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Journal of Clinical Medicine May 2020This study evaluated the possibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer with papillary adenocarcinoma (EGC-PAC). PAC, an uncommon...
This study evaluated the possibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer with papillary adenocarcinoma (EGC-PAC). PAC, an uncommon pathologic type of stomach cancer, is classified into differentiated-type histology. However, aggressive features, including a high rate of submucosal invasion, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and lymph node metastasis (LNM), have been reported in studies with surgical specimens. Treatment outcomes of ESD for EGC-PAC have not been precisely demonstrated. Core databases were sought for the following inclusion criteria: studies of endoscopic resection or surgery of EGC-PAC presenting the following therapeutic indicators; en bloc resection, complete resection, curative resection, recurrence, complications associated with procedures, LVI, or LNM that enabled an analysis of ESD possibility. Overall, 15 studies were included for systematic review. Frequent submucosal invasion and high LVI were noted in EGC-PAC. However, PAC was not significantly associated with LNM. Pooled en bloc resection, complete resection, and curative resection rates were 89.7% (95% confidence interval: 55.3%-98.4%), 85.3% (67.7%-94.2%), and 67% (43%-84.5%), respectively. No LNM was observed if EGC-PAC satisfied the curative resection criteria. ESD seems technically feasible, although a high LVI rate results in a lower rate of curative resection.
PubMed: 32422868
DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051465 -
Head and Neck Pathology Dec 2020The evaluation of surgically resected papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for BRAF mutation has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
The evaluation of surgically resected papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for BRAF mutation has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The goal of this meta-analysis was to perform a systematic review of studies using the VE1 clone (specific for detection of the BRAF V600E mutation) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) thyroid surgical resection specimens for primary papillary thyroid carcinoma. The authors' molecular techniques, immunohistochemistry protocols, and scoring methods for VE1 immunostaining were also evaluated. This study included 4079 PTCs representing data from 23 studies. The results extracted from each study were split into two different groups, direct sequencing group or PCR group, based on the molecular "gold standard" method used to compare VE1 IHC staining. In the direct sequencing group, the IHC sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 0.97-1.00) and specificity 84% (95% 0.72-0.91). In the PCR group the sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and specificity 89% (95% CI 0.82-0.94). Although immunohistochemical procedures varied by author, the overall performance of the VE1 clone shows that it is highly sensitive and relatively specific for detecting the BRAF V600E mutation in surgical resection specimens. However, standardization of immunohistochemical procedural method and scoring/interpretation criteria may improve the reliability and reproducibility for the use of VE1 clone for future practice.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Genetic Techniques; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 32358715
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01166-8 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Jun 2020Active surveillance is sometimes considered as a disease management option for individuals with small, low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Active surveillance is sometimes considered as a disease management option for individuals with small, low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether patient age is associated with progression of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (tumor growth or incident metastatic disease) in adults under active surveillance.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Emcare, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ClincalTrials.gov) were searched from inception to March 2019, supplemented with a hand search. Two investigators independently screened citations, reviewed full-text articles, and abstracted data. Additional data were sought from authors. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using incidence data (statistically adjusted for confounders and crude rates).
FINDINGS
A total of 1658 unique citations were screened, and 62 full-text articles were reviewed, including 5 studies. Three studies included exclusively microcarcinomas and 2 included tumors up to 2 cm in maximal diameter. The mean age of participants was 51.0 to 55.2 years in 4 studies reporting this value. The mean or median follow-up was 5 years or more in 3 studies and approximately 2 years in 2 studies. The pooled risk ratio for tumor growth of 3 mm or more in maximal diameter in individuals aged 40 to 50 years compared with younger individuals was 0.51 when adjusted for confounders (95% CI, 0.29-0.89; 1619 patients, 2 studies), and the unadjusted risk ratio of this outcome for individuals 40 years or older was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36-0.82; 2097 patients, 4 studies). In adults aged 40 to 45 years, the unadjusted risk ratio for any tumor volume increase compared with younger individuals was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51-0.83; 1232 patients, 4 studies). The pooled risk ratio for incident nodal metastases in individuals 40 years or older was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.10-0.47; 1806 patients, 3 studies); however, in a secondary analysis, the risk difference was not significantly different. There was no statistically significant heterogeneity in any of the meta-analyses. There were no thyroid cancer-related deaths nor incident distant metastases.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
This study suggests that older age may be associated with a reduced risk of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma tumor growth under active surveillance. Incident metastatic disease is uncommon during active surveillance.
