-
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Some research has suggested that dental plaque and saliva could be reservoirs of () and be capable of infecting or re-infecting the gastric mucosa after eradication,...
UNLABELLED
Some research has suggested that dental plaque and saliva could be reservoirs of () and be capable of infecting or re-infecting the gastric mucosa after eradication, with certain studies showing a significant association between PD and gastric infection by this bacterium. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases with the terms " AND periodontal diseases"; " AND gingivitis"; " AND chronic periodontitis"; " AND periodontitis"; " AND dental plaque", to identify articles up to September 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess study quality. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 2020 (Cochane Collaboration) software. A total of 1,315 studies were identified and 12 were included, analyzing 226,086 patients with mean age between 10.5 and 63.4 years. The prevalence of in the oral cavity ranged from 5.4 to 83.3%. A random-effects model was used to analyze the presence of and subgroups were made according to the method of evaluation (PCR or RUT). Statistical significance was found in the overall analysis ( = 0.01). There is no clear evidence that present in oral bacterial plaque causes gastric infection and vice versa.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
www.INPLASY.COM, identifier: INPLASY2021100097.
PubMed: 35514745
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822194 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Aug 2022Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Oral erythroplakia has been classically considered as the potentially malignant disorder with the highest rate of malignant development into squamous cell carcinoma. This critical systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the malignant development rate of oral erythroplakia and identify the associated risk factors.
METHODS
We performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS, with keywords "erythroplakia," "erythroplasia," "malignant transformation," "malignant development," "malignization," "carcinogenesis," "oral cancer," "oral squamous cell carcinoma," "mouth neoplasm," and "prognosis." Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
Ten observational studies with 441 patients met the inclusion criteria, whose mean malignant development rate was 12.7% and with a mean follow-up period of patients of 6.66 years. In the initial biopsy, 42.8% of oral erythroplakia were already squamous cell carcinoma. The buccal mucosa was the most frequent location of oral erythroplakia, but the floor of the mouth was the most common site of malignant development. All patients who underwent malignant development showed epithelial dysplasia on the initial diagnostic biopsy.
CONCLUSION
Overall malignant development rate of OE in the meta-analysis was 19.9%. We could not associate any specific clinicopathological feature with the malignant development. The presence of epithelial dysplasia in the initial biopsy remains the worst prognostic factor. Further observational studies on OE are needed, with well-established diagnostic criteria and good clinical follow-up, in order to identify the true risk of malignant development of oral erythroplakia and the related risk factors.
Topics: Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Erythroplasia; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Ulcer; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 35488780
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13304 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022As the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are detected in healthy oral mucosa as well as in oral lesions, dental practitioners have an important role in detecting any... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
As the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are detected in healthy oral mucosa as well as in oral lesions, dental practitioners have an important role in detecting any possible lesions that might be caused by this virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of orthodontic treatments and HPV infections and to report a rare case of ongoing orthodontic treatment superposed on an HPV infection.
METHODS
An electronic English literature research of the articles published between the years 2011-2021 was conducted between December 2021-February 2022, accessing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The terms "HPV", "orthodontics", "orthodontic treatment", "tooth movement", "tooth mobility", and "malocclusion" were searched. The following inclusion criteria were pursued: articles published in English language; studies reporting HPV infection in subjects with past or ongoing orthodontic treatment; and case reports of subjects with HPV and orthodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria were: articles in languages other than English, studies related to malignancies other than HPV and orthodontic treatment; and studies reporting patients with HPV and no orthodontic treatment.
RESULTS
Following the systematic review, which includes six papers, a case of orthodontic treatment superposed on a HPV infection is presented.
CONCLUSION
Incumbent, postponed HPV infection on an ongoing orthodontic treatment might affect treatment outcome and patient compliance.
