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Progress in Orthodontics Feb 2023Smile attractiveness is a primary factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment, however, there is yet no systematic evaluation of this topic in the literature. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Smile attractiveness is a primary factor for patients to seek orthodontic treatment, however, there is yet no systematic evaluation of this topic in the literature.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the current evidence on the effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness.
SEARCH METHODS
Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Embase) were searched on 14 September 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies evaluating smile attractiveness before and after orthodontic treatment or only after completion of orthodontic treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Extracted data included study design and setting, sample size and demographics, malocclusion type, treatment modality and method for outcome assessment. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomised studies. Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were planned a priori.
METHODS
After elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment according to the Cochrane guidelines, an evaluation of the overall evidence was performed. The included studies were evaluated based on the characteristics of their study and control groups and based on their main research question. Also, all outcome measures were standardized into a common assessment scale (0-100), in order to obtain more easily interpretable results.
RESULTS
Ten studies were included in this review, nine of which were assessed as being at serious risk of bias and one at moderate risk of bias. The large heterogeneity between the included studies did not allow for a meta-analysis. Orthodontic treatment has a moderately positive effect on smile attractiveness. When compared to no treatment, orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions improves smile attractiveness by 22%. Also, surgical correction of Class III cases increases smile attractiveness by 7.5% more than camouflage treatment. No other significant differences were shown between different types of treatment.
CONCLUSION
Based on the available data, orthodontic treatment seems to moderately improve the attractiveness of the smile. There is significant bias in the current literature assessing the effect of orthodontics on smile attractiveness; therefore, the results cannot be accepted with certainty.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Orthodontics; Extraoral Traction Appliances
PubMed: 36740663
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00456-5 -
Imaging Science in Dentistry Dec 2022The goal of this systematic review was to compare the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with that of computed tomography (CT) for volumetric evaluations of the...
PURPOSE
The goal of this systematic review was to compare the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with that of computed tomography (CT) for volumetric evaluations of the tongue and oral cavity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search for articles was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases were searched for articles published between 2011 and 2021. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. Screening involved checking for duplication, reading the title and abstract, and reading the full text.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 25,780 articles. Application of the eligibility criteria yielded 16 articles for qualitative analysis. Multiple uses of CBCT were identified. In several studies, researchers assessed the volumetric correlation between tongue and oral cavity volumes, as well as other parameters. Post-treatment volumetric evaluations of the oral cavity were also reported, and the reliability of CBCT was assessed. The use of CT resembled that of CBCT.
CONCLUSION
CBCT has been used in the evaluation of tongue and oral cavity volumes to assess correlations between those volumes and with the upper airway. It has also been used for volumetric evaluation after surgical and non-surgical procedures and to assess the relationships between tongue volume, tooth position, occlusion, and body mass index. Participants with obstructive sleep apnea and malocclusion have been evaluated, and the reliability of CBCT has been assessed. In the included studies, CT was utilized for similar purposes as CBCT, but its reliability was not assessed.
PubMed: 36605855
DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220067 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022Relapse after orthognathic surgery seems to depend on diverse factors. Proffit et al. postulated in 2007 a "hierarchy of stability" (Head Face Med 6:66, 2007), ranking...
OBJECTIVES
Relapse after orthognathic surgery seems to depend on diverse factors. Proffit et al. postulated in 2007 a "hierarchy of stability" (Head Face Med 6:66, 2007), ranking posttreatment stability after various orthognathic procedures, but no systematically reviewed evidence was provided. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate the extent of class II relapse in orthognathic surgery of Angle class II patients depending on the surgical procedure used.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seven databases were searched for randomized and controlled clinical trials to compare relapse in surgical procedures for Angle class II patients. After duplicate study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed with the ROBINS-I tool as well as data synthesis by frequency distribution, followed by assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE.
RESULTS
Four non-randomized cohort-studies with a total of 132 patients were included. Bimaxillary procedures as well mandibular advancement procedures proved to be highly stable. Single jaw interventions at the maxilla achieved mostly stable results at sagittal dimension and problematic stability in the vertical dimension. However, there were only limited data available with low quality of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Limited existing evidence of low quality partly support the postulated hierarchy of stability of Proffit et al. (Head Face Med 6:66, 2007) and indicates that a surgical correction of class II dysgnathia with bimaxillary procedures and mandibular advancement seems to be highly stable. However, additional studies are needed to address the relation between relapse and surgical orthognathic intervention. Trial registration PROSPERO 2019 CRD42019144873.
