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Water Research Apr 2024The presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is responsible for water quality deterioration and a possible source of public health risks.... (Review)
Review
The presence of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is responsible for water quality deterioration and a possible source of public health risks. Different factors impact the biological stability of drinking water (DW) in the distribution networks, such as the presence and concentration of nutrients, water temperature, pipe material composition, hydrodynamic conditions, and levels of disinfectant residual. This review aimed to evaluate the current state of knowledge on strategies for DW biofilm disinfection through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the literature published over the last decade. A systematic review method was performed on the 562 journal articles identified through database searching on Web of Science and Scopus, with 85 studies selected for detailed analysis. A variety of disinfectants were identified for DW biofilm control such as chlorine, chloramine, UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and others at a lower frequency, namely, electrolyzed water, bacteriophages, silver ions, and nanoparticles. The disinfectants can impact the microbial communities within biofilms, reduce the number of culturable cells and biofilm biomass, as well as interfere with the biofilm matrix components. The maintenance of an effective residual concentration in the water guarantees long-term prevention of biofilm formation and improves the inactivation of detached biofilm-associated opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, strategies based on multi-barrier processes by optimization of primary and secondary disinfection combined with other water treatment methods improve the control of opportunistic pathogens, reduce the chlorine-tolerance of biofilm-embedded cells, as well as decrease the corrosion rate in metal-based pipelines. Most of the studies used benchtop laboratory devices for biofilm research. Even though these devices mimic the conditions found in real DWDS, future investigations on strategies for DW biofilm control should include the validity of the promising strategies against biofilms formed in real DW networks.
Topics: Disinfection; Drinking Water; Water Supply; Chlorine; Disinfectants; Water Purification; Biofilms; Chlorides
PubMed: 38359597
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121273 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Feb 2024To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effectiveness of mechanical and chemical decontamination methods for the treatment of dental implant surfaces affected by peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently eliminate bacterial biofilms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2022. The search strategy followed the PICOS format and included only in vitro studies completed on either dental implant or titanium disk samples. The assessed outcome variable consisted of the most effective method(s)-chemical or mechanical- removing bacterial biofilm from titanium surfaces. A meta-analysis was conducted, and data was summarized through single- and multi-level random effects model (p < .05).
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 5260 articles after the removal of duplicates. After assessment by title, abstract, and full-text review, a total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Different decontamination methods were assessed, including both mechanical and chemical, with the most common method across studies being chlorhexidine (CHX). Significant heterogeneity was noted across the included studies. The meta-analyses only identified a significant difference in biofilm reduction when CHX treatment was compared against PBS. The remaining comparisons did not identify significant differences between the various decontamination methods.
CONCLUSIONS
The present results do not demonstrate that one method of decontamination is superior in eliminating bacterial biofilm from titanium disk and implant surfaces.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Dental Implants; Titanium; Decontamination; Chlorhexidine; Bacteria
PubMed: 38345466
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.839 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... 2023The aim of this systematic review was to assess the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy (N-PDT) on biofilms in the presence of dentin... (Review)
Review
Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy versus photodynamic therapy and conventional disinfection in endodontics: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy (N-PDT) on biofilms in the presence of dentin substrate when compared to photodynamic therapy (PDT) and conventional disinfection protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review was registered in Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/GBR3F). Six databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched for English language articles until June 2022. Laboratory studies assessing the antimicrobial activity of N-PDT against biofilm in human or bovine teeth were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects maximum likelihood model.
RESULTS
The search revealed 2804 articles, out of which 9 studies were included in the final review. Seven articles had low RoB and two had moderate RoB. Chitosan and diode laser at 810 nm were the most commonly used nanoparticle and light source, respectively. The meta-analysis of bacterial reduction log and percentage reduction revealed that N-PDT had better antimicrobial efficacy than the control group. When the bacterial reduction log of N-PDT was compared with PDT, PDT performed better N-PDT, and for percentage reduction, there was no difference.