PubMed: 35455802
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040624 -
Polymers Apr 2022Gingival recessions are a prevalent oral mucosa alteration. To solve this pathology, palatal mucosa or polymeric soft tissue substitutes are used when performing coronal... (Review)
Review
Gingival recessions are a prevalent oral mucosa alteration. To solve this pathology, palatal mucosa or polymeric soft tissue substitutes are used when performing coronal advanced flap (CAF) or tunnel (TUN) surgical techniques. To evaluate which is the most successful approach, a literature review and meta-analysis were conducted. For the electronic search the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, EMBASE and WOS were used. Pooled data for the percentage of root coverage was collected and weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using the Higgins (I) statistic and a random-effects model was applied. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review (12 randomized and 1 controlled clinical trials) in which both techniques (394 patients) were compared with a follow-up of 4 to 12 months. Galbraith and Baujat plots were used to control for the presence of potential outliers. After performing the meta-analysis (11 studies), the mean root coverage was similar when using the TUN or CAF techniques ( = 0.49). The only differences between the two were found for single recessions, where CAF offered a higher percentage of root coverage (mean difference = 4.98%; = 0.006). There were no differences when applying an autograft or a polymeric substitute with either of the two tested surgical techniques ( = 0.445).
PubMed: 35406326
DOI: 10.3390/polym14071453 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Mar 2022Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious disease and is said to have a multifactorial origin with varied clinical manifestation of repeated oral ulcers,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUNDS
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, insidious disease and is said to have a multifactorial origin with varied clinical manifestation of repeated oral ulcers, intolerance to spicy food, mucosal blanching resulting in stiffness of the oral mucosa and formation of taut bands leading to reduced mouth opening. We designed this study to systematically review the literature on QOL in OSMF and hope to make recommendations for future course of QOL assessment in OSMF.
METHODS
An electronic bibliographic search of studies was done from year 1900-2019 using specified keywords. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid, Google Scholar and manual search were done from references of relevant articles. Of the screened 156 articles, finally 10 studies were included after screening for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of studies was completed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) criteria for quantitative studies.
RESULTS
Most instruments used in the studies were not disease specific for OSMF except one study. Six types of questionnaires were used. The heterogeneity in study population, study designs, QOL instruments and outcome measures made it difficult for a comparison. Therefore, a quantification analysis was not possible. Also pure OSMF data without the involvement of other lesions were less in number.
CONCLUSIONS
OSMF not only physically debilitates a patient, it has its repercussions on the social, physical, psychological domains as well. Another aspect is that apart from trismus, which is the most common and evident symptom associated with OSMF, a substantial part of the suffering that ensues is also because of the ulcerations, burning sensation and worsening of dental health. Another focus was the association of worse QOL with a higher grade of disease, longer and higher tobacco abuse contact duration. This review is unable to give a confident answer to the evidence on QOL in OSMF but definitely showers light on the evident lack of robust data on the same. Robust methodological and adequately powered studies on assessing QOL in OSMF using only a reliable disease specific questionnaire is the need of the hour.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018102874.
PubMed: 35400917
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01507-8 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2022Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients receiving systemic antineoplastics. However, the underlying biological mechanisms leading to...
BACKGROUND
Oral mucositis is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients receiving systemic antineoplastics. However, the underlying biological mechanisms leading to this condition are still unclear. For this reason, it has been hypothesised that systemic antineoplastics may cause an imbalance on the oral microbiota that subsequently triggers oral mucosa damage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA protocol and the PICO question established was: patients diagnosed with cancer, who are candidates for receiving systemic antineoplastics (P=Patients), that undergo oral microbiome determinations (I=Intervention), before and after systemic antineoplastics administration (C=Comparison), to analyse changes in the oral microbiome composition (O=Outcome). The bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and other scientific repositories.
RESULTS
Out of 166 obtained articles, only 5 met eligibility criteria. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) was the most frequent type of cancer (40 %) among the participants. Only one of the studies included a control group of healthy subjects. Heterogeneity in the protocols and approaches of the included studies hindered a detailed comparison of the outcomes. However, it was stated that a decrease in bacteria α diversity is often associated with oral mucositis. On the other hand, fungal diversity was not associated with oral mucositis although α diversity was lower at baseline on patients developing oral candidiasis.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient scientific evidence of oral microbiological changes in patients undergoing systemic antineoplastics. Further investigations ought to be carried out to identify microorganisms that might play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral mucosa damage in patients undergoing systemic antineoplastics.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Stomatitis
PubMed: 35368011
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25121 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research May 2023The aim of the study was to identify and report outcome measures and methods of assessment on soft-tissue augmentation interventions in the context of dental implant... (Review)
Review
Outcome measures and methods of assessment of soft-tissue augmentation interventions in the context of dental implant therapy: A systematic review of clinical studies published in the last 10 years.