Topics: Humans; Orthognathic Surgery; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Mandible; Cephalometry; Follow-Up Studies; Maxilla; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Recurrence; Malocclusion, Angle Class III
PubMed: 36517840
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02636-x -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Nov 2022Background: Our study aimed to systematically summarize the dentoskeletal effects of Herbst appliance; Forsus fatigue resistance device; and Class II elastics in... (Review)
Review
Background: Our study aimed to systematically summarize the dentoskeletal effects of Herbst appliance; Forsus fatigue resistance device; and Class II elastics in adolescent Class II malocclusion. Methods: Five databases; unpublished literature; and reference lists were last searched in August 2022. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies of at least 10 Class II growing patients that assessed dentoskeletal effects through cephalometric/CBCT superimpositions were eligible. The included studies quality was assessed with the RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was explored with subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Results: Among nine studies (298 patients); two-to-three studies were included in each meta-analysis. Less post-treatment upper incisor retroclination (<2) and no overbite; overjet; SNA; SNB; and lower incisor inclination differences were found between Herbst/Forsus and Class II elastics. No differences in maxilla; condyle; glenoid fossa; and most mandibular changes were found between Herbst and Class II elastics; except for a greater 1.5 mm increase in mandibular length and right mandibular ramus height (1.6 mm) with Herbst. Conclusions: Herbst and Class II elastics corrected the molar relationship; but Herbst moved the lower molars more mesially. Apart from an additional mandibular length increase; no other dental and anteroposterior skeletal difference was found. Forsus was more effective in molar correction; overjet reduction; and upper incisor control than Class II elastics. Trial registration number OSF: 10.17605/OSF.IO/8TK3R.
PubMed: 36498570
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236995 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2022Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and... (Review)
Review
Bullying is a social problem that affects children and adolescents in particular. It deteriorates the selfesteem of its victims, decreases their quality of life and generates future psychological problems. The aim of this review was to determine the influence of dentofacial characteristics on the appearance of selfreported bullying through a literature review. A systematic search was carried out in the databases of international scientific literature on health sciences, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO. Up to October 10, 2020, a total of 348 articles were identified, but only 36 were ultimately selected for the review. Specific keywords in English were used in the search: "dentofacial features"; "soft tissue"; and "malocclusion". It was found that the appearance of bullying was associated with altered facial profiles, namely the presence of different classes of malocclusion, with class II or class III malocclusion being the most impactful. Altered dentofacial characteristics can make an individual the target of harassment, leading to low quality of life, emotional instability, low self-esteem, and the lack of confidence with regard to dentofacial appearance as well as poor long-term social and academic performance. There is a need to develop preventive measures that would be applied by both parents and authorities, with disseminating information on bullying in schools as well as on adequate oral hygiene and the importance of going to the dentist. Traditional and cybernetic bullying share similarities. While working out strategies against bullying, it is essential to raise awareness among victims and bullies, families, and society, and to determine how bullying is perceived by children and teenagers.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bullying; Malocclusion; Quality of Life; Schools; Self Report
PubMed: 36421048
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/138636 -
PloS One 2022The association of head and cervical posture with malocclusion has been studied for many years. Despite extensively encouraging researches, no conclusive evidence has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The association of head and cervical posture with malocclusion has been studied for many years. Despite extensively encouraging researches, no conclusive evidence has been reached for clinical application.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the question "Does head and cervical posture correlate to malocclusion?", a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the available studies were carried out (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022319742).
METHODS
A search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the grey literature was performed without language restrictions. The study screening, data extraction, risk-of-bias evaluation and methodological quality assessment were performed by two independent investigators. When a disagreement arose, a third author was consulted.
RESULTS
6 original cross-sectional studies involving 505 participants were included, which were of moderate methodological quality. NL/VER in Class Ⅱ group and NL/CVT in Class Ⅲ group showed significant differences compared to Class Ⅰ group, but no significant differences were observed in most of the variables like NSL/VER, OPT/CVT, OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NL/OPT in Class Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that the current research evidence is not sound enough to prove the association of head and cervical posture with sagittal malocclusion. Better controlled design and a larger sample size are required for clarifying this question in future study.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Malocclusion; Neck; Posture
PubMed: 36282836
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276156 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental arch spatial changes in maxillary and mandibular arches after premature loss of primary molars.
AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental arch spatial changes in maxillary and mandibular arches after premature loss of primary molars.
INTRODUCTION
Primary teeth must be maintained during the change from primary to mixed and then permanent dentition, to preserve and maintain the dental arch. When this normal process is disturbed, usually due to severe decay requiring extraction before normal exfoliation, it can result in migration of adjacent teeth toward the missing space resulting in decreased arch length and malocclusion in the permanent dentition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, LILACS, and ScienceDirect. The title and abstract were screened to find relevant articles, which were then reviewed in full to see if they were worthy of inclusion. All longitudinal and observational studies that looked at space changes after the loss of primary first or second molars were included. Quality assessment of the studies was done based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale as all the included studies were non-randomized studies.
RESULTS
Four thousand five hundred and seventy-eight articles were identified by screening electronic database and assessed for eligibility, 12 full-text articles were assessed, and 4 full-text articles were excluded as they did not match the inclusion criteria. Thus, eight articles were included in this systematic review. Short term and long term space changes and loss of maxillary and mandibular molars were studied individually. In the short term changes, the distal migration of the primary cuspid towards the missing space within 1 month was attributable to early space changes after premature loss of the mandibular first molar, and the greatest space loss was recorded in the first 3 months after premature loss. After the premature loss of the maxillary first molar, immediate space loss of 1mm was documented due to distal migration of the primary canine. Studies found that space loss was caused by the distal migration of primary canines in the case of mandibular primary first molar loss, and that space loss was larger in the mandibular arch after premature loss of second primary molars.
