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Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official... Oct 2022The primary aim was to determine the clinical success rate after treatment for talocalcaneal (TCC) and calcaneonavicular coalitions (CNC). The secondary aim was to...
BACKGROUND
The primary aim was to determine the clinical success rate after treatment for talocalcaneal (TCC) and calcaneonavicular coalitions (CNC). The secondary aim was to evaluate the complication, recurrence and revision rate.
METHODS
A search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Methodological quality was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS) criteria. The primary outcome was the clinical success rate and was pooled per type of coalition and treatment modality. 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of the success rates were calculated. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, coalition recurrence rates, revision rates and pain improvement using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A sub-analysis on interposition material was performed.
RESULTS
43 articles comprising of 1284 coalitions were included, with a pooled mean follow-up of 51 months. Methodological quality was fair. The overall pooled success rate for TCCs was 79% (95% CI, 75%-83%). Conservative treatment, open resection and arthroscopic resection of TCCs resulted in success rates of 58% (95% CI, 42%-73%), 80% (95% CI, 76%-84%) and 86% (95% CI, 71%-94%), respectively. CNCs have an overall success rate of 81% (95% CI, 75%-85%), with 100% (95% CI, 34%-100%), 80% (95% CI, 74%-85%) and 100% (95% CI, 65%-100%) for conservative treatment, open resection and arthroscopic resection, respectively. Pooled complication rates of 4% (95% CI, 3%-7%) for TCCs and 6% (95% CI, 4%-11%) for CNCs were found. The success rates of resection with and without interposition material for TCCs were 83% (95% CI, 78%-87%) and 79% (95% CI, 65%-88%), and for CNCs 81% (95% CI, 76%-86%) and 69% (95% CI, 44%-85%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Treatment of tarsal coalitions can be considered good to excellent as well as safe, with an overall clinical success rate of 79% for TCCs and 81% for CNCs. Arthroscopic resection of the coalition appears to be non-inferior to open resection of TCCs and CNCs.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, Systematic Review.
Topics: Carpal Bones; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Stapes; Synostosis; Tarsal Bones; Tarsal Coalition
PubMed: 35397990
DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.03.011 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022This meta-analysis aims to compare Apert syndrome (AS) patients with non-AS populations (not clinically or genetically diagnosed) on craniofacial cephalometric... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis aims to compare Apert syndrome (AS) patients with non-AS populations (not clinically or genetically diagnosed) on craniofacial cephalometric characteristics (CCC) to combine publicly available scientific information while also improving the validity of primary study findings. A comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, an article published between 1st January 2000 to October 17th, 2021. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to carry out this systematic review. We used the PECO system to classify people with AS based on whether or not they had distinctive CCC compared to the non-AS population. Following are some examples of how PECO has been used: People with AS are labeled P; clinical or genetic diagnosis of AS is labeled E; individuals without AS are labeled C; CCC of AS are labeled O. Using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality-Assessment-Scale, independent reviewers assessed the articles' methodological quality and extracted data. 13 studies were included in the systematic review. 8 out of 13 studies were score 7-8 in NOS scale, which indicated that most of the studies were medium to high qualities. Six case-control studies were analyzed for meta-analysis. Due to the wide range of variability in CCC, we were only able to include data from at least three previous studies. There was a statistically significant difference in N-S-PP (I: 76.56%; P = 0.014; CI 1.27 to - 0.28) and Greater wing angle (I: 79.07%; P = 0.008; CI 3.07-1.17) between AS and control subjects. Cleft palate, anterior open bite, crowding in the upper jaw, and hypodontia occurred more frequently among AS patients. Significant shortening of the mandibular width, height and length is the most reported feature in AS patients. CT scans can help patients with AS decide whether to pursue orthodontic treatment alone or to have their mouth surgically expanded. The role of well-informed orthodontic and maxillofacial practitioners is critical in preventing and rehabilitating oral health issues.