AIM
The aim of the study was to identify and report outcome measures and methods of assessment on soft-tissue augmentation interventions in the context of dental implant therapy reported in clinical studies published in the last 10 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The protocol of this PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021252214). A literature search was conducted to identify articles that met the pre-established eligibility criteria. Data of interest, with an emphasis on outcome measures, were extracted. For each outcome, specific methods and timing of assessment were described in detail. Following a critical qualitative analysis of the data, outcome measures were categorized. Primary outcomes were identified and the frequency of reporting in the selected articles was calculated. Additionally, risk of bias assessments were performed for individual articles and primary outcomes.
RESULTS
Ninety-two articles, of which 39 reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 20 reported non-RCTs, and 33 reported case series studies, were selected. Outcome measures were categorized into either investigator-evaluated outcome measures (i.e., clinical, digital imaging, esthetic, histologic, biomarker, and safety) or patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical outcomes were the most frequently reported type of outcome. Considering all categories, the most frequently reported primary outcomes were facial mucosa thickness assessed with clinical methods (22.83%), facial keratinized mucosa width assessed with clinical methods (19.57%), facial mucosal margin position/recession assessed with clinical methods (18.48%), facial mucosa thickness assessed with digital imaging methods (11.96%), facial soft-tissue volume assessed with digital imaging methods (9.78%), and supracrestal tissue height assessed with clinical methods (9.78%). No distinguishable patterns of association between specific types or quality (level of bias) of clinical studies and the choice of primary outcomes were observed.
CONCLUSION
Clinical research on peri-implant soft-tissue augmentation has progressively increased in the last 10 years. Although clinical outcome measures were the most frequently reported outcomes in the selected literature, trends in the field are indicative of a shift from traditional clinical assessment methods to the use of digital technologies. PROMs were generally underreported but should be considered an integral methodological component in future clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Gingiva; Mucous Membrane; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
PubMed: 35343615
DOI: 10.1111/clr.13927 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2022The oral mucosa is one of the first sites to be affected by the SARS-CoV-2. For this reason, healthcare providers performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in the... (Review)
Review
The oral mucosa is one of the first sites to be affected by the SARS-CoV-2. For this reason, healthcare providers performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in the oral cavity are at high risk of infection with COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review is to verify whether there is evidence in the literature describing a decrease in the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2 after using different mouthwashes. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane library database was carried out. The criteria used were those described by the PRISMA Statement. Randomized controlled trial studies that have used mouthwashes as a form of intervention to reduce the viral load in saliva were included. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Ultimately, eight articles were included that met the established criteria. Based on the evidence currently available in the literature, PVP-I, CHX and CPC present significant virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and could be used as pre-procedural mouthwashes to reduce the risk of cross-infection.
