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Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Jun 2023Implants are preferred for replacement of missing teeth by the clinicians as well as the patients. Lesser alveolar bone density doesn't preclude any individual for... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Implants are preferred for replacement of missing teeth by the clinicians as well as the patients. Lesser alveolar bone density doesn't preclude any individual for choosing this option but warrants for extra caution. Preclinical studies have explored the osteoinductive potential of statins, but results should be analyzed vigorously before implementing them in humans. There is no meta-analysis to document effect of statins on bone formation around implants in osteoporotic animals.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched for studies investigating the effect of statins on bone implant contact (BIC %), bone mineral density (BMD %) and bone volume (BV %) around implants at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Meta-analysis was performed on subgroups with osteoporotic animals which were administered statins through different routes.
RESULTS
Quantitative data from 12 studies showed favorable effect of statins on bone around implants. Positive difference was observed at 4 weeks in BIC (parenteral [SMD = 4.33 (2.89, 5.77); = 3%)], BMD (local [SMD = 1.33 (0.51, 2.15); = 0%] and BV (local [SMD = 1.58 (0.76, 2.40); = 0%]. BIC [SMD = 1.40 (0.89, 1.90); = 0%] and BV [SMD = 3.91 (2.33, 5.50); = 43%] were higher in experimental group after 12 weeks of oral administration.
CONCLUSIONS
Statins can be investigated as potential bone graft materials to increase the predictability of osseointegration especially in osteoporotic individuals. Future research should focus to reproduce homogeneous data and conclusive recommendations which can be applied in clinical trials.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-023-01873-z.
PubMed: 37122799
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01873-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment that is increasingly used in orthopedics practices. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that low-level laser therapy... (Review)
Review
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment that is increasingly used in orthopedics practices. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) promotes angiogenesis, fracture healing and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, the underlying mechanisms during bone formation remain largely unknown. Factors such as wavelength, energy density, irradiation and frequency of LLLT can influence the cellular mechanisms. Moreover, the effects of LLLT are different according to cell types treated. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the molecular pathways activated by LLLT and its effects on the bone healing process. A better understanding of the cellular mechanisms activated by LLLT can improve its clinical application.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Low-Level Light Therapy; Fracture Healing; Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37108257
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087094 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2023Ridge resorption following tooth extraction may be reduced by alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). Previous randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Ridge resorption following tooth extraction may be reduced by alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). Previous randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews have suggested that autogenous tooth bone graft (ATB) can be an effective alternative material for ARP. However, the results are heterogeneous. Therefore, our research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ATB in ARP.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus for studies published from inception to 31 November 2021. We searched searched for randomized, non-randomized controlled trials and case series reporting on ATB use for ARP. The primary outcome was the ridge width difference pre- and post-surgery, measured in millimetres (mm) measured on CBCT (cone beam computed tomography). The secondary outcomes were the histological results. We followed the PRISMA2020 recommendations for reporting our systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The analysis included eight studies for the primary and six for the secondary outcomes. The meta-analysis revealed a positive ridge preservation effect with a pooled mean difference ridge width change of -0.72 mm. The pooled mean residual graft proportion was 11.61%, and the newly formed bone proportion was 40.23%. The pooled mean of newly formed bone proportion was higher in the group where ATB originated from both the root and crown of the tooth.
CONCLUSIONS
ATB is an effective particulate graft material in ARP. Complete demineralization of the ATB tends to decrease the proportion of newly formed bone. ATB can be an attractive option for ARP.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021287890).
Topics: Humans; Alveolar Process; Tooth Socket; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Tooth Extraction; Osteogenesis; Alveolar Bone Loss
PubMed: 37076844
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02930-2 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Apr 2023Human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDP-MSCs), which include human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth...
BACKGROUND
Human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hDP-MSCs), which include human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), are promising cell sources for regenerative therapies. Nevertheless, a lack of knowledge relating to the mechanisms regulating their differentiation has limited their clinical application. microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory molecules in cellular processes including cell differentiation. This systematic review aims to provide a panel of miRNAs that regulate the differentiation of hDP-MSCs including hDPSCs and SHEDs. Additionally, bioinformatic analyses were conducted to discover target genes, signaling pathways and gene ontologies associated with the identified miRNAs.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library. Experimental studies assessing the promotive/suppressive effect of miRNAs on the differentiation of hDP-MSCs and studies evaluating changes to the expression of miRNAs during the differentiation of hDP-MSCs were included. miRNAs involved in odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation were then included in a bioinformatic analysis. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was also constructed.