CONCLUSION
The currently available evidence is low and inconclusive with regard to the superior efficacy of N-PDT. The type of nanoparticle, incubation time, light source, and exposure time were found to be covariates that influence the antimicrobial efficacy of N-PDT.
PubMed: 38292372
DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_305_23 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Post-catheter removal sepsis (PCRS) is a notable complication of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) in neonates, which is postulated to be secondary to the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Post-catheter removal sepsis (PCRS) is a notable complication of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) in neonates, which is postulated to be secondary to the disruption of biofilms formed along catheter tips up on CVCs removal. It remains controversial whether this could be prevented by antibiotic use upon CVCs removal. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of antibiotic administration at the time of CVCs removal.
METHODS
We searched through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and reference lists of review articles for studies comparing the use of antibiotics versus no use within 12 h of CVCs removal. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool accordingly. Results of quantitative analyses were presented as mean differences (MD) or odds ratio (OR). Subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were performed to identify heterogeneity.
RESULTS
The review included 470 CVCs in the antibiotic group and 658 in the control group. Antibiotic use within 12 h of CVCs removal did not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.08-1.53), but was associated with a lower incidence of post-catheter removal blood stream infection (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.86). Dosage of vancomycin and world region were major sources of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
Antibiotic administration upon CVCs removal does not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS but offers less post-catheter removal blood stream infection. Whether this will be converted to better clinical outcomes lacks evidential support. Further randomized controlled studies with longer follow-up are needed.
SUMMARY
Results of our meta-analysis suggest that antibiotic use at planned central line removal removal does not significantly reduce the incidence of PCRS but offers less blood stream infection, which might contribute to future management of central lines in neonates.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42022359677).
PubMed: 38259593
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1324242 -
Biofilm Jun 2024This study investigates the potential of using bacteriophages to control foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel surfaces in the food industry. Biofilm-forming...
This study investigates the potential of using bacteriophages to control foodborne pathogen biofilms on stainless steel surfaces in the food industry. Biofilm-forming bacteria can attach to stainless steel surfaces, rendering them difficult to eradicate even after a thorough cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Bacteriophages have been proposed as a possible solution, as they can penetrate biofilms and destroy bacterial cells within, reducing the number of viable bacteria and preventing the growth and spread of biofilms. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the potential of bacteriophages against different biofilm-forming foodborne bacteria, including , , , , and . Bacteriophage treatment generally causes a significant average reduction of 38 % in biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens on stainless steel. Subgroup analyses revealed that phages are more efficient in long-duration treatment. Also, applying a cocktail of phages is 1.26-fold more effective than applying individual phages. Phages at concentrations exceeding 10 PFU/ml are significantly more efficacious in eradicating bacteria within a biofilm. The antibacterial phage activity decreases substantially by 3.54-fold when applied at 4 °C compared to temperatures above 25 °C. This analysis suggests that bacteriophages can be a promising solution for controlling biofilms in the food industry.