Topics: Acrocephalosyndactylia; Cephalometry; Cleft Palate; Humans; Research Report
PubMed: 35383244
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09764-y -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022(1) Background: Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare condition due to the failure of the union process of the ossification nuclei of the clavicle. The... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare condition due to the failure of the union process of the ossification nuclei of the clavicle. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of relevant case series about the argument to find an up-to-date base of evidence for treatment choice. (2) Methods: an electronic literature research of Ovid, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted, and articles were selected based on inclusion criteria. Demographic data, clinical features, treatment options, outcomes and complications were analyzed. (3) Results: 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, showing a poor overall study quality; 231 pediatric patients (240 clavicles) were analyzed. The condition was typically right sided, showed no sex predominance and no clear predisposing factors. 156 patients underwent surgical treatment, mainly open debridement and refresh of bony ends, fixation with pin or plate and bone graft, with a successful union rate of 87.4%. The nonunion rate was significantly higher in the allograft group (44.4%, = 0.019). (4) Conclusions: this paper presents an updated systematic review about treatment of congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle. We confirm the generally satisfactory results of surgery, demonstrating that successful union is achievable in 87.4% of cases with a prevalence of 15.7% of major complications. Nonetheless our results should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations.
PubMed: 35204869
DOI: 10.3390/children9020147 -
International Journal of Oral and... Oct 2022The aim of this systematic review was to review the literature on hearing impairment and ear anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia and to determine their... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to review the literature on hearing impairment and ear anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia and to determine their prevalence. Sixty-two records including 5122 patients were included. Ear anomalies were present in 52-100% of patients. The most reported external ear malformations were microtia, pre-auricular tags, and atresia of the external auditory canal. Ossicular anomalies were the most reported middle ear malformations, whereas the most reported inner ear malformations included oval window anomalies, cochlear anomalies, and anomalies of the semicircular canals. Hearing loss in general was reported in 29-100% of patients, which comprised conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss. Between 21% and 51% of patients used hearing aids, and 58% underwent a surgical intervention to improve hearing. The relationship between different phenotypes of craniofacial microsomia and the type and severity of hearing loss is mostly unclear. In conclusion, the high prevalence of ear and hearing anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia underlines the importance of audiological screening in order to facilitate individual treatment.
Topics: Goldenhar Syndrome; Hearing Loss; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35125269
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.01.005 -
Pediatric Neurosurgery 2022Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of 2 or more skull bones. Craniosynostosis of the lambdoid suture is one of the rarest forms,...
BACKGROUND
Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of 2 or more skull bones. Craniosynostosis of the lambdoid suture is one of the rarest forms, accounting for 1-4% of all craniosynostoses. Documented cases are separated into simple (single suture), complex (bilateral), and associated with adjacent synostoses ("Mercedes Benz" Pattern) or syndromes (i.e., Crouzon, Sathre-Chotzen, Antley-Bixler). This condition can manifest phenotypic deformities and neurological sequelae that can lead to impaired cognitive function if improperly treated or left undiagnosed. Preferred surgical techniques have varied over time but all maintain the common goals of establishing proper head shape and preventing of complications that could contribute to aforementioned sequelae.
SUMMARY
This comprehensive review highlights demographic distributions, embryological development, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, neurological sequelae, radiologic findings, surgical techniques, surgical outcomes, and postoperative considerations of patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis presentation. In addition, a systematic review was conducted to explore the operative management of lambdoid craniosynostosis using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, with 38 articles included after screening. Key Messages: Due to a low volume of published cases, diagnosis and treatment can vary. Large overlap in presentation can occur in patients that display lambdoid craniosynostosis and posterior plagiocephaly, furthering the need for comprehensive analysis. Possessing the knowledge and tools to properly assess patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis will allow for more precise care and improved outcomes.
