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Heliyon May 2024Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications into language learning and teaching is currently a growing trend in higher education. Literature reviews have... (Review)
Review
Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications into language learning and teaching is currently a growing trend in higher education. Literature reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of AI applications in improving English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as a second language (ESL) learners' receptive and productive skills, vocabulary knowledge, and intercultural competencies. However, systematic reviews investigating the usefulness of AI technologies in higher education to enhance EFL learners' affective factors are scarce. This study is a systematic review that investigates the effectiveness of integrating AI technologies to enhance EFL learners' motivation, engagement, and attitude, and reduce their learning anxiety. Articles from reputable journal databases such as IEEE, Wiley, Web of Science, Sage, ProQuest, Springer, and Science Direct were screened by examining titles and abstracts, and irrelevant articles were excluded from the search. Of the 64 articles analyzed only 21 articles published between 2017 and 2023 were determined to be relevant to the research topic. The findings suggest that the implementation of AI technologies in EFL contexts is in its early stages, and further research is required to establish the impact of AI-integrated classes on EFL learners' affective factors. This review also identifies the gaps in literature and recommends avenues for future research in this novel area.
PubMed: 38778968
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31053 -
BMC Psychology May 2024The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and pleasant emotions, and sports performance.
METHOD
This study, carried out through a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines considering the Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORT Discus databases, seeks to highlight the relationship between other more 'positive' factors, such as well-being, positive emotions and sports performance.
SETTINGS
The keywords will be decided by a Delphi Method in two rounds with sport psychology experts.
PARTICIPANTS
There are no participants in the present research.
ASSESSMENT
The main exclusion criteria were: Non-sport thema, sample younger or older than 20-65 years old, qualitative or other methodology studies, COVID-related, journals not exclusively about Psychology.
MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES
We obtained a first sample of 238 papers, and finally, this sample was reduced to the final sample of 11 papers.
RESULTS
The results obtained are intended to be a representation of the 'bright side' of sports practice, and as a complement or mediator of the negative variables that have an impact on athletes' and coaches' performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear recognition that acting on intrinsic motivation continues to be the best and most effective way to motivate oneself to obtain the highest levels of performance, a good perception of competence and a source of personal satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Performance; Athletes; Emotions; Personal Satisfaction; Motivation; Sports
PubMed: 38773650
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01769-8 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD May 2024Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder for which hospitalization is frequently needed in case of severe medical and psychiatric consequences. We aim to describe the state-of-the-art inpatient treatment of AN in real-world reports.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature on the major medical databases, spanning from January 2011 to October 2023, was performed, using the keywords: "inpatient", "hospitalization" and "anorexia nervosa". Studies on pediatric populations and inpatients in residential facilities were excluded.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies (3501 subjects) were included, and nine themes related to the primary challenges faced in hospitalization settings were selected. About 81.48% of the studies detailed the clinical team, 51.85% cited the use of a psychotherapeutic model, 25.93% addressed motivation, 100% specified the treatment setting, 66.67% detailed nutrition and refeeding, 22.22% cited pharmacological therapy, 40.74% described admission or discharge criteria and 14.81% follow-up, and 51.85% used tests for assessment of the AN or psychopathology. Despite the factors defined by international guidelines, the data were not homogeneous and not adequately defined on admission/discharge criteria, pharmacological therapy, and motivation, while more comprehensive details were available for treatment settings, refeeding protocols, and psychometric assessments.
CONCLUSION
Though the heterogeneity among the included studies was considered, the existence of sparse criteria, objectives, and treatment modalities emerged, outlining a sometimes ambiguous report of hospitalization practices. Future studies must aim for a more comprehensive description of treatment approaches. This will enable uniform depictions of inpatient treatment, facilitating comparisons across different studies and establishing guidelines more grounded in scientific evidence.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level I, systematic review.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Hospitalization; Inpatients; Adult; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 38767754
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01665-5 -
PloS One 2024This study explores the age effects of the sport education model(SEM) on the impact of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This study explores the age effects of the sport education model(SEM) on the impact of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic motivation (interest, enjoyment, satisfaction) among adolescent students.
