-
Schizophrenia Bulletin Open Jan 2024People with serious mental illness (SMI; psychotic and affective disorders with psychosis) are at an increased risk of suicide, yet there is limited research on the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
People with serious mental illness (SMI; psychotic and affective disorders with psychosis) are at an increased risk of suicide, yet there is limited research on the correlates of suicide in SMI. Social cognitive impairments are common among people with SMI and several studies have examined social cognition and suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior. This systematic review aims to evaluate the links between various domains of social cognition, SI, and suicidal behavior in SMI.
STUDY DESIGN
Electronic databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) were searched through June 2023. Records obtained through this search ( = 618) were screened by 2 independent reviewers according to inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted, and study quality was assessed.
STUDY RESULTS
Studies ( = 16) from 12 independent samples were included in the systematic review ( = 2631, sample sizes ranged from = 20 to = 593). Assessments of social cognition and SI and behavior varied widely between studies. Broadly, effects were mixed. Better emotion recognition of negative affect was linked to SI and a history of suicide attempts, though there is little consistent evidence for the relationship of emotion recognition and SI or behavior. On the other hand, better theory of mind ability was linked to SI and a history of suicide attempts. Furthermore, negative attributional bias was linked to current SI, but not a history of SI or attempt.
CONCLUSIONS
This review suggests mixed associations between social cognition, SI, and behavior in SMI. Future research should evaluate additional mediators and moderators of social cognition and suicide, employing prospective designs.
PubMed: 38617732
DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae007 -
Cureus Mar 2024The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in the affective symptoms observed in patients with bipolar disorder. The... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in the affective symptoms observed in patients with bipolar disorder. The present systematic literature review included clinical studies conducted from 2013-2023 among adult populations with bipolar I and II disorders, along with their specifiers. With regard to cerebellar pathology, it was found that those with bipolar disorder performed worse than their healthy counterparts in their ability to comprehend the mental states of others and in identifying negative mental states. Additionally, individuals with bipolar disorder had reduced gray matter loss in regions such as lobules I-IX, crus I, and crus II, different functional activation patterns of the thalamus, striatum, and hippocampus on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and increased cortical thickness. Cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivities were altered in patients with bipolar disorder. The effects of lamotrigine and lithium on cerebellar volume and abnormalities are also discussed in this paper. The present systematic literature review illustrates the emerging involvement of the cerebellum in bipolar disorder and its affective symptoms and paves the way for future research and a better understanding of bipolar disorder.
PubMed: 38606213
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56044 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jun 2024The effectiveness of universal preventive approaches in reducing the incidence of affective/psychotic disorders is unclear. We therefore aimed to synthesise the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effectiveness of universal preventive approaches in reducing the incidence of affective/psychotic disorders is unclear. We therefore aimed to synthesise the available evidence from randomised controlled trials. For studies reporting change in prevalence, we simulated all possible scenarios for the proportion of individuals with the disorder at baseline and at follow-up to exclude them. We then combined these data with studies directly measuring incidence and conducted random effects meta-analysis with relative risk (RR) to estimate the incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group. Eighteen studies (k=21 samples) were included investigating the universal prevention of depression in 66,625 individuals. No studies were available investigating universal prevention on the incidence of bipolar/psychotic disorders. 63 % of simulated scenarios showed a significant preventive effect on reducing the incidence of depression (k=9 - 19, RR=0.75-0.94, 95 %CIs=0.55-0.87,0.93-1.15, p=0.007-0.246) but did not survive sensitivity analyses. There is some limited evidence for the effectiveness of universal interventions for reducing the incidence of depression but not for bipolar/psychotic disorders.
Topics: Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Incidence; Bipolar Disorder; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 38599355
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105669 -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2024Yoga can be used as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Sustained practice of yoga can generate a...
BACKGROUND
Yoga can be used as a complementary intervention to conventional treatments, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological. Sustained practice of yoga can generate a series of benefits for individuals' quality of life and improve their physical fitness.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the potential effects of yoga as an adjunct intervention in conditions involving impulse control issues, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline personality disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and substance use disorders.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of placebo-controlled, randomized trials of yoga in patients with impulsivity. PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched for trials published up to January, 2023. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations.
RESULTS
Out of 277 database results, 6 RCT were included in this systematic review. To assess the level of attention and impulsiveness, the following scales were analyzed: Barratt Impulsiveness, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale, Conners' Continuous Performance Test IIª and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long.
CONCLUSIONS
Yoga didn't have a significant improvement in impulsivity when compared to placebo. There are many tools to assess impulsivity, but they mean different concepts and domains consisting in a weakness on comparison of yoga effects.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42023389088.