Topics: Cranial Sutures; Craniosynostoses; Humans; Infant; Neurosurgical Procedures; Plagiocephaly; Skull
PubMed: 34864743
DOI: 10.1159/000519175 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Jun 2022Nocebo effects occurring in patients receiving placebo frequently impact on adverse events reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in irritable bowel syndrome... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Nocebo effects occurring in patients receiving placebo frequently impact on adverse events reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the proportion of patients randomized to placebo or active drug experiencing any adverse event in trials of licensed drugs for IBS with constipation (IBS-C) or diarrhea (IBS-D), and to estimate the risk of developing adverse events among patients randomized to placebo.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE CLASSIC and EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (through June 2021) to identify RCTs comparing licensed drugs with placebo in adults with IBS-C or IBS-D. We generated Forest plots of pooled adverse event rates in both active drug and placebo arms and pooled risk differences (RDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
KEY RESULTS
There were 21 RCTs of licensed drugs versus placebo in IBS-C (5953 patients placebo) and 17 in IBS-D (3854 patients placebo). Overall, 34.9% and 46.9% of placebo patients in IBS-C and IBS-D trials, respectively, developed at least one adverse event, with a statistically significantly higher risk of any adverse event and withdrawal due to an adverse event with active drug. In IBS-C and IBS-D trials, rates of each individual adverse event were generally higher with active drug. However, in IBS-C trials, only diarrhea or headache was significantly more common with active drug (RD 0.066 (95% CI 0.043-0.088) and RD 0.011 (95% CI 0.002-0.021), respectively), and in IBS-D trials only constipation, nausea, or abdominal pain (RD 0.096 (95% CI 0.054-0.138), 0.014 (95% CI 0.002-0.027), and 0.018 (95% CI 0.002-0.034), respectively).
CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES
Patients with IBS randomized to placebo have a high risk of reporting adverse events, which might relate to both nocebo and non-nocebo factors. Although patients' expectations and psychosocial factors may be involved, further understanding of the mechanisms are important to control or optimize these effects in RCTs, as well as in clinical practice.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Constipation; Craniosynostoses; Diarrhea; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Nocebo Effect; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34672052
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14279 -
Foot (Edinburgh, Scotland) Dec 2021The standard of care in the treatment of symptomatic tarsal coalitions is open surgery. However, certain limitations exist with open surgery, which include limited... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The standard of care in the treatment of symptomatic tarsal coalitions is open surgery. However, certain limitations exist with open surgery, which include limited visualization leading to an incomplete resection and possible recurrence of the tarsal coalition. Arthroscopic tarsal coalition resection (TCR) is an alternative that is gaining traction, primarily as the safety profile of posterior ankle and subtalar arthroscopy is more well understood. This study provides a systematic review of the outcomes of arthroscopic TCR.
METHODS
PubMed and Embase were searched independently by 2 reviewers for relevant articles based on predetermined criteria. The subject heading "tarsal coalition" and its related key terms were used.
RESULTS
A total of 416 studies were revealed by the initial search, out of which only 6 met our predetermined inclusion criteria. A total of 42 patients (average age: 17.6 years) were treated with arthroscopic TCR. Thirty-three (78.6%) and 9 (21.4%) patients had talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 60 months (mean: 26 months), and no recurrence of the tarsal coalition was detected (0.0%). Complications occurred in two (4.8%) patients only, with one developing complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and another patient developing hyperesthesia on the medial aspect of the calcaneus.
CONCLUSION
Arthroscopic TCR is a feasible and effective surgery for both CNC and TCC with minimal complications and no disease recurrence at an average of 26 months follow-up. Future high-level of evidence studies are needed to compare the outcomes of open versus arthroscopic TCR.
Topics: Adolescent; Arthroscopy; Calcaneus; Humans; Synostosis; Tarsal Bones; Tarsal Coalition
PubMed: 34597922
DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2021.101864 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Dec 2021Posterior plagiocephaly (PP) is a common clinical condition in pediatric age. There are two main causes of PP: postural plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis. Early... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Posterior plagiocephaly (PP) is a common clinical condition in pediatric age. There are two main causes of PP: postural plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis. Early diagnosis is important, as it prevents neurological complications and emergencies. Diagnosis in the past was often made late and with imaging tests that subjected the infant to a high radiation load. Suture ultrasound does not use ionizing radiation; it is easy to perform, allows an early diagnosis, and directs toward the execution of the cranial 3D-CT scan, neurosurgical consultation, and possible intervention. The aim of the study is to describe the high sensitivity and specificity of suture ultrasound for the differential diagnosis between plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis.