METHOD
Retrieval of relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search period ranged from the starting year to January 7, 2024. Subsequently, literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be conducted, and data analysis will be performed using "Review Manager 5.4" software.
RESULT
Overall, SEM has a positive and statistically significant impact on the basic psychological needs (MD = 0.36,95% CI [0.22, 0.50]) and intrinsic motivation (MD = 0.75, 95% CI [0.58, 0.93]) of adolescent students (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed age effects on the impact of SEM on the basic psychological needs of adolescent students: pre-peak height velocity (PRE-PHV) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.23, 0.56], I2 = 45%, P<0.01), mid-peak height velocity (MID-PHV) (MD = 0.22, 95% CI [0.01, 0.42], I2 = 82%, P<0.05), post-peak height velocity (POST-PHV) (MD = 1.27, 95% CI [0.79, 1.74], I2 = 0%, P<0.01). Similarly, age effects were found for intrinsic motivation: MID-PHV (MD = 0.86, 95% CI [0.62, 1.11], I2 = 68%, P<0.01), POST-PHV (MD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.40, 0.72], I2 = 0%, P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
The SEM is an effective approach to enhancing the basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation of adolescent students. However, it exhibits age effects among students at different developmental stages. Specifically, in terms of enhancing basic psychological needs, the model has the greatest impact on POST-PHV students, followed by PRE-PHV students, while the improvement effect is relatively lower for MID-PHV students. The enhancement effect on intrinsic motivation diminishes with increasing age.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Motivation; Students; Sports; Age Factors; Male; Female
PubMed: 38753621
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297878 -
International Journal of Nursing... Dec 2023Negative symptoms, frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia, can impair functional outcomes and quality of life. Negative symptoms typically affect... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Negative symptoms, frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia, can impair functional outcomes and quality of life. Negative symptoms typically affect motivation, communication, and the ability to live independently and are difficult to treat. Several meta-analyses suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy results in a modest reduction in negative symptoms. It is unclear if similar effects can be achieved using behavioural activation. Behavioural activation is a derivative of cognitive behavioural therapy that helps to improve social and emotional functioning by encouraging patients to engage in activities that they value whilst modifying the avoidance responses. Behavioural activation can be a standalone treatment for depressive symptoms that is equally as efficacious as cognitive behavioural therapy.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to identify and summarise the evidence about the efficacy of behavioural activation in treating negative symptoms.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Two published studies conducted in South Korea and the United Kingdom recruited 55 patients.
METHOD
We searched five databases and four trial registries for clinical treatment trials of behavioural activation involving adults diagnosed with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies were screened according to the inclusion criteria and assessed for quality.
RESULTS
We identified 5023 published studies. After removing duplicates and conducting screening, two studies were included in this review. One study used a parallel non-randomised trial design whilst the other adopted a single group test-re-test design. Fifty-five participants were recruited from hospital and community settings. Both studies delivered 10 face-to-face sessions of behavioural activation; these were individual in one study and group sessions in the other. One study involved behavioural activation as the treatment whilst the other delivered behavioural activation with motivational interviewing. Neither study reported harms or adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the included studies, there is low-quality evidence that behavioural activation may be helpful in the treatment of negative symptoms. Key limitations of the studies include small sample sizes and overall low study quality.
STUDY REGISTRATION
The protocol covering this review was registered with Open Science on 18 February 2022 (Registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/57QSW; Weblink: https://osf.io/57qsw).
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Behavioural activation holds promise in supporting patients experiencing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
PubMed: 38746587
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100132 -
International Journal of Nursing... Dec 2023Intensive care units deliver care to a heterogeneous group of patients with pre-existing co-morbid disease. Focus has shifted to improving health related quality of life... (Review)
Review
Patients' experiences and perspectives of post-hospital follow-up care to improve physical recovery for intensive care survivors: A systematic review of qualitative research.