CONCLUSION
The greatest repercussions occurred during the first 3 months after the deciduous molars were extracted, and a space maintainer was recommended in the majority of cases, mainly when there is premature loss of mandibular second primary molar as it leads to mesial displacement of the first permanent molar.
Topics: Dental Arch; Maxilla; Molar; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 36260463
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_230_22 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2022This systematic review evaluated the available evidence regarding the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue effects of orthodontic camouflage (OC) versus... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review evaluated the available evidence regarding the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue effects of orthodontic camouflage (OC) versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical (OOS) treatment in borderline class III malocclusion patients.
METHODS
Eligibility criteria. The included studies were clinical trials and/or follow-up observational studies (retrospective and prospective). Information sources. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LILACS were searched up to October 2021. Risk of bias. Downs and Black quality assessment checklist was used. Synthesis of results. The outcomes were the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes obtained from pre- and post-cephalometric measurements.
RESULTS
Included studies. Out of 2089 retrieved articles, 6 were eligible and thus included in the subsequent analyses. Their overall risk of bias was moderate. Outcome results. The results are presented as pre- and post-treatment values or mean changes in both groups. Two studies reported significant retrusion of the maxillary and mandibular bases in OC, in contrast to significant maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion with increased ANB angle in OOS. Regarding the vertical jaw relation, one study reported a significant decrease in mandibular plane inclination in OC and a significant increase in OOS. Most of the included studies reported a significant proclination in the maxillary incisors in both groups. Three studies reported a significant proclination of the mandibular incisors in OOS, while four studies reported retroclination in OC.
CONCLUSION
Interpretation. The OSS has a protrusive effect on the maxillary base, retrusive effect on the mandibular base, and thus improvement in the sagittal relationship accompanied with a clockwise rotational effect on the mandibular plane. The OC has more proclination effect on the maxillary incisors and retroclination effect on the mandibular incisors compared to OOS. Limitation. Meta-analysis was not possible due to considerable variations among the included studies. Owing to the fact that some important data in the included studies were missing, conducting further studies with more standardized methodologies is highly urgent. Registration. The protocol for this systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, No.: CRD42020199591).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The common features including skeletal, dental, and soft tissue characteristics of borderline class III malocclusion cases make it more difficult to select the most appropriate treatment modality that can be either OC or OOS. The availability of high-level evidence-systematic reviews-makes the clinical decision much more clear and based on scientific basis rather than personal preference.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Cephalometry; Maxilla; Mandible; Malocclusion, Angle Class II
PubMed: 36098813
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04685-6 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022This systematic review evaluates the variation in molar bite force (MBF) with the type and severity of dental malocclusion in young adults with permanent dentition. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review evaluates the variation in molar bite force (MBF) with the type and severity of dental malocclusion in young adults with permanent dentition.
METHODS
We searched seven electronic databases until December 31, 2021, and identified 1898 articles, of which 22 full-texts were reviewed. Eight clinical studies with subjects having permanent dentition with various dental malocclusions and quantifying maximal bite force were included for the review. Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias and GRADE to study the certainty of evidence. Articles were evaluated for the primary outcome (variation of MBF in different malocclusion groups) and confounding factors affecting MBF.
RESULTS
All studies measured MBF in individuals with normal and malocclusion, with 2329 subjects having permanent dentition. A positive correlation of Class I normal occlusion with the bite force was seen compared to Class II and III malocclusion. Unilateral crossbite patients had lesser bite force. Six studies with 1023 males and 1175 females showed MBF more in males than females. In 3 studies (332 subjects), no significant difference for MBF between the right and left sides of the jaws was measured.
CONCLUSION
MBF decreases significantly with vertical and transverse craniofacial and dental discrepancy. Normal sagittal occlusion has more molar bite force than patients with different malocclusions. Also, MBF is more in males than females, and it increases with age.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021249328.
PubMed: 36092457
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.009 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022Skeletal Class II malocclusion is the most common skeletal anomaly in orthodontics. Growth in the body of the deficient mandible is induced by periosteal apposition and... (Review)
Review
Skeletal Class II malocclusion is the most common skeletal anomaly in orthodontics. Growth in the body of the deficient mandible is induced by periosteal apposition and endochondral ossification in the condyle. Functional appliances have been used in the correction of Class II malocclusions by inducing mandibular growth. Despite their utilization though, their effect still remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to review the existing literature regarding the effects of mandibular protrusion in mandibular growth of growing rats. A protocol was followed according to the guidelines of the . Databases were searched using a specific algorithm. From the ten studies finally analyzed, we conclude that the use of a functional appliance in growing rats induces cell proliferation and bone formation in their condyles, resulting in mandibular growth.
PubMed: 36009649
DOI: 10.3390/ani12162059