Topics: Humans; Yoga; Quality of Life; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Impulsive Behavior; Bipolar Disorder
PubMed: 38594701
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05608-3 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2024Bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity is an emerging condition in psychiatry, with relevant nosological, clinical, and therapeutic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbidity is an emerging condition in psychiatry, with relevant nosological, clinical, and therapeutic implications.
METHODS
We updated our previous systematic review on epidemiology and standard diagnostic validators (including phenomenology, course of illness, heredity, biological markers, and treatment response) of BD-OCD. Relevant papers published until (and including) 15 October 2023 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library, according to the PRISMA statement (PROSPERO registration number, CRD42021267685).
RESULTS
We identified 38 new articles, which added to the previous 64 and raised the total to 102. The lifetime comorbidity prevalence ranged from 0.26 to 27.8% for BD and from 0.3 to 53.3% for OCD. The onset of the two disorders appears to be often overlapping, although the appearance of the primary disorder may influence the outcome. Compared to a single diagnosis, BD-OCD exhibited a distinct pattern of OC symptoms typically following an episodic course, occurring in up to 75% of cases (vs. 3%). Notably, these OC symptoms tended to worsen during depressive episodes (78%) and improve during manic or hypomanic episodes (64%). Similarly, a BD course appears to be chronic in individuals with BD-OCD in comparison to patients without. Additionally, individuals with BD-OCD comorbidity experienced more depressive episodes (mean of 8.9 ± 4.2) compared to those without comorbidity (mean of 4.1 ± 2.7).
CONCLUSIONS
We found a greater likelihood of antidepressant-induced manic/hypomanic episodes (60% vs. 4.1%), and mood stabilizers with antipsychotic add-ons emerging as a preferred treatment. In line with our previous work, BD-OCD comorbidity encompasses a condition of greater nosological and clinical complexity than individual disorders.
PubMed: 38592113
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051230 -
Psychiatry Research May 2024Season-of-birth associations with psychiatric disorders point to environmental (co-)aetiological factors such as natural photoperiod that, if clarified, may allow...
Season-of-birth associations with psychiatric disorders point to environmental (co-)aetiological factors such as natural photoperiod that, if clarified, may allow interventions toward prevention. We systematically reviewed the literature concerning season-of-birth and bipolar disorder and depression and explored associations between the perinatal natural photoperiod and these outcomes in a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank database. We used mean daily photoperiod and relative photoperiod range (relative to the mean) in the 3rd trimester and, separately, in the first 3 months post birth as metrics. From review, increased risk of depression with late spring birth is compatible with increased odds of probable single episode-, probable recurrent-, and diagnosed depression (OR 2.85 95 %CI 1.6-5.08, OR 2.20 95 %CI 1.57-3.1, and OR 1.48 95 %CI 1.11-1.97, respectively) with increasing 3rd trimester relative photoperiod range for participants who experienced relatively non-extreme daily photoperiods. Risk of bipolar disorder with winter-spring birth contrasted with no consistent patterns of perinatal photoperiod metric associations with bipolar disorder in the UK Biobank. As natural photoperiod varies by both time-of-year and latitude, perinatal natural photoperiods (and a hypothesized mechanism of action via the circadian timing system and/or serotonergic circuitry associated with the dorsal raphe nucleus) may reconcile inconsistencies in season-of-birth associations. Further studies are warranted.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Photoperiod; Bipolar Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; UK Biobank; Biological Specimen Banks; Seasons
PubMed: 38581863
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115878 -
Psychiatry Research May 2024Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed neglect prevalence, including emotional neglect (EN) and physical neglect (PN), among adults with psychiatric disorders. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis in 122 studies assessing different psychiatric disorders. Prevalence was 46.6% (95%CI[34.5-59.0]) for unspecified neglect (Ne), 43.1% (95%CI[39.0-47.4]) for EN, and 34.8% (95%CI[30.6-39.2]) for PN. Although a moderating effect of the psychiatric diagnostic category was not confirmed, some clinical diagnoses had significantly lower prevalence rates than others. Patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder showed lower prevalence rates of EN and PN, whereas lower prevalence was found in psychotic disorders and eating disorders for PN only. Neglect assessment was a significant moderator for Ne and PN. No moderating effect of age and sex on neglect prevalence was found. Heterogeneity levels within and between psychiatric diagnostic categories remained high. This is the first meta-analysis examining diverse types of neglect prevalence considering different psychiatric diagnoses. Our results explore the prevalence of childhood neglect and its subtypes among adults with psychiatric disorders, contributing to understanding the nuanced interplay between neglect and specific psychiatric conditions, and guiding interventions for affected individuals.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Child Abuse; Depressive Disorder, Major; Prevalence; Bipolar Disorder; Feeding and Eating Disorders
PubMed: 38579459
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115881 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2024Previous studies have explored the relationship between bipolar disorder and gut microbiota. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis to summarize and analyze...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have explored the relationship between bipolar disorder and gut microbiota. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis to summarize and analyze these publications. Our objective was to perform a bibliometric analysis to investigate the current status and frontiers of the publications in the field of the association between bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota.