BACKGROUND
Intensive care units deliver care to a heterogeneous group of patients with pre-existing co-morbid disease. Focus has shifted to improving health related quality of life with more patients surviving beyond hospital discharge. Randomised controlled trials evaluating follow-up interventions, to improve physical recovery, have not demonstrated a health-related quality of life benefit. Qualitative research may provide the context to understand the experiences of intensive care survivors during follow-up care addressing physical limitations.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesise qualitative studies and explore Intensive Care survivors' experiences and perspectives of physical symptoms in the context of follow-up care.
SETTINGS
A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Ovid Nursing and Ovid Emcare) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed primary qualitative studies. No date parameters were applied. Inclusion/exclusion criteria guided the screening process.
PARTICIPANTS
The data from eligible primary research studies was extracted into NVivo (v12).
METHODS
Critical appraisal was completed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke (2022), informed the data synthesis.
RESULTS
From 2457 studies, ten relevant studies were included. Two main themes were identified: 1. Recovery as uncertain; which outlines the uncertainty experienced by intensive care unit survivors during recovery. This theme pertained to system-level factors (role of healthcare professional and information provision) which provides the context for delivering follow-up care. 2. Self-determination of recovery; outlines individual characteristics in determining recovery which is conceptualised by patient-level factors (motivation, support network and perception of health).
CONCLUSIONS
For intensive care survivors, the recovery trajectory is uncertain with a gap in information provision during the acute phase following hospital discharge. Patients' self-determination of recovery is an important consideration to ensure follow-up care addresses the needs of individual patients. The impact of pre-existing co-morbid disease and subgroups of patients deriving benefit from follow-up care remains uncertain.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration no. CRD42022355711.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Patients' experiences of post-hospital follow-up care to improve physical recovery for intensive care survivors: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.
PubMed: 38746570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100168 -
Cureus Apr 2024Psychological empowerment is a motivational concept that encompasses a person's thoughts and perceptions that give a sense of behavior and commitment to the work.... (Review)
Review
Psychological empowerment is a motivational concept that encompasses a person's thoughts and perceptions that give a sense of behavior and commitment to the work. Psychological empowerment is widely acknowledged to be associated with nurses' job satisfaction. However, this relationship has been found to be controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction. The electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were utilized to search for relevant studies published from 2001 to 2024. The correlation coefficients were extracted for each eligible study and transformed into Fisher's Z. Then, the pooled effect size (r coefficient) was computed using Fisher's Z and the corresponding standard error. Moreover, I was used to assess the heterogeneity of studies. Begg's rank and Egger's test were employed to assess the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was utilized to measure the robustness of study findings using the one-leave-out approach, and a critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies was adopted to assess the quality of included studies. A total of 18 studies were selected for analysis with a total sample of 6,353 nurses from different countries. The included studies ranged from moderate to high quality based on the quality assessment checklist. The pooled effect size for the correlation between psychological empowerment and nurses' job satisfaction was 0.512 (95% confidence interval = 0.406-0.604) with mild-to-moderate heterogeneity. Moreover, the majority of the studies confirmed a positive relationship between the two measured concepts. This study presents evidence indicating that psychological empowerment has a sensible relationship with nurses' job satisfaction. Therefore, nurse administrators should implement tailored strategies to trigger nurses' psychological empowerment, aiming to boost job satisfaction and reduce turnover and burnout. However, additional studies are essential to establish a causal relationship.
PubMed: 38745802
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58228 -
Journal of the International AIDS... May 2024Person-centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient-provider relationship,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Person-centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient-provider relationship, conceptualized at the core of PCC in multiple models, remains largely unexamined in HIV care. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the types of PCC interventions implemented to improve patient-provider interactions and how these interventions have improved HIV care continuum outcomes and person-reported outcomes (PROs) among people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.
METHODS
We searched databases, conference proceedings and conducted manual targeted searches to identify randomized trials and observational studies published up to January 2023. The PCC search terms were guided by the Integrative Model of Patient-Centeredness by Scholl. We included person-centred interventions aiming to enhance the patient-provider interactions. We included HIV care continuum outcomes and PROs.