RESULTS
Of 766 initially identified records through database searching, 42 and 36 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and bioinformatic analyses, respectively. Thirteen miRNAs promoted and 17 suppressed odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDP-MSCs. hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-218 and hsa-miR-143 were more frequently reported suppressing the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDP-MSCs. hsa-miR-221 and hsa-miR-124 promoted and hsa-miR-140-5p inhibited neuronal differentiation, hsa-miR-26a-5p promoted and hsa-miR-424 suppressed angiogenic differentiation, and hsa-miR-135 and hsa-miR-143 inhibited differentiation within myogenic lineages. A miRNA-mRNA network including 1890 nodes and 2171 edges was constructed. KEGG pathway analysis revealed MAPK, PI3K-Akt and FoxO as key signaling pathways involved in the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDP-MSCs.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this systematic review support the potential application of the specific miRNAs to regulate the directed differentiation of hDP-MSCs in the field of regenerative therapies.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Dental Pulp; MicroRNAs; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Computational Biology
PubMed: 37038220
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03289-5 -
Materials Today. Bio Apr 2023The biological functions of rare-earth elements (REEs) have become a focus of intense research. Recent studies have demonstrated that ion doping or alloying of some REEs... (Review)
Review
The biological functions of rare-earth elements (REEs) have become a focus of intense research. Recent studies have demonstrated that ion doping or alloying of some REEs can optimize the properties of traditional biomaterials. Europium (Eu), which is an REE with low toxicity and good biocompatibility, has promising applications in biomedicine. This article systematically reviews the osteogenic, angiogenic, neuritogenic, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties of Eu-containing biomaterials, thereby paving the way for biomedical applications of Eu. Data collection for this review was completed in October 2022, and 30 relevant articles were finally included. Most articles indicated that doping of Eu ions or Eu-compound nanoparticles in biomaterials can improve their osteogenic, angiogenic, neuritogenic, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties. The angiogenic, antibacterial, and potential neuritogenic effects of Eu(OH) nanoparticles have also been demonstrated.
PubMed: 36910271
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100595 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2023Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is defined by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) as the presence of an exposed bone... (Review)
Review
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is defined by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) as the presence of an exposed bone area in the maxillofacial region, present for more than eight weeks in patients treated with the use of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents, with no history of radiation or metastatic disease. Bisphosphonates (BF) and denosumab (DS) are widely used in adults for the management of patients with cancer and osteoporosis, and recently there has been an increase in their use in child and young patients for the management of disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS), malignant hypercalcemia, and others. There are differences between case reports in adults compared to child and young patients related to the use of antiresorptive/antiangiogenic drugs and the development of MRONJ. The aim was to analyze the presence of MRONJ in children and young patients, and the relation with oral surgery. A systematic review, following the PRISMA search matrix based on the PICO question, was conducted in PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and manual search in high-impact journals between 1960 and 2022, publications in English or Spanish, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cases and controls studies, and series and case reports. A total of 2792 articles were identified and 29 were included; all of them published between 2007 and 2022, identifying 1192 patients, 39.68% male and 36.24% female, aged 11.56 years old on average, using these drugs mainly for OI (60.15%); 4.21 years on average was the therapy time and 10.18 drug doses administered on average; oral surgery was observed in 216 subjects, reporting 14 cases of MRONJ. We concluded that there is a low presence of MRONJ in the child and youth population treated with antiresorptive drugs. Data collection is weak, and details of therapy are not clear in some cases. Deficiencies in protocols and pharmacological characterization were observed in most of the included articles.
PubMed: 36835951
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041416 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jan 2023(1) Background: Different compositions of biodegradable materials are being investigated to successfully replace non-resorbable ones in bone tissue regeneration in... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: Different compositions of biodegradable materials are being investigated to successfully replace non-resorbable ones in bone tissue regeneration in dental surgery. The systematic review tried to address the question, "Can biodegradable polymers act as a replacement for conventional materials in dental surgery procedures?" (2) Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted in October 2022. The following keywords were used: (lactide polymers) and (hydroxyapatite or fluorapatite) and (dentistry) and (regeneration). Initially, 59 studies were found. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. (3) Results: These usually improved the properties and induced osteogenesis, tissue mineralisation and bone regeneration by inducing osteoblast proliferation. Five studies showed higher induction of osteogenesis in the case of biomaterials, UV-HAp/PLLA, ALBO-OS, bioresorbable raw particulate hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactide and PLGA/Hap, compared to conventional materials such as titanium. Four studies confirmed improvement in tissue mineralisation with the usage of biomaterials: hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid (HA/PLA) loaded with dog's dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), Coll/HAp/PLCL, PDLLA/VACNT-O:nHAp, incorporation of hydroxyapatite and simvastatin. Three studies showed an acceleration in proliferation of osteoblasts for the use of biomaterials with additional factors such as collagen and UV light. (4) Conclusions: Lactide polymers present higher osteointegration and cell proliferation rate than the materials compared. They are superior to non-biodegradable materials in terms of the biocompability, bone remodelling and healing time tests. Moreover, because there is no need of reoperation, as the material automatically degrades, the chance of scars and skin sclerosis is lower. However, more studies involving greater numbers of biomaterial types and mixes need to be performed in order to find a perfect biodegradable material.
PubMed: 36826882
DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020083 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Feb 2023Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, connective tissue disorder characterised by bone fragility, resulting in recurrent fractures and skeletal deformities....