PubMed: 35330016
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061692 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2022Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common condition, can be associated with brain injury. It is frequently managed by providing infants with an alternative source of glucose,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neonatal hypoglycaemia, a common condition, can be associated with brain injury. It is frequently managed by providing infants with an alternative source of glucose, often given enterally with milk-feeding or intravenously with dextrose solution, which may decrease breastfeeding success. Intravenous dextrose also often requires that mother and baby are cared for in separate environments. Oral dextrose gel is simple and inexpensive, and can be administered directly to the buccal mucosa for rapid correction of hypoglycaemia, in association with continued breastfeeding and maternal care. This is an update of a previous review published in 2016.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of oral dextrose gel in correcting hypoglycaemia in newborn infants from birth to discharge home and reducing long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase from database inception to October 2021. We also searched international clinical trials networks, the reference lists of included trials, and relevant systematic reviews identified in the search. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing oral dextrose gel versus placebo, no treatment, or other therapies for the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia in newborn infants from birth to discharge home.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data; they did not assess publications for which they were study authors. We contacted investigators to obtain additional information. We used fixed-effect models and the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
We included two studies conducted in high-income countries, involving 312 late preterm and at-risk term infants and comparing oral dextrose gel (40% concentration) to placebo gel. One study was at low risk of bias, and the other (an abstract) was at unclear to high risk of bias. Oral dextrose gel compared with placebo gel probably increases correction of hypoglycaemic events (rate ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.20; rate difference 66 more per 1000, 95% CI 17 fewer to 166 more; 1 study; 237 infants; moderate-certainty evidence), and may result in a slight reduction in the risk of major neurological disability at age two years or older, but the evidence is uncertain (risk ratio (RR) 0.46, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.47; risk difference (RD) 24 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 41 fewer to 66 more; 1 study, 185 children; low-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of oral dextrose gel compared with placebo gel or no gel on the need for intravenous treatment for hypoglycaemia (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.32; RD 37 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 91 fewer to 54 more; 2 studies, 312 infants; very low-certainty evidence). Investigators in one study of 237 infants reported no adverse events (e.g. choking or vomiting at the time of administration) in the oral dextrose gel or placebo gel group (low-certainty evidence). Oral dextrose gel compared with placebo gel probably reduces the incidence of separation from the mother for treatment of hypoglycaemia (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.93; RD 116 fewer per 1000, 95% CI 174 fewer to 18 fewer; 1 study, 237 infants; moderate-certainty evidence), and increases the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.18; RD 87 more per 1000, 95% CI 9 more to 157 more; 1 study, 237 infants; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Oral dextrose gel (specifically 40% dextrose concentration) used to treat hypoglycaemia in newborn infants (specifically at-risk late preterm and term infants) probably increases correction of hypoglycaemic events, and may result in a slight reduction in the risk of major neurological disability at age two years or older. Oral dextrose gel treatment probably reduces the incidence of separation from the mother for treatment and increases the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding after discharge. No adverse events have been reported. Oral dextrose gel is probably an effective and safe first-line treatment for infants with neonatal hypoglycaemia in high-income settings. More evidence is needed about the effects of oral dextrose gel treatment on later neurological disability and the need for other treatments for hypoglycaemia. Future studies should be conducted in low-and middle-income settings, in extremely and moderately preterm infants, and compare oral dextrose gel with other therapies such as intravenous dextrose. There are two ongoing studies that may alter the conclusions of this review when published.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gels; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature
PubMed: 35302645
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011027.pub3 -
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Jun 2022Studies have examined the benefit of having keratinized peri-implant mucosa width with mixed results. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Studies have examined the benefit of having keratinized peri-implant mucosa width with mixed results.
PURPOSE
This study examines whether the lack of a prespecified (2 mm) amount of keratinized mucosa width (KMW) is a risk factor for peri-implant diseases.
METHODS
A systematic electronic and manual search of randomized or nonrandomized controlled or noncontrolled clinical trials was conducted. Qualitative review, quantitative meta-analysis, and trial sequence analysis (TSA) of implants inserted at sites with <2 mm or ≥2 mm of KMW were analyzed to compare all the predetermined outcome variables. The level of evidence concerning the role of KMW in peri-implant health was evaluated via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system guide.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis and four in the meta-analysis and TSA. No significant inter-group difference (p > 0.05) and a low power of evidence were found for probing depth, soft-tissue recession, and marginal bone loss. A significant difference favoring ≥2 mm KMW had a lower mean plaque index (MD = 0.37, 95% CI: [0.16, 0.58], p = 0.002) (3 studies, 430 implants, low-quality evidence). GRADE system showed very low and low quality of evidence for all other outcome measures.
CONCLUSION
Based on the available studies, the impact of amount of KMW (either <2 mm or ≥ 2 mm) as a risk factor for developing peri-implant disease remains low. Future control studies with proper sample size and longer follow-up are needed to further validate current findings.
Topics: Dental Implants; Dental Plaque Index; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Peri-Implantitis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35298862
DOI: 10.1111/cid.13080