Topics: Age Factors; Disease Progression; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Burden; Watchful Waiting
PubMed: 32297926
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0368 -
Medicine Feb 2020This systematic review and meta-analysis collected data for evaluating the effect of surgical extent on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis collected data for evaluating the effect of surgical extent on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. The included studies compared two groups of patients with PTC: the total thyroidectomy (TT) group and the lobectomy (LT) group. The combined hazard ratio (HR) was calculated.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in the present study. The TT and LT groups had similar OS results (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.90-1.21; P = .60). In the subgroup analysis, the combined HR of the ≤1 cm group and the 1.0 to 2.0 cm group showed that TT had no advantage with regard to OS compared to LT. In the 2.0 to 4.0 cm group, TT provided better OS than LT (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99; P = .03). Patients who underwent TT had a better RFS outcome than those who underwent LT (HR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41-0.77; P < .0001). In the subgroup analysis, both the ≤1 cm group and >1 cm group that underwent TT were associated with better RFS.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis suggested that LT increased the risk of recurrence in PTC patients with tumors ≤1.0 cm and in PTC patients with tumors >1.0 cm. More importantly, LT was associated with higher mortality in PTC patients with 2.0 to 4.0 cm tumors. Caution is warranted when LT is performed in this group of patients.
Topics: Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Survival Analysis; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 32028431
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019073 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Nov 2019Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a cystic tumor with a disease spectrum ranging from low-grade dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The... (Review)
Review
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is a cystic tumor with a disease spectrum ranging from low-grade dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The evidence for adjuvant treatment in invasive IPMN is limited and mostly derived from studies in conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We performed a systematic review focusing on all clinical studies concerning the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in patients with invasive IPMN. We identified 8 retrospective cohort studies, using either adjuvant chemotherapy alone (n=1), adjuvant radiotherapy alone (n=1) or adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with radiation (n=6). Adjuvant therapy was associated with a survival benefit in 7 out of the 8 studies. Specific survival benefit was noted for patients with node-positive disease, higher TNM stage, positive resection margins, poor differentiation and tubular subtype. We conclude that adjuvant therapy may be beneficial in invasive IPMN, but current data suggest that it should be given selectively based on individual tumor characteristics. Further prospective, randomized studies are warranted.
PubMed: 31930090
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.37 -
Endocrine Journal Feb 2020Thyroglobulin measurement in the needle washout after fine-needle aspiration (FNA-Tg) served as an important measurement for suspicious recurrent or metastatic lesions.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Thyroglobulin measurement in the needle washout after fine-needle aspiration (FNA-Tg) served as an important measurement for suspicious recurrent or metastatic lesions. We conducted a pooled analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNA-Tg and searched electronic databases for original articles in English from 1993 through 2017. Finally, a total of 22 studies containing 2,670 lymph nodes (LNs) that enrolled participants with suspicious neck LNs during thyroid nodule workup or papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) follow-up were included. In our analysis, the overall pooled sensitivity for FNA-Tg was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.87-0.93), specificity was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.96). Meta regression revealed that the cutoff value and status of serum Tg were sources of heterogeneity for sensitivity, and the cutoff value was source of heterogeneity for specificity. Additionally, the cutoff value and status of serum Tg were sources of heterogeneity in the joint model. Subgroup analysis about cut-off value showed that the choice of 1 ng/mL had highest sensitivity, 40 ng/mL had highest specificity. At last, we arrived at the conclusion that FNA-Tg measurement had high specificity and sensitivity in the early detection of LNs metastases from PTC by our meta-analysis. The technique was simple and could be recommended to apply in any FNA facility, especially when LN were small-sized. Significantly, a better standardization of criteria for FNA-Tg detection and cutoff value was required to provide useful data and to improve management of PTC patients in the future.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neck; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31723088
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0558 -
International Journal of Surgery... Nov 2019Previous studies have indicated that there may be a difference in tumor biology between intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) and pancreatic ductal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have indicated that there may be a difference in tumor biology between intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the data are still controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and compare the outcome of IPMC and PDAC after surgical resection.
METHODS
Studies comparing IPMC and PDAC were identified using Medline and Embase search engines. Primary outcomes of interest were survival and recurrence. Secondary outcomes were clinicopathological characteristics. Meta-analysis of data was conducted using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies were included. Pooled analysis revealed an improved 5-year overall survival (OS) for IPMC compared to PDAC (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.56). Both colloid and tubular IPMC showed improved 5-year OS compared to PDAC (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05-0.25 and OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.54, respectively). Median survival time ranged from 21 to 58 months in the IPMC group compared to 12-23 months in the PDAC group. No meta-analysis could be performed on recurrence or on time-to-event data. Descriptive data showed no survival difference for higher TNM stages. IPMC was more often found at a TNM-stage of 1 (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.71-7.15) and had lower rates of lymph node spread (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32-0.57).