BACKGROUND
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, connective tissue disorder characterised by bone fragility, resulting in recurrent fractures and skeletal deformities. Extra-skeletal manifestations include dentinogenesis imperfecta, hearing abnormalities and lung disease. These co-morbidities combined with recurrent fractures can exert a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). It is important to assess HR-QOL throughout adulthood because the prevalence of some OI-specific complications increases with age.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched on 2nd February 2022 to identify studies reporting quantitative assessments of HR-QOL in adults with OI. The primary endpoint was to determine the impact of an OI diagnosis on adult's HR-QOL. Secondary endpoints were to (i) examine how frequently various HR-QOL assessment tools were used (ii) identify differences in HR-QOL between OI types and (iii) investigate the determinants of HR-QOL in adults with OI. Search results were exported to Endnote where two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full-text reviews. Data from accepted studies were extracted into Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken.
RESULTS
The review identified 17 studies with a total of 1,648 adults. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was the most frequently reported HR-QOL assessment tool and was used in nine studies. Physical HR-QOL was reduced in adults with OI. Physical component scores (PCS) or individual physical domains of the SF-36 were lower in eight of nine studies. Mental component scores (MCS) were preserved in all six studies, however individual mental health domains of the SF-36 were reduced in some studies. The prevalence of anxiety/depression was relatively low in adults with OI. Those with type III OI had lower physical and respiratory HR-QOL but preserved mental HR-QOL compared with type I. The prevalence of fatigue and pain was higher in adults with OI compared with reference populations. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.
CONCLUSION
OI in adulthood has a wide-ranging negative impact on HR-QOL. Physical and respiratory HR-QOL were lower, while the prevalence of pain and fatigue were higher than in reference populations. Mental HR-QOL was relatively preserved, although some deficits were identified. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Quality of Life; Pain; Fatigue; Prevalence
PubMed: 36814291
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02643-3 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Feb 2023Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable connective tissue disorder primarily characterised by skeletal deformity and fragility, and an array of secondary... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable connective tissue disorder primarily characterised by skeletal deformity and fragility, and an array of secondary features. The purpose of this review was to capture and quantify the published evidence relating specifically to the clinical, humanistic, and economic impact of OI on individuals, their families, and wider society.
METHODS
A systematic scoping review of 11 databases (MEDLINE, MEDLINE in-progress, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, NHS EED, CEA Registry, PEDE, ScHARRHUd, Orphanet and Google Scholar), supplemented by hand searches of grey literature, was conducted to identify OI literature published 1st January 1995-18th December 2021. Searches were restricted to English language but without geographical limitations. The quality of included records was assessed using the AGREE II checklist and an adapted version of the JBI cross-sectional study checklist.
RESULTS
Of the identified 7,850 records, 271 records of 245 unique studies met the inclusion criteria; overall, 168 included records examined clinical aspects of OI, 67 provided humanistic data, 6 reported on the economic impact of OI, and 30 provided data on mixed outcomes. Bone conditions, anthropometric measurements, oral conditions, diagnostic techniques, use of pharmacotherapy, and physical functioning of adults and children with OI were well described. However, few records included current care practice, diagnosis and monitoring, interactions with the healthcare system, or transition of care across life stages. Limited data on wider health concerns beyond bone health, how these concerns may impact health-related quality of life, in particular that of adult men and other family members, were identified. Few records described fatigue in children or adults. Markedly few records provided data on the socioeconomic impact of OI on patients and their caregivers, and associated costs to healthcare systems, and wider society. Most included records had qualitative limitations.
CONCLUSION
Despite the rarity of OI, the volume of recently published literature highlights the breadth of interest in the OI field from the research community. However, significant data gaps describing the experience of OI for individuals, their families, and wider society warrant further research to capture and quantify the full impact of OI.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Humans; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 36814274
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02627-3 -
Nutrients Nov 2022Osteoporosis is caused by the deterioration of bone density and microstructure, resulting in increased fracture risk. It transpires due to an imbalanced skeletal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis is caused by the deterioration of bone density and microstructure, resulting in increased fracture risk. It transpires due to an imbalanced skeletal remodelling process favouring bone resorption. Various natural compounds can positively influence the skeletal remodelling process, of which naringenin is a candidate. Naringenin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound found in citrus fruits and grapefruit. This systematic review aims to present an overview of the available evidence on the skeletal protective effects of naringenin.
METHOD
A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases in August 2022. Original research articles using cells, animals, or humans to investigate the bone protective effects of naringenin were included.
RESULTS
Sixteen eligible articles were included in this review. The existing evidence suggested that naringenin enhanced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation through BMP-2/p38MAPK/Runx2/Osx, SDF-1/CXCR4, and PI3K/Akt/-Fos/-Jun/AP-1 signalling pathways. Naringenin also inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by inhibiting inflammation and the RANKL pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
Naringenin enhances bone formation while suppressing bone resorption, thus achieving its skeletal protective effects. It could be incorporated into the diet through fruit intake or supplements to prevent bone loss.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Flavanones; Osteogenesis; Bone Resorption
PubMed: 36432535
DOI: 10.3390/nu14224851