METHODS
We retrieved publications concerning the interplay between the gut microbiota and bipolar disorder from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The analysis was executed using WoSCC's literature analysis tool and VOSviewer 1.6.16.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 177 publications originating from 362 institutions across 39 countries/regions, and these articles were disseminated in 104 different journals. The most productive institutions, authors, countries/regions, and journals were Zhejiang University contributing 18 publications, Shaohua Hu authoring 12 publications, China with 53 publications, and with 11 publications. The first high-cited document was published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2017, and authored by Evans. In this article, they found gut microbiome composition was associated with BD and its illness severity, and they concluded that targeting the gut microbiota may be helpful to develop the effective treatment for bipolar disorder. The top 5 keywords with the highest frequency except for bipolar disorder and gut microbiota were as follows: depression, inflammation, probiotic, gut-brain axis, and anxiety.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this is the first bibliometric analysis to explore the publications in the field of the association between bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota. The main research hotspots regarding this field were the characteristics, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiome in bipolar disorder, the role of treatment and gut microbiome in bipolar disorder, microbiome-brain connections in bipolar disorder, and interventions for bipolar disorder based on microbiota composition modification. The number of studies about the association between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder is relatively small, and more studies are needed to expand our understanding the association between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder.
PubMed: 38576868
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1290826 -
Cureus Mar 2024Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a significant global public health concern, with a prevalence of approximately 10-20%. Psychotropic... (Review)
Review
Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a significant global public health concern, with a prevalence of approximately 10-20%. Psychotropic medications, including stimulants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers, have been proven effective in treating various psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. Despite the common use of these medications, they have various side effects and complications. This systematic review aimed to assess the trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2023. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using relevant keywords. Two independent researchers screened the studies for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA), including information on study characteristics, participant demographics, psychiatric disorders, and psychotropic medications. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions) tool for non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSI) and Risk of Bias 2 (ROB2) for the randomized clinical trial. Data synthesis was conducted through a qualitative interpretation of the findings. A total of 52 papers were identified through the search, with 37 remaining after duplicate removal. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine articles were considered suitable for the systematic review. A total of 9,034,109 patients suffered from several psychiatric diseases, such as autism, major depressive disorder, Down syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, depression, personality disorder, psychotic disorder, tic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder. Stimulants showed a consistent prevalence rate over the years. Antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, have demonstrated variations over the years, with a substantial increase in 2015, followed by a decrease in subsequent years. In addition, antipsychotics, including atypical antipsychotics, have varied over the years; however, their use increased in 2023. Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics were also utilized, albeit at lower prevalence rates. This systematic review provides an overview of the trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2023. The prevalence of antipsychotic prescribing has shown fluctuations among different countries over the years, with a decline in recent years but a slight increase in 2023. Further research is warranted to explore the factors influencing these trends and to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38571846
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55452 -
Clinical Neuropsychiatry Feb 2024Recent studies have pointed to neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors as crucial mediators in the pathophysiology origins of mood disorders. The aim of this review... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have pointed to neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factors as crucial mediators in the pathophysiology origins of mood disorders. The aim of this review is to assess the potential association between cognitive impairment, brain imaging abnormalities, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients affected by bipolar disorder (BD).
METHOD
Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, with no year restriction, up until August 2023, for human studies that examined the relationship between inflammatory markers and cognitive impairment in BD patients. Studies based on neuroimaging, such as MRI, DTI, and fMRI, were also included, along with those examining the moderating role of specific inflammatory markers in the alteration of the brain.
RESULTS
59 human clinical studies satisfied the criteria for consideration. Most of the studies reviewed concur that inflammatory state, measured by peripheral blood levels of CRP and cytokines, constitutes an important contributor to cognitive impairment observed in patients with BD. Robust evidence indicates an association between cognitive impairment and CRP, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α with its receptors, whereas there is no convincing evidence for the involvement of other neuroinflammatory biomarkers. Neuroimaging studies suggest that brain structural/functional abnormalities seen in BD could also be linked to a neuroinflammatory condition.
CONCLUSIONS
Current data provide evidence of a link between cognitive impairments observed in BD patients and mechanisms of neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that systemic inflammation might also play an important role in the deterioration of brain structures critical to cognitive functions in patients with BD. The convergence of findings across these studies strengthens our understanding of the complex neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders. Identification of BD specific inflammatory markers may be of assistance for future early therapeutic interventions.
PubMed: 38559427
DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20240103