METHODS
We reported our prospective experience and compared it with the data in the literature through a systematic review. The systematic review was conducted on electronic medical databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) evaluating the published literature up to November 2020. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-ANALYSES (PRISMA statement), we identified 2 eligible studies. Additionally, according to AMSTAR 2, all included reviews have been critically rated as high quality. A total of 120 infants with abnormal skull shape were examined in NICU. All underwent clinical and ultrasound examination.
RESULTS
Of the total, 105 (87.5%) had plagiocephaly and 15 dolichocephaly/scaphocephaly (12.5%). None of these had associated other types of malformations and/or neurological disorders. The synostotic suture was identified ultrasonographically in 1 infant and subsequently confirmed by 3D CT scan (100%).
CONCLUSION
Cranial sutures ultrasonography can be considered in infants a selective, excellent screening method for the evaluation of skull shape deformities as first technique before the 3D CT scan exam and subsequent neurosurgical evaluation. Cranial suture ultrasonography should be considered part of clinical practice especially for pediatricians.
Topics: Child; Cranial Sutures; Craniosynostoses; Humans; Infant; Plagiocephaly; Prospective Studies; Skull; Sutures; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34453581
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05324-3 -
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B Nov 2021Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) is one of the most common congenital disorders affecting the elbow and forearm, with the forearm being fixed in a range of...
Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS) is one of the most common congenital disorders affecting the elbow and forearm, with the forearm being fixed in a range of positions usually varying from neutral rotation to severe pronation. The aim of this study, apart from a systematic review of all surgical procedures described for CRUS, is to derive any correlation between various influencing factors, outcomes and complications. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses format by an electronic literature search of Ovid, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. Grading was according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Demographic data, surgical procedures, outcomes and complications were analyzed. Outcome data were pooled to establish means and ranges across all studies. Spearman correlations were performed. A total of 23 articles, showing a poor overall study quality (all Level of Evidence IV), met the inclusion criteria. A total of 374 forearms with a mean age of 6.7 years (2.0-18.8) were analyzed. Derotational surgeries were more commonly performed (91%) than motion-preserving surgeries (9%). The mean deformity improved from 64.8° pronation (-75° to 110°) to a mean of 2.8° pronation (-50° to 80°). In total, 17.9% of patients presented with complications. A significant correlation was noted between age and major complications, proximal osteotomies and complications, and postoperative loss of reduction and double level osteotomies as the primary treatment modality. Most of the complications occurred above the threshold of 65-70° of correction and in children 7 years and above. Surgery is essential to improve the quality of life of children with CRUS. However, each type of surgery is associated with complications, along with the respective hardware being used in rotation osteotomies. Caution is, nevertheless, warranted in interpreting these results in view of the inherent limitations of the included studies.
Topics: Child; Data Analysis; Humans; Quality of Life; Radius; Synostosis; Treatment Outcome; Ulna
PubMed: 33315801
DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000841 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryCraniosynostosis can be associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP), which can pose deleterious effects on the brain and vision if untreated. Estimating ICP in...
OBJECTIVE
Craniosynostosis can be associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP), which can pose deleterious effects on the brain and vision if untreated. Estimating ICP in children is challenging, whilst gold standard direct intracranial measurement of ICP is invasive and carries risk. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive imaging technique, for detecting raised ICP in children with craniosynostosis.
METHODS
The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature published from inception until 19 August, 2019 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. Eligible studies evaluated the role of OCT in detecting raised ICP in children aged 0 to 16 years with craniosynostosis. Main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of OCT parameters for raised ICP. Quality assessment was performed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies.
RESULTS
Out of 318 records identified, data meeting the inclusion criteria were obtained from 3 studies. The quality of 2 studies was poor whilst 1 was fair. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting raised ICP compared to fundus examination, clinical history, radiological testing, and visual field testing.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review demonstrated a lack of quality evidence for OCT as a screening tool for children with craniosynostosis. Further research is required to clarify the strength of OCT in this role and to determine which OCT parameters are most appropriate.
Topics: Child; Craniosynostoses; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 33185414
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006771