-1.95 cm (95% CI:-3.10,-0.79;p = 0.0009), systolic blood pressure:-3.43 mmHg (95% CI:-6.36,-0.50;p = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure:-2.48 mmHg (95% CI:-4.19,-0.76;p = 0.005). Subgroup-analyses showed that a combined approach including exercise + diet/nutrition was most effective in improving BFP, WC, SBP and DBP whereas exercise was more effective in improving LM and BFM.
CONCLUSIONS
In ADT-treated PCa patients, multidisciplinary interventions, especially those combining exercise and diet/nutrition, can improve body composition and metabolic health.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatic Neoplasms; Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Metabolic Syndrome; Quality of Life; Body Composition
PubMed: 38057016
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.09.001 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Feb 2024The Mediterranean diet is a global, well-known healthy dietary pattern. This review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the relationship between the maternal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The Mediterranean diet is a global, well-known healthy dietary pattern. This review aims to synthesize the existing evidence on the relationship between the maternal Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 10 March, 2023, supplemented by manual screening. A random-effect model was used to estimate pooled sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for specific outcomes of interest. Data from 5 RCTs and 18 cohort studies with 107,355 pregnant participants were synthesized. In RCTs, it was observed that the maternal Mediterranean diet significantly reduced the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR), 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.93], as well as small for gestational age (0.55; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.88). In cohort studies, the highest adherence score to the maternal Mediterranean diet was inversely associated with a lower risk of various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.00), pregnancy-induced hypertension (0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89), pre-eclampsia (0.77; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.93), preterm delivery (0.67; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.91), low birth weight (0.70; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.78), intrauterine growth restriction (0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.91), and increased gestational age at delivery (weighted mean difference, 0.11 wk; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.20). Meta-regression analyses did not identify the adjustment for confounders and geographical location as predictive factors for heterogeneity. The results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy appears to be beneficial for perinatal outcomes. Future, larger, and higher-quality RCTs and cohort studies are warranted to confirm the present findings. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42023406317.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet, Mediterranean; Pregnancy Outcome; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Pre-Eclampsia; Fetal Growth Retardation
PubMed: 38042258
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100159 -
PloS One 2023The importance of leptin in controlling body mass has recently gained more attention. Its levels are directly associated with the amount of fat mass, but not necessarily... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The importance of leptin in controlling body mass has recently gained more attention. Its levels are directly associated with the amount of fat mass, but not necessarily dependent on it. Exercise has great potential in reducing leptin levels, however the response of exercise to this cytokine is still not well understood.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the review was to analyze the effects of physical exercise on plasma leptin concentration, either acutely (post-exercise/training session) and/or after a training period (short- or long-term), as well as to investigate the existence of possible moderating variables.
METHODS
The studies included in this systematic review were published between 2005 and May 2023. Only peer-reviewed studies, available in English, performed with humans that evaluated the effects of any form of exercise on leptin levels were included. The search was conducted on May 03, 2023, in Embase (Elsevier), MEDLINE via PubMed®, and Web of Science (Core collection). The risk of bias in the included trials was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool, considering 11 questions regarding the methodology of each study with 10 questions being scored. The data (n, mean, and standard deviation) were extracted from included studies to perform random effects meta-analyses using standardized mean difference between the pre- and post-intervention effects.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies (acute effect: 262 subjects; short- and long-term effect: 377 subjects) were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Short- and long-term physical exercise and caloric restriction plus exercise reduce plasma leptin levels, presenting statistically significant differences (p<0.001); as well as acute effect (p = 0.035), however the latter result was influenced by the pre-exercise meal as shown in the subgroup analysis. In this meta-analysis the effect of moderating factors on leptin reduction, not addressed by past reviews, is verified, such as the relationship with caloric restriction, exercise intensity and pre-exercise meal on acute responses.
CONCLUSION
Both acute and chronic exercise reduce leptin levels, yet the acute effect is dependent on the pre-exercise meal. In addition to having a long-term reduction in leptin levels, the minimum amount of weekly exercise to have a significant reduction in plasma leptin is 180 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise and 120 minutes of high-intensity exercise.
Topics: Humans; Caloric Restriction; Leptin; Exercise; Fasting
PubMed: 38015889
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288730