CONCLUSION
Available data suggest that IPMC has a more indolent course with a better 5-year OS compared to PDAC. The histopathological features are less aggressive in IPMC. The reason may be earlier detection. However, for IPMC with higher TNM stages the survival seems to be similar to that of PDAC.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31546033
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.09.014 -
Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck... Aug 2019To evaluate the possible predictive value and clinicopathological characteristics of Delphian lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the possible predictive value and clinicopathological characteristics of Delphian lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with Delphian lymph node metastasis in a single institution and meta-analysis of literature reports were performed.
RESULTS
In own series, Delphian lymph node metastasis was detected in 19 (9.9%) of 192 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients and was significantly associated with tumor size≥1 cm (P = 0.003), multifocality (P = 0.006) and extrathyroid extension (P < 0.001) in the multivariate analysis. Female was a protective factor for Delphian lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). Delphian lymph node metastasis was highly predictive of further central lymph node metastasis (positive predictive value = 89.5%, negative predictive value = 67.6%) and moderately predictive of lateral lymph node metastasis (positive predictive value = 26.3%, negative predictive value = 95.4%). In this meta-analysis, there was a strong correlation between Delphian lymph node metastasis and aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics with regards to multifocality (P = 0.0008), bilaterality (P = 0.04), extrathyroid extension (P < 0.00001), lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.00001), further central lymph node metastasis (P < 0.00001) and lateral lymph node metastasis (P < 0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
This single-institution observational study and meta-analysis identified that Delphian lymph node metastasis was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and had a strong predictive power for further disease in the central compartment.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The clinical study was retrospectively registered to UMIN clinical trials registry (the registry number: UMIN000033835 ).
Topics: Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neck; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 31470907
DOI: 10.1186/s40463-019-0362-7 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Oct 2019The second version of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology endorsed the introduction of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Impact of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) on risk of malignancy in patients undergoing lobectomy/thyroidectomy for suspected malignancy or malignant fine-needle aspiration cytology findings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The second version of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology endorsed the introduction of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) as a distinct entity with low malignant potential into clinical practice. Consequently, the risk of malignancy (ROM) of cytological diagnoses has changed, but the magnitude of the change remains uncertain. The present systematic review was undertaken to obtain more robust information about the true impact of NIFTP on the ROM among patients undergoing surgery following a fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis of suspicious for malignancy (Bethesda V) or malignant (Bethesda VI). As they are managed surgically, these two diagnostic categories are the primary entities that are clinically impacted by the advent of NIFTP.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of online databases was performed in November 2018. The search was conducted looking for data of histologically proven NIFTP with preoperative FNAC.
RESULTS
One-hundred fifty-seven articles were identified and nine were included in the study. Overall, there were 13,752 thyroidectomies with a cancer prevalence of 45.7%. When NIFTP was considered non-malignant, the pooled risk difference for ROM was 5.5%. Applying meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of NIFTP among nodules with FNAC of Bethesda V or Bethesda VI was 14 and 3%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis shows that the inclusion of NIFTP leads to a reduction in the ROM for the Bethesda V and Bethesda VI FNAC diagnostic categories by 14 and 3%, respectively. Clinicians should be aware of these data to avoid overtreatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Risk Factors; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 31340203
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-19-0223 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Sep 2019This study was designed to explore whether ultrasound of thyroid nodules facilitates the interpretation of the malignant risk of Bethesda III/IV thyroid nodules to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This study was designed to explore whether ultrasound of thyroid nodules facilitates the interpretation of the malignant risk of Bethesda III/IV thyroid nodules to inform further therapies.
METHODS
We reviewed patient records in which the results of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) were classified by the Bethesda III/IV in our institution between January 2016 and June 2018. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and Chinese VIP. The odds ratio (OR) was used to measure associations between risk factors and thyroid nodule malignancy.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine cases of Bethesda III/IV with corresponding surgeries were included, and the malignancy risk was 54.2%. Meta-analysis revealed irregular borders, solitary nodules, hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, and being taller than wide, all of which increased the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules. Combined ORs for these factors were 4.08 (95% CI: 2.34-7.14, P < .001), 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39-3.42, P = .001), 2.02 (95% CI: 1.35-3.01, P = .001), 3.21 (95% CI: 2.26-4.56, P < .001), and 4.35 (95% CI: 3.07-6.15, P < .001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
As the risk of malignancy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is high, when any one of the five ultrasound features of malignancy were confirmed, repeated FNA is recommended to confirm PTC-type malignancy, even though nodules were Bethesda III/IV classification. However, repeated FNA should be avoided when none of these ultrasound features are identified because repeated FNA does not contribute to identifying non-PTC type malignancies, such as follicular thyroid carcinoma and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adult; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Nodule; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31211509
DOI: 10.1002/dc.24248