RESULTS
We included 28 unique studies: 18 (64.3%) were quantitative, eight (28.6.%) were mixed methods and two (7.1%) were qualitative. Within PCC patient-provider interventions, we inductively identified five categories of PCC interventions: (1) providing friendly and welcoming services; (2) patient empowerment and improved communication skills (e.g. supporting patient-led skills such as health literacy and approaches when communicating with a provider); (3) improved individualized counselling and patient-centred communication (e.g. supporting provider skills such as training on motivational interviewing); (4) audit and feedback; and (5) provider sensitisation to patient experiences and identities. Among the included studies with a comparison arm and effect size reported, 62.5% reported a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one HIV care continuum outcome, and 100% reported a positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the included PROs.
DISCUSSION
Among published HIV PCC interventions, there is heterogeneity in the components of PCC addressed, the actors involved and the expected outcomes. While results are also heterogeneous across clinical and PROs, there is more evidence for significant improvement in PROs. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical implications of PCC, with fewer studies measuring linkage or long-term retention or viral suppression.
CONCLUSIONS
Improved understanding of PCC domains, mechanisms and consistency of measurement will advance PCC research and implementation.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Developing Countries; Patient-Centered Care; Continuity of Patient Care; Professional-Patient Relations
PubMed: 38740547
DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26258 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Recently, many databases have been devoted to studying TCM pharmacology....
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for thousands of years to treat human diseases. Recently, many databases have been devoted to studying TCM pharmacology. Most of these databases include information about the active ingredients of TCM herbs and their disease indications. These databases enable researchers to interrogate the mechanisms of action of TCM systematically. However, there is a need for comparative studies of these databases, as they are derived from various resources with different data processing methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing TCM databases. We found that the information complements each other by comparing herbs, ingredients, and herb-ingredient pairs in these databases. Therefore, data harmonization is vital to use all the available information fully. Moreover, different TCM databases may contain various annotation types for herbs or ingredients, notably for the chemical structure of ingredients, making it challenging to integrate data from them. We also highlight the latest TCM databases on symptoms or gene expressions, suggesting that using multi-omics data and advanced bioinformatics approaches may provide new insights for drug discovery in TCM. In summary, such a comparative study would help improve the understanding of data complexity that may ultimately motivate more efficient and more standardized strategies towards the digitalization of TCM.
PubMed: 38738181
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303693 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Jun 2024The need for a stronger evidence-base in paramedicine has precipitated a rapid development of prehospital research agendas. Paramedics are increasingly involved in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The need for a stronger evidence-base in paramedicine has precipitated a rapid development of prehospital research agendas. Paramedics are increasingly involved in research, leading to changes in their role. Yet, the integration of research responsibilities has proven to be challenging, resulting in varying attitudes and levels of engagement.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to explore paramedics' views and experiences of research as researchers during training and within practice.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed across six databases. Qualitative empirical peer-reviewed articles that discussed paramedic perspectives on engaging with research activity were included. Of 10,594 articles identified initially, 11 were included in the final synthesis after quality appraisal. Data were extracted and subjected to narrative synthesis.
RESULTS
The following four themes were identified: motivation to engage, moral dilemmas, structural issues within the profession, and reflections on trial involvement. Attitudes toward research, understanding of related concepts, and the drive for patient benefit were interwoven core issues.
CONCLUSIONS
Research was highly valued when links to patient benefit were obvious, however, this review highlights some cultural resistance to research, particularly regarding informed consent and changes to standard practice. Paramedic research methods training should provide structured opportunities to explore concerns and emphasize the role of research in developing a high-quality evidence base to underpin safe practice. Currently, there is inadequate organizational support for paramedics to engage effectively in research activity, with minimal allocations of time, training, and remuneration. Without properly integrating research activity into the paramedic role, their capacity to engage with research activity is limited.
Topics: Humans; Allied Health Personnel; Attitude of Health Personnel; Emergency Medical Technicians; Motivation; Paramedics
PubMed: 38734546
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.01.008