PubMed: 38234712
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100170 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a distinct subtype of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the context of prolonged exposure... (Review)
Review
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a distinct subtype of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that arises in the context of prolonged exposure to textured breast implants. The intent of this manuscript is to explore whether the bacterial presence in biofilms on these implants is a mere incidental finding or plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of BIA-ALCL. Our goal is to delineate the extent of bacterial involvement, offering insights into potential underlying mechanisms, and establishing future research priorities aimed at resolving the remaining uncertainties surrounding this complex association. A comprehensive systematic review of several databases was performed. The search strategy was designed and conducted by an experienced librarian using controlled vocabulary with keywords. The electronic search identified 442 publications. After evaluation, six studies from 2015 to 2021 were included, encompassing 201 female patients aged 23 to 75. The diagnosis span post-implantation ranged from 53 to 135.6 months. Studies consistently found bacteria near breast implants in both BIA-ALCL cases and controls, with varied microbial findings. Both BIA-ALCL cases and controls exhibited the presence of specific bacteria, including , , , and spp., without any statistically significant differences between groups. The use of antiseptic and antimicrobial agents during implant insertion did not demonstrate any impact on reducing or altering the risk of developing BIA-ALCL. Our systematic review reveals that the current evidence is inadequate to link bacterial etiology as a central factor in the development of BIA-ALCL. The limitations in the existing data prevent a complete dismissal of the role of biofilms in its pathogenesis. The observed gap in knowledge underscores the need for more focused and comprehensive research, which should be structured in a multi-faceted approach. Initially, this involves the utilization of sophisticated genomic and proteomic methods. Following this, it is crucial to delve into the study of immunological reactions specifically induced by biofilms. Finally, this research should incorporate extended observational studies, meticulously tracking the evolution of biofilm development and its correlation with the emergence of BIA-ALCL. In light of the inconclusive nature of current findings, further investigation is not only justified but urgently needed to clarify these unresolved issues.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Implants; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic; Proteomics; Breast; Bacteria
PubMed: 38203524
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010355 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023, a fungal pathogen first reported in 2009, has shown strong resistance to azole antifungal drugs and has caused severe nosocomial outbreaks. It can also form biofilms,...
INTRODUCTION
, a fungal pathogen first reported in 2009, has shown strong resistance to azole antifungal drugs and has caused severe nosocomial outbreaks. It can also form biofilms, which can colonize patients' skin and transmit to others. Despite numerous reports of isolation in various countries, many studies have reported contradictory results.
METHOD
A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to summarize research trends and provide guidance for future research on controlling infection. The analysis revealed that the United States and the US CDC were the most influential countries and research institutions, respectively. For the researchers, Jacques F. Meis published the highest amount of related articles, and Anastasia P. Litvintseva's articles with the highest average citation rate. The most cited publications focused on clade classification, accurate identification technologies, nosocomial outbreaks, drug resistance, and biofilm formation. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed that the top five highest frequencies were for 'drug resistance,' 'antifungal susceptibility test,' 'infection,' '' and 'identification.' The high-frequency keywords clustered into four groups: rapid and precise identification, drug resistance research, pathogenicity, and nosocomial transmission epidemiology studies. These clusters represent different study fields and current research hotspots of .
CONCLUSION
The bibliometric analysis identified the most influential country, research institution, and researcher, indicating current research trends and hotspots for controlling
PubMed: 38125576
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287003 -
Heliyon Nov 2023With the wide spread of Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) due to the transfer and acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and the formation of microbial biofilm,...
OBJECTIVE
With the wide spread of Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) due to the transfer and acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and the formation of microbial biofilm, various researchers around the world are looking for a solution to overcome these resistances. One potential strategy and the best candidate to overcome these infections is using an effective nanomaterial with antibacterial properties against them.
METHODS
: In this study, we overview nanomaterials with anti-MDR bacteria and anti-biofilm properties. Hence, we systematically explored biomedical databases (Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) to categorize related studies about nanomaterial with anti-MDR bacteria and anti-biofilm activities from 2007 to December 2022.
RESULTS
In total, forty-one studies were investigated to find antibacterial and anti-biofilm information about the nanomaterial during 2007-2022. According to the collected documents, nineteen types of nanomaterial showed putative antibacterial effects such as Cu, Ag, Au, Au/Pt, TiO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Se, CuO, Cu/Ni, Cu/Zn, Fe3O4, Au/Fe3O4, Au/Ag, Au/Pt, Graphene O, and CuS. In addition, seven types of them considered as anti-biofilm agents such as Ag, ZnO, Au/Ag, Graphene O, Cu, Fe3O4, and Au/Ag.
CONCLUSION
According to the studies, each of nanomaterial has been designed with different methods and their effects against standard strains, clinical strains, MDR strains, and bacterial biofilms have been investigated in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. In addition, nanomaterials have different destructive mechanism on bacterial structures. Various nanoparticles (NP) introduced as the best candidate to designing new drug and medical equipment preventing infectious disease outbreaks by overcome antibiotic resistance and bacterial biofilm.
