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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2019: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction disorder, and repetitive behavior. Dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) could be a contributing factor to the appearance of ASD, as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are comorbidities frequently reported in ASD. As there is a lack of reviews about the role played by GM in the GI symptoms of ASD, this work aimed to carry out a systematic review of current studies comparing the GM of children with ASD and GI symptoms with those of healthy controls in the last six years. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The databases chosen were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO, and the keywords were (gut* OR intestine* OR bowel* OR gastrointestinal*) AND (microbiota* OR microflora* OR bacteria* OR microbiome* OR flora* OR bacterial* OR bacteria* OR microorganism* OR feces* OR stool*) AND (autistic* OR autism* OR ASD*). : A total of 16 articles were included. Ten articles performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and ASD. Among those 10 articles, 7 found differences between the GI symptoms present in children with ASD and healthy controls. The most common GI symptom was constipation. Among the seven articles that found differences, three performed correlations analysis between GI symptoms and gut microbe abundance. , , , and showed higher and lower abundance, respectively, in children with ASD and GI symptoms in more than one article. , , , , , , and / ratios showed abundance discrepancies. : It is still too early to draw a conclusion about the gut microbes involved in GI symptoms of ASD. Future research should consider the relationship between ASD behavior, GM, and GI symptoms in a multidisciplinary way and homogenize sample characteristics.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Syndrome
PubMed: 31357482
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080408 -
Journal of Traditional and... Jul 2019Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association of coffee consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies to determine the clinical effects... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association of coffee consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, studies to determine the clinical effects of coffee consumption on the glucose metabolism biomarkers remain uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism. A search of electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science) was performed identifying studies published until September 2017. Eight clinical trials (n = 247 subjects) were identified for analyses. Participants and studies characteristics, main findings, and study quality (Jadad Score) were reported. Short-term (1-3 h) and long-term (2-16 weeks) studies were summarized separately. Short-term studies showed that consumption of caffeinated coffee may increase the area under the curve for glucose response, while for long-term studies, caffeinated coffee may improve the glycaemic metabolism by reducing the glucose curve and increasing the insulin response. The findings suggest that consumption of caffeinated coffee may lead to unfavourable acute effects; however, an improvement on glucose metabolism was found on long-term follow-up.
PubMed: 31193893
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.001 -
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2016This review presents the current initiatives and potential for development in the field of animal health surveillance (AHSyS), 5 years on from its advent to the front of... (Review)
Review
This review presents the current initiatives and potential for development in the field of animal health surveillance (AHSyS), 5 years on from its advent to the front of the veterinary public health scene. A systematic review approach was used to document the ongoing AHSyS initiatives (active systems and those in pilot phase) and recent methodological developments. Clinical data from practitioners and laboratory data remain the main data sources for AHSyS. However, although not currently integrated into prospectively running initiatives, production data, mortality data, abattoir data, and new media sources (such as Internet searches) have been the objective of an increasing number of publications seeking to develop and validate new AHSyS indicators. Some limitations inherent to AHSyS such as reporting sustainability and the lack of classification standards continue to hinder the development of automated syndromic analysis and interpretation. In an era of ubiquitous electronic collection of animal health data, surveillance experts are increasingly interested in running multivariate systems (which concurrently monitor several data streams) as they are inferentially more accurate than univariate systems. Thus, Bayesian methodologies, which are much more apt to discover the interplay among multiple syndromic data sources, are foreseen to play a big part in the future of AHSyS. It has become clear that early detection of outbreaks may not be the principal expected benefit of AHSyS. As more systems will enter an active prospective phase, following the intensive development stage of the last 5 years, the study envisions AHSyS, in particular for livestock, to significantly contribute to future international-, national-, and local-level animal health intelligence, going beyond the detection and monitoring of disease events by contributing solid situation awareness of animal welfare and health at various stages along the food-producing chain, and an understanding of the risk management involving actors in this value chain.
PubMed: 30050848
DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S90182 -
Epidemiology and Infection Jul 2015In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This... (Review)
Review
In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n = 49) and re-emerging (n = 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n = 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n = 23) and passive (n = 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n = 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n = 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n = 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n = 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.
Topics: Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Early Diagnosis; Epidemiological Monitoring; Zoonoses
PubMed: 25353252
DOI: 10.1017/S095026881400212X