PubMed: 38034786
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22105 -
PloS One 2023Acinetobacter baumannii, the first human pathogen to be designated as a "red-alert" pathogen, is on the critical priority list of pathogens requiring new antibiotics.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Acinetobacter baumannii, the first human pathogen to be designated as a "red-alert" pathogen, is on the critical priority list of pathogens requiring new antibiotics. Biofilm-associated diseases are the most common infections caused by the antibiotic-resistant bacteria A. baumannii. Multidrug-resistant strains are more easily transmitted around the world due to A. baumannii's ability to produce biofilms, which allows it to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms and thrive in healthcare environments. As a result, A. baumannii infections are becoming increasingly common in hospital settings allover the world. As a result, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the global prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates.
METHODS
Articles were extensively searched in bibliographic databases and grey literatures using entry terms or phrases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were extracted in MS Excel and exported into STATA version 12 software for statistical analysis. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates. The heterogeneity was quantified by using the I2 value. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was done to assess the impact of a single study on pooled effect size.
RESULT
Of the 862 studies identified, 26 studies consisted of 2123 A.baumannii clinical isolates of which 1456 were biofilm-producing. The pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A.baumannii clinical isolates was 65.63% (95% CI = 56.70%-74.56%). There was substantial heterogeneity with an I2 value of 98.1%. Moreover, 41.34%, 33.57%, and 27.63% of isolates of strong, mild, and weak producers of biofilm. Higher prevalence was found in studies published after 2014 (66.31%); Western Pacific region (76.17%); and Asia (66.22%) followed by the African continent (57.29%).
CONCLUSION
The pooled prevalence of biofilm-producing A. baumannii clinical isolates has risen alarmingly, posing a public health risk. This indicates the burden of biofilm-producing A. baumannii infections urges routine screening and appropriate treatment for better management of hospitalized patients, as well as effective controlling of the emergence of drug resistance. Furthermore, this finding is an alert call for the stakeholders to develop strong infection prevention and antibiotics stewardship programs for the prevention and control of biofilm-producing bacterial infections.
Topics: Humans; Acinetobacter baumannii; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Prevalence; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38032906
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287211 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The presence of host collagenases in the degradation of the protein matrix at later stages of carious dentin lesions development, as well as the potential involvement of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND AIM
The presence of host collagenases in the degradation of the protein matrix at later stages of carious dentin lesions development, as well as the potential involvement of bacterial collagenases, have been suggested but lack conclusive evidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to comprehensively assess the profile of host and bacterial-derived collagenolytic proteases in both root and coronal dentin carious lesions.
METHODS
The search was performed in eight databases and the grey literature. Studies evaluating dentin, extracted teeth, or biofilms from natural caries lesions were included. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Synthesis of the results and the certainty of evidence were performed following the Synthesis without Meta-analysis (SWiM) checklist and GRADE approach for narrative synthesis, respectively.
RESULTS
From 935 recovered articles, 18 were included. Although the evidence was very uncertain, it was possible to suggest that 1) MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and CT-B may be increased in carious dentin when compared to sound dentin; 2) there is no difference in MMP-2 presence, while MMP-13 may be increased in root when compared to coronal carious dentin; 3) there is no difference of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression/activity before and after cavity sealing; 4) MMP-8 may be increased in the dentin before cavity sealing compared to dentin after cavity sealing; 5) there is no difference of MMP-20 in irradiated vs. non-irradiated carious dentin. MMP-20 probably reduces in carious outer dentin when compared to carious inner dentin (moderate certainty). Genes encoding bacterial collagenolytic proteases and protein-degrading bacteria were detected in coronal and root carious lesions.
CONCLUSION
Trends in the direction of the effect were observed for some collagenolytic proteases in carious dentin, which may represent a potential target for the development of new treatments. (Protocol register-PROSPERO: CRD42020213141).
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Dentin; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; Peptide Hydrolases; Matrix Metalloproteinase 20; Collagenases; Bacteria; